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Children's advanced theory of mind (AToM) is concurrently associated with their prosocial lie-telling. However, the causal link between AToM and prosocial lie-telling has not yet been demonstrated. To address this gap, the current study adopted a training paradigm and investigated the role of AToM in children's prosocial lie-telling in middle childhood. A total of 66 9- and 10-year-old children who did not demonstrate any prosocial lie-telling in a disappointment gift paradigm at the baseline were recruited and randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n = 32) or an active control group (n = 34). The experimental group underwent a conversation-based training program of four sessions. The results showed significantly greater gains in AToM at the posttest for the experimental group children compared with the control group children, controlling for family socioeconomic status, children's literacy score, working memory, and inhibition. More important, the experimental group children were more likely to tell prosocial lies than the control group, even after controlling for the pretest AToM and other covariates. However, the training effects faded at the 6-month follow-up test after the training's completion. These findings provide the first evidence for the causal role of AToM in the development of prosocial lie-telling in middle childhood. The fade-out effect is discussed in the context of educational interventions.
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Decepción , Teoría de la Mente , Humanos , Niño , Masculino , Femenino , Conducta Social , Conducta Infantil/psicología , Desarrollo InfantilRESUMEN
Pyroptosis is regarded as a promising strategy to modulate tumor immune microenvironments for anticancer therapy. Although pyroptosis inducers have been extensively explored in the biomedical field, their drug resistance, off-targeting capacity, and adverse effects do not fulfill the growing demands of therapy. Nowadays, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with unique structures and facile synthesis/functionalization characteristics have shown great potential in anticancer therapy. The flexible choices of metal ions and ligands endow MOFs with inherent anti-cancer efficiency, whereas the porous structures in MOFs make them ideal vehicles for delivering various chemodrug-based pyroptosis inducers. In this review, we provide the latest advances in MOF-based materials to evoke pyroptosis and give a brief but comprehensive review of the different types of MOFs for pyroptosis-mediated cancer therapy. Finally, we also discuss the current challenges of MOF-based pyroptosis inducers and their future prospects in this field.
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Antineoplásicos , Estructuras Metalorgánicas , Neoplasias , Piroptosis , Estructuras Metalorgánicas/química , Estructuras Metalorgánicas/farmacología , Piroptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/patología , AnimalesRESUMEN
Cancer is a significant global health issue. Platinum-based chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, are crucial in clinical anti-cancer treatment. However, these drugs have limitations such as drug resistance, non-specific distribution, and irreversible toxic and side effects. In recent years, the development of metal-based agents has led to the discovery of other anti-cancer effects beyond chemotherapy. Precise spatiotemporal controlled external irradiation can activate metal-based agents at specific sites and play a different role from traditional chemotherapy. These strategies can not only enhance the anti-cancer efficiency, but also show fewer side effects and non-cross-drug resistance, which are ideal approaches to solve the problems caused by traditional platinum-based chemotherapy drugs. In this review, we focus on various metal-based agent-mediated cancer therapies that are activated by three types of external irradiation: near-infrared (NIR) light, ultrasound (US), and X-ray, and give some prospects. We hope that this review will promote the generation of new kinds of metal-based anti-cancer agents.
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Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias , Humanos , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/radioterapia , Rayos Infrarrojos , Complejos de Coordinación/química , Complejos de Coordinación/uso terapéutico , Complejos de Coordinación/farmacología , Metales/química , Rayos X , AnimalesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Neonates with immature auditory function (eg, weak/absent middle ear muscle reflex) could conceivably be vulnerable to noise-induced hearing loss; however, it is unclear if neonates show evidence of hearing loss following MRI acoustic noise exposure. PURPOSE: To explore the auditory effects of MRI acoustic noise in neonates. STUDY TYPE: Prospective. SUBJECTS: Two independent cohorts of neonates (N = 19 and N = 18; mean gestational-age, 38.75 ± 2.18 and 39.01 ± 1.83 weeks). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: T1-weighted three-dimensional gradient-echo sequence, T2-weighted fast spin-echo sequence, single-shot echo-planar imaging-based diffusion-tensor imaging, single-shot echo-planar imaging-based diffusion-kurtosis imaging and T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence at 3.0 T. ASSESSMENT: All neonates wore ear protection during scan protocols lasted ~40 minutes. Equivalent sound pressure levels (SPLs) were measured for both cohorts. In cohort1, left- and right-ear auditory brainstem response (ABR) was measured before (baseline) and after (follow-up) MRI, included assessment of ABR threshold, wave I, III and V latencies and interpeak interval to determine the functional status of auditory nerve and brainstem. In cohort2, baseline and follow-up left- and right-ear distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) amplitudes were assessed at 1.2 to 7.0 kHz to determine cochlear function. STATISTICAL TEST: Wilcoxon signed-rank or paired t-tests with Bonferroni's correction were used to compare the differences between baseline and follow-up ABR and DPOAE measures. RESULTS: Equivalent SPLs ranged from 103.5 to 113.6 dBA. No significant differences between baseline and follow-up were detected in left- or right-ear ABR measures (P > 0.999, Bonferroni corrected) in cohort1, or in DPOAE levels at 1.2 to 7.0 kHz in cohort2 (all P > 0.999 Bonferroni corrected except for left-ear levels at 3.5 and 7.0 kHz with corrected P = 0.138 and P = 0.533). DATA CONCLUSION: A single 40-minute 3-T MRI with equivalent SPLs of 103.5-113.6 dBA did not result in significant transient disruption of auditory function, as measured by ABR and DPOAE, in neonates with adequate hearing protection. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 2. TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 5.
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BACKGROUND: PM2.5 is a harmful mixture of various chemical components that pose a challenge in determining their individual and combined health effects due to multicollinearity issues with traditional linear regression models. This study aimed to develop an analytical methodology combining traditional and novel machine learning models to evaluate PM2.5's combined effects on blood pressure (BP) and identify the most toxic components. METHODS: We measured late-pregnancy BP of 1138 women from the Heshan cohort while simultaneously analyzing 31 PM2.5 components. We utilized multiple linear regression modeling to establish the relationship between PM2.5 components and late-pregnancy BP and applied Random Forest (RF) and generalized Weighted Quantile Sum (gWQS) regression to identify the most toxic components contributing to elevated BP and to quantitatively evaluate the cumulative effect of the PM2.5 component mixtures. RESULTS: The results revealed that 16 PM2.5 components, such as EC, OC, Ti, Fe, Mn, Cu, Cd, Mg, K, Pb, Se, Na+, K+, Cl-, NO3-, and F-, contributed to elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP), while 26 components, including two carbon components (EC, OC), fourteen metallics (Ti, Fe, Mn, Cr, Mo, Co, Cu, Zn, Cd, Na, Mg, Al, K, Pb), one metalloid (Se), and nine water-soluble ions (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NH4+, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, F-), contributed to elevated diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Mn and Cr were the most toxic components for elevated SBP and DBP, respectively, as analyzed by RF and gWQS models and verified against each other. Exposure to PM2.5 component mixtures increased SBP by 1.04 mmHg (95% CI: 0.33-1.76) and DBP by 1.13 mmHg (95% CI: 0.47-1.78). CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the effectiveness of combining traditional and novel models as an analytical strategy to quantify the health effects of PM2.5 constituent mixtures.
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Contaminantes Atmosféricos , Presión Sanguínea , Aprendizaje Automático , Material Particulado , Femenino , Material Particulado/análisis , Material Particulado/toxicidad , Humanos , Embarazo , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/toxicidad , ChinaRESUMEN
Although being applied as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) fail the precise fluorescence imaging in vivo and phototherapy in deep-tissue, due to short excitation/emission wavelengths. Herein, this work proposes the first example of NIR-II emissive and benzobisthiadiazole-based COF-980. Comparing to its ligands, the structure of COF-980 can more efficiently reducing the energy gap (ΔES1-T1) between the excited state and the triplet state to enhance photodynamic therapy efficiency. Importantly, COF-980 demonstrates high photostability, good anti-diffusion property, superior reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation efficiency, promising imaging ability, and ROS production in deep tissue (≈8 mm). Surprisingly, COF-980 combined with laser irradiation could trigger larger amount of intracellular ROS to high efficiently induce cancer cell death. Notably, COF-980 NPs precisely enable PDT guided by NIR-II fluorescence imaging that effectively inhibit the 4T1 tumor growth with negligible adverse effects. This study provides a universal approach to developing long-wavelength emissive COFs and exploits its applications for biomedicine.
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Imagen Óptica , Fotoquimioterapia , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Tiadiazoles , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Tiadiazoles/química , Tiadiazoles/farmacología , Animales , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Ratones , Imagen Óptica/métodos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/química , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/uso terapéutico , Estructuras Metalorgánicas/química , Estructuras Metalorgánicas/farmacología , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , FemeninoRESUMEN
Albendazole (ABZ), a benzimidazole-based anthelmintic, is widely used to treat helminth infections. The extensive and improper use of ABZ may cause drug residues in animal-origin food and anthelmintics resistance, which potentially threaten human health. Meanwhile, albendazole sulfoxide (ABZSO), a metabolite of ABZ, also exhibits toxic effects. Therefore, the detection of ABZ and ABZSO in animal-derived food is significantly necessary. Herein, a dual-emission europium fluorescent sensor (EuUHC-30) was rationally designed and constructed. EuUHC-30 exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity towards ABZ and ABZSO with a detection limit of 0.10 and 0.13 µM, respectively. Furthermore, EuUHC-30 was successfully applied for quantification of ABZ and ABZSO in milk and pig kidney, which were verified by HPLC analysis. Moreover, a smartphone-assisted EuUHC-30 fluorescent paper sensor was fabricated for the practical determination of ABZ and ABZSO in real food. Overall, this work provides a visual, rapid, and intelligent method for the detection of ABZ and ABZSO in animal-origin food.
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Antihelmínticos , Estructuras Metalorgánicas , Animales , Humanos , Porcinos , Albendazol , Antihelmínticos/metabolismo , Antihelmínticos/uso terapéutico , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta PresiónRESUMEN
A europium-functionalized, dual-emissive, metal-organic framework-based fluorescence sensor (EuUCNDA) was constructed via post-synthetic modification of an UiO-66-type precursor through coordination interactions. EuUCNDA exhibited extremely high selectivity and sensitivity for malachite green (MG) with a low detection limit of 13.01 nM, a wide linear concentration range (0.05-50 µM), excellent anti-interference properties, a rapid response (<1 min), and the possibility of recycling. The good sensing performance of EuUCNDA enables the practical detection of MG in fish pond water and grass carp with good recoveries. Moreover, EuUCNDA can be reused for sensing MG and over 90% of fluorescence intensity can be restored after 7 cycles. Furthermore, EuUCNDA-embedded paper-based sensors combined with smartphone imaging afford portable and visual monitoring of MG in real samples. Notably, besides good sensing performance, EuUCNDA could efficiently remove MG from water. Hence, this work provides a recyclable and sensitive fluorescence sensor for portable, visual, rapid detection and efficient removal of MG.
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Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) infection poses a serious threat to ducks, chickens, and geese, causing a range of detrimental effects, including reduced egg production, growth retardation, and even death. These consequences lead to substantial economic losses for the Chinese poultry industry. Although it is established that various viral infections can trigger activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, the precise role and mechanisms underlying p38 MAPK activation in DTMUV infection remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a study to investigate whether the replication of DTMUV necessitates the activation of p38 MAPK. We found that DTMUV infection stimulates activation of the MKK3/6-p38 MAPK pathway, and the activation of p38 MAPK increases with viral titer. Subsequently, the use of the small molecule inhibitor SB203580 significantly reduced DTMUV replication by inhibiting p38 MAPK activity. Furthermore, downregulation of p38 MAPK protein expression by siRNA also inhibited DTMUV replication, whereas transient transfection of p38 MAPK protein promoted DTMUV replication. Interestingly, we found that the DTMUV capsid protein activates p38 MAPK, and there is interaction between DTMUV capsid and p38 MAPK. Finally, we found that DTMUV infection induces elevated mRNA expression of IFN-α, IFN-ß, IFN-γ, IL-1ß, IL-6, and IL-12, which is associated with p38 MAPK activity. These results indicated that virus hijacking of p38 activation is a crucial event for DTMUV replication, and that pharmacological blockade of p38 activation represents a potential anti-DTMUV strategy.
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Infecciones por Flavivirus , Flavivirus , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral , Animales , Patos , Infecciones por Flavivirus/veterinaria , Pollos , Flavivirus/genética , Replicación Viral , Transducción de Señal , Proteínas de la Cápside , Proteínas Quinasas p38 Activadas por Mitógenos/genéticaRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Erzhi pills (EZP), a traditional Chinese medicine formula prescribed for the treatment of vitiligo, has shown promising efficacy. However, the oral bioactive components and mechanisms underlying the promotion of melanogenesis by EZP remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to investigate the pharmacological basis and mechanism of EZP in promoting melanogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: UHPLC-TOF-MS analysis was used to identify absorbed phytochemicals in serum after oral administration of EZP. Network pharmacology methods were used to predict potential targets and pathways involved in the melanogenic activity of EZP, resulting in the construction of a "compound-target-pathway" network. Zebrafish and B16F10 cells were used to evaluate the effects of EZP on tyrosinase activity and melanin content. Western blot and ELISA analyses were used to validate the effects of EZP on melanogenesis-related proteins, including MITF, TYR, CREB, p-CREB, and cAMP. RESULTS: UHPLC-TOF-MS analysis identified 36 compounds derived from EZP in serum samples. Network pharmacology predictions revealed 89 target proteins associated with the identified compounds and closely related to vitiligo. GO and KEGG analyses indicated the involvement of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in the promotion of melanogenesis by EZP. Experimental results showed that EZP increased tyrosinase activity and melanin content in zebrafish and B16F10 cells without inducing toxicity. Western blot and ELISA results suggested that the melanogenic effect of EZP may be related to the activation of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. These results confirm the feasibility of combining serum pharmacological and network pharmacological approaches. CONCLUSIONS: EZP have the potential to increase tyrosinase activity and melanin content in zebrafish and cells possibly through activation of the cAMP/PKA pathway.
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Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Melanoma Experimental , Vitíligo , Animales , Melaninas/metabolismo , Pez Cebra , Melanogénesis , Monofenol Monooxigenasa/metabolismo , Melanoma Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Melanoma Experimental/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Factor de Transcripción Asociado a Microftalmía/metabolismoRESUMEN
Multi-target detection combined with in-situ removal of contaminants is a challenging issue difficult to overcome. Herein, a dual-emissive Eu3+-metal organic framework (Eu3+-MOF) was constructed by pre-functionalization with a blue-emissive ligand and post-functionalization with red-emissive Eu3+ ions using a UiO-66 precursor. The fluorescence of the synthesized Eu3+-MOF is highly selective and sensitive toward malachite green (MG) and its metabolite leuco-malachite green (LMG), which are environmentally persistent and highly toxic to humans. The limit of detection of MG and LMG are 34.20 and 1.98 nM, respectively. Interestingly, the fluorescence of this Eu3+-MOF showed ratiometric but different responsive modes toward MG and LMG, which enabled the simultaneous quantification of MG and LMG. Furthermore, a paper-based sensor combined with the smartphone was fabricated, which facilitated not only the dual-channel detection of MG, but also its portable, visual, rapid, and intelligent determination. Furthermore, the high surface area of MOFs, together with the coordinate bonding interaction, π-π stacking, and electrostatic interaction sites, endows Eu3+-MOF with the efficient ability toward MG removal. This multifunctional Eu3+-MOF can be successfully used for trace detection, simultaneous determination of MG and LMG, as well as efficient removal of MG. Thus, it exhibits bright prospects for widespread applications in the field of food and environmental analysis.
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OBJECTIVE: To describe the imaging features of primary intraosseous meningiomas (PIMs) to aid an accurate diagnosis. METHODS: Clinical materials and radiological data for 9 patients with pathologically confirmed PIMs were reviewed comprehensively. RESULTS: Most lesions involved inner and outer plates of the calvaria and all were relatively well circumscribed. Upon computed tomography, portions of the solid neoplasm were hyperattenuated or isoattenuated. Hyperostosis was found in many lesions, but calcification was seen rarely. On magnetic resonance imaging, most neoplasms were hypointense on T1-weighted images, hyperintense on T2-weighted images, and heterogeneous on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images. In most cases, the soft tissue of neoplasms showed hyperintense on diffusion-weighted imaging and hypointense on apparent diffusion coefficient. All lesions were obviously enhanced after gadolinium administration. Each patient accepted surgical treatment and recurrence was not observed during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Primary intraosseous meningiomas are very rare tumors that occur usually in later life. They are well-defined and tend to involve the inner and outer plates of the calvaria, with a classic appearance of hyperostosis on computed tomography. Primary intraosseous meningiomas display hypointense on T1-weighted images, hyperintense on T2-weighted images, and hyperattenuated or isoattenuated on computed tomography. Hyperintense on diffusion-weighted imaging, hypointense on apparent diffusion coefficient can also be found. Obvious enhancement supplied additional information for an accurate diagnosis. A neoplasm with these features should raise the suspicion of a PIM.
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Hiperostosis , Neoplasias Meníngeas , Meningioma , Humanos , Medios de Contraste , Meningioma/diagnóstico por imagen , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Meníngeas/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
In the vertebrate brain, sensory experience plays a crucial role in shaping thalamocortical connections for visual processing. However, it is still not clear how visual experience influences tissue homeostasis and neurogenesis in the developing thalamus. Here, we reported that the majority of SOX2-positive cells in the thalamus are differentiated neurons that receive visual inputs as early as stage 47 Xenopus. Visual deprivation (VD) for 2 days shifts the neurogenic balance toward proliferation at the expense of differentiation, which is accompanied by a reduction in nuclear-accumulated ß-catenin in SOX2-positive neurons. The knockdown of ß-catenin decreases the expression of SOX2 and increases the number of progenitor cells. Coimmunoprecipitation studies reveal the evolutionary conservation of strong interactions between ß-catenin and SOX2. These findings indicate that ß-catenin interacts with SOX2 to maintain homeostatic neurogenesis during thalamus development.
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Evolución Biológica , beta Catenina , Animales , Homeostasis , Tálamo , Xenopus laevisRESUMEN
Vanillin, a plant-derived antimicrobial volatile substance, has potential microbial control applications in the food industry. However, the effect of vanillin on the food-borne pathogen Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 has not been well studied. This study aims to explore the antibacterial mechanism of vanillin against E. coli O157:H7. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and antibacterial effect of vanillin were determined by microdilution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the damage of vanillin to the cell membrane, while cell membrane potential and the leakage of nucleic acid protein were measured to explore the effect of vanillin on the membrane system. Confocal laser scanning and intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration determination were utilized to investigate the effects of vanillin on the energy, life, and death of E. coli. Finally, transcriptome sequencing was conducted to investigate the gene expression differences induced by vanillin treatment. The results showed that vanillin treatment effectively controlled E. coli O157:H7 with an MIC of 2 mg/mL. After treatment, damage to the membrane system, depolarization of the membrane, and leakage of nucleic acid and protein were observed. Meanwhile, vanillin treatment caused decreased ATP content and cell death. Transcriptome analysis showed that vanillin treatment significantly affected the expression of genes involved in cell membrane formation, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycling pathway, and oxidative phosphorylation pathway in E. coli O157:H7. In conclusion, membrane damage and energy metabolism disruption are important mechanisms of vanillin's inhibitory effect on E. coli O157:H7. This study provides new insights into the molecular reaction mechanism of vanillin against E. coli O157:H7, highlighting its potential as an antibacterial substance for preventing E. coli contamination in the food industry.
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Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence is a noninvasive, highly sensitive, and high-resolution modality with great potential for in vivo imaging. Compared with "Always-On" probes, activatable NIR fluorescent probes with "Turn-Off/On" or "Ratiometric" fluorescent signals at target sites exhibit better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), wherein enzymes are one of the ideal triggers for probe activation, which play vital roles in a variety of biological processes. In this review, we provide an overview of enzyme-activatable NIR fluorescent probes and concentrate on the design strategies and sensing mechanisms. We focus on the aggregation/dispersion state of fluorophores after the interaction of probes and enzymes and finally discuss the current challenges and provide some perspective ideas for the construction of enzyme-activatable NIR fluorescent probes.
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Colorantes Fluorescentes , Imagen ÓpticaRESUMEN
Apoptosis, with a hallmark of upregulated protease Caspase-3, has been frequently imaged with various probes to reveal the therapeutic efficiencies of different drugs. However, activatable molecular probes with programmable self-assembling behaviors that enable enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of apoptosis remain scarce. Herein, taking advantage of a CBT-Cys click reaction, we rationally designed a Caspase-3-activatable self-assembling probe Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-Cys(StBu)-Lys(DOTA(Gd))-CBT (DEVDCS-Gd-CBT) for apoptosis imaging in vivo. After Caspase-3 cleavage in apoptotic cells, DEVDCS-Gd-CBT underwent CBT-Cys click reaction to form a cyclic dimer, which self-assembled into Gd nanoparticles. With this probe, enhanced T1-weighted MR images of apoptosis were achieved at low magnetic fields in vitro, in cis-dichlorodiamineplatinum-induced apoptotic cells and in tail-amputation-simulated apoptotic zebrafish. We anticipate that the smart probe DEVDCS-Gd-CBT could be applied for T1-weighted MRI of apoptosis-related diseases in the clinic in the future.
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Gadolinio , Nanopartículas , Animales , Caspasa 3 , Pez Cebra , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Apoptosis , Medios de ContrasteRESUMEN
This study aims to explore the anti-depression mechanism of Zuojin Pills based on the plasma constituents, network pharmacology, and experimental verification. UHPLC-TOF-MS was used for qualitative analysis of Zuojin Pills-containing serum. Targets of the plasma constituents and the disease were retrieved from PharmMapper and GeneCards. Then the protein-protein interaction(PPI) network was constructed and core targets were screened for GO term enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment. Cytoscape 3.7.2 was employed construct the "compound-target-pathway" network and the targets and signaling pathways of Zuojin Pills against depression were predicted. CUMS-induced depression mouse model was established to verify the key targets. The results showed that a total of 21 constituents migrating to blood of Zuojin Pills were identified, which were mainly alkaloids. A total of 155 common targets of the constituents and the disease and 67 core targets were screened out. KEGG enrichment and PPI network analysis showed that Zuojin Pills may play a role in the treatment of depression through AMPK/SIRT1, NLRP3, insulin and other targets and pathways. Furthermore, the results of animal experiments showed that Zuojin Pills could significantly improve the depression behaviors of depression, reduce the levels of IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α in hippocampus and serum, activate AMPK/SIRT1 signaling, and reduce the protein expression of NLRP3. In conclusion, Zuojin Pills may play a role in the treatment of depression by activating AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway, and inhibiting NLRP3 activation and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of mice.
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Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Farmacología en Red , Animales , Ratones , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR , Sirtuina 1 , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Simulación del Acoplamiento MolecularRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: During multisensory emotion perception, the attention devoted to the visual versus the auditory modality (i.e., modality dominance) varies depending on the cultural background of the perceiver. In the present study, we examined (a) how cultural familiarity influences multisensory emotion perception in Eastern and Western cultures and (b) the underlying processes accounting for the cultural difference in modality dominance. METHOD: Native Mandarin speakers from China and native English speakers from the United States were presented with audiovisual emotional stimuli from their own culture (i.e., familiar) and from a different culture (i.e., unfamiliar) and asked to evaluate the emotion from one of the two modalities. Across modalities, the emotions were either the same (i.e., congruent, happy face, and happy voice) or different (i.e., incongruent, happy face, and sad voice). RESULTS: When the input was in a familiar cultural context, American participants were more influenced by the visual modality, while Chinese participants were more influenced by the auditory modality. While both groups integrated the incongruent emotion from the irrelevant modality, only the American group integrated the congruent emotion from the irrelevant modality. When the input was in a less familiar cultural context, both groups showed increased visual dominance, but only the Chinese group simultaneously showed decreased auditory dominance. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that cultural background and input familiarity interact to influence modality dominance during multisensory emotion perception. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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This study aimed to investigate the effect of Jiaotai Pills on protein expression in the hippocampus of the rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)-induced depression by quantitative proteomics and explore the anti-depression mechanism of Jiaotai Pills. The SD rats were randomized into control, model, Jiaotai Pills, and fluoxetine groups(n=8). Other groups except the control group were subjected to CUMS modeling for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks of continuous administration, the changes of behavior and pathological morphology of the hippocampal tissue were observed. Proteins were extracted from the hippocampal tissue, and bioinformatics analysis was performed for the differentially expressed proteins(DEPs) identified by quantitative proteomics. Western blot was employed to verify the key DEPs. The results showed that Jiaotai Pills significantly alleviated the depression behaviors and hippocampal histopathological changes in the rat model of CUMS-induced depression. A total of 5 412 proteins were identified in the hippocampus of rats, including 65 DEPs between the control group and the model group and 35 DEPs between the Jiaotai Pills group and the model group. There were 16 DEPs with the same trend in the Jiaotai Pills group and the control group, which were mainly involved in sphingolipid, AMPK, and dopaminergic synapse signaling pathways. The Western blot results of Ppp2r2b, Cers1, and Ndufv3 in the hippocampus were consistent with the results of proteomics. In conclusion, Jiaotai Pills may play an anti-depression role by modulating the levels of Ppp2r2b, Cers1, Ndufv3 and other proteins and regulating sphingolipid, AMPK, and dopaminergic synapse signaling pathways.
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Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP , Depresión , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Ratas , Animales , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Depresión/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP/metabolismo , Proteómica , Hipocampo , Estrés Psicológico/metabolismo , Esfingolípidos/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
Emotion perception frequently involves the integration of visual and auditory information. During multisensory emotion perception, the attention devoted to each modality can be measured by calculating the difference between trials in which the facial expression and speech input exhibit the same emotion (congruent) and trials in which the facial expression and speech input exhibit different emotions (incongruent) to determine the modality that has the strongest influence. Previous cross-cultural studies have found that individuals from Western cultures are more distracted by information in the visual modality (i.e., visual interference), whereas individuals from Eastern cultures are more distracted by information in the auditory modality (i.e., auditory interference). These results suggest that culture shapes modality interference in multisensory emotion perception. It is unclear, however, how emotion perception is influenced by cultural immersion and exposure due to migration to a new country with distinct social norms. In the present study, we investigated how the amount of daily exposure to a new culture and the length of immersion impact multisensory emotion perception in Chinese-English bilinguals who moved from China to the United States. In an emotion recognition task, participants viewed facial expressions and heard emotional but meaningless speech either from their previous Eastern culture (i.e., Asian face-Mandarin speech) or from their new Western culture (i.e., Caucasian face-English speech) and were asked to identify the emotion from either the face or voice, while ignoring the other modality. Analyses of daily cultural exposure revealed that bilinguals with low daily exposure to the U.S. culture experienced greater interference from the auditory modality, whereas bilinguals with high daily exposure to the U.S. culture experienced greater interference from the visual modality. These results demonstrate that everyday exposure to new cultural norms increases the likelihood of showing a modality interference pattern that is more common in the new culture. Analyses of immersion duration revealed that bilinguals who spent more time in the United States were equally distracted by faces and voices, whereas bilinguals who spent less time in the United States experienced greater visual interference when evaluating emotional information from the West, possibly due to over-compensation when evaluating emotional information from the less familiar culture. These findings suggest that the amount of daily exposure to a new culture and length of cultural immersion influence multisensory emotion perception in bilingual immigrants. While increased daily exposure to the new culture aids with the adaptation to new cultural norms, increased length of cultural immersion leads to similar patterns in modality interference between the old and new cultures. We conclude that cultural experience shapes the way we perceive and evaluate the emotions of others.