RESUMEN
Maize rough dwarf disease (MRDD), caused by maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV) or rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), seriously threatens worldwide production of all major cereal crops, including maize, rice, wheat and barley. Here we report fine mapping and cloning of a previously reported major quantitative trait locus (QTL) (qMrdd2) for RBSDV resistance in maize. Subsequently, we show that qMrdd2 encodes a G2-like transcription factor named ZmGLK36 that promotes resistance to RBSDV by enhancing jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis and JA-mediated defence response. We identify a 26-bp indel located in the 5' UTR of ZmGLK36 that contributes to differential expression and resistance to RBSDV in maize inbred lines. Moreover, we show that ZmDBF2, an AP2/EREBP family transcription factor, directly binds to the 26-bp indel and represses ZmGLK36 expression. We further demonstrate that ZmGLK36 plays a conserved role in conferring resistance to RBSDV in rice and wheat using transgenic or marker-assisted breeding approaches. Our results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of RBSDV resistance and effective strategies to breed RBSDV-resistant cereal crops.
Asunto(s)
Oryza , Virus de Plantas , Grano Comestible/genética , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Zea mays/genética , Fitomejoramiento , Sitios de Carácter Cuantitativo , Enfermedades de las Plantas/genética , Oryza/genética , Virus de Plantas/genéticaRESUMEN
The low water-resistance and limited antibacterial activity of chitosan (CS) film hinder its practical applications in food preservation field. To solve these issues, we have facilely and effectively fabricated cinnamon essential oil (CEO)-loaded composite films via incorporating cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-stabilized CEO Pickering emulsions into CS-based film-forming matrix. Research results show the well distribution of emulsion droplets in film matrix. The insertion of CEO emulsions can improve film water-resistance and antibacterial activity, but reduces its mechanical strength. Concretely, the water contact angle and inhibition zone of composite films can increase by about 12.3° and 2 times compared with CS control film. Compared with tween-80, CNCs can increase film tensile strength by about 3.52 MPa and observably offset the decline of film mechanical property by CEO. Moreover, the film prepared with 3 w/v% CNC stabilized 30 v/v% CEO Pickering emulsion not only enhances pork preservation, but also maintain its structural stability. The fabricated antimicrobial films have considerable potential for packaging application.