RESUMEN
The paucity of selective agonists for TWIK-related acid-sensitive K+ 3 (TASK-3) channel, a member of two-pore domain K+ (K2P) channels, has contributed to our limited understanding of its biological functions. By targeting a druggable transmembrane cavity using a structure-based drug design approach, we discovered a biguanide compound, CHET3, as a highly selective allosteric activator for TASK-3-containing K2P channels, including TASK-3 homomers and TASK-3/TASK-1 heteromers. CHET3 displayed potent analgesic effects in vivo in a variety of acute and chronic pain models in rodents that could be abolished pharmacologically or by genetic ablation of TASK-3. We further found that TASK-3-containing channels anatomically define a unique population of small-sized, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8)-, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1)-, or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive nociceptive sensory neurons and functionally regulate their membrane excitability, supporting CHET3 analgesic effects in thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia under chronic pain. Overall, our proof-of-concept study reveals TASK-3-containing K2P channels as a druggable target for treating pain.
Asunto(s)
Analgésicos/farmacología , Activación del Canal Iónico , Canales de Potasio/metabolismo , Analgésicos/química , Animales , Biguanidas/química , Biguanidas/farmacología , Ganglios Espinales/efectos de los fármacos , Ganglios Espinales/metabolismo , Activación del Canal Iónico/efectos de los fármacos , Ligandos , Ratones Noqueados , Nocicepción/efectos de los fármacos , Canales de Potasio/deficiencia , Ratas , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Células Receptoras Sensoriales/efectos de los fármacos , Células Receptoras Sensoriales/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Acute myeloid leukemia is a disorder characterized by abnormal differentiation of myeloid cells and a clonal proliferation derived from primitive hematopoietic stem cells. Interventions that overcome myeloid differentiation have been shown to be a promising therapeutic strategy for acute myeloid leukemia. In this study, we demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase leads to apoptosis and normal differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cells, indicating that dihydroorotate dehydrogenase is a potential differentiation regulator and a therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia. By screening a library of natural products, we identified a novel dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor, isobavachalcone, derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Psoralea corylifolia Using enzymatic analysis, thermal shift assay, pull down, nuclear magnetic resonance, and isothermal titration calorimetry experiments, we demonstrate that isobavachalcone inhibits human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase directly, and triggers apoptosis and differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cells. Oral administration of isobavachalcone suppresses subcutaneous HL60 xenograft tumor growth without obvious toxicity. Importantly, our results suggest that a combination of isobavachalcone and adriamycin prolonged survival in an intravenous HL60 leukemia model. In summary, this study demonstrates that isobavachalcone triggers apoptosis and differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cells via pharmacological inhibition of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for acute myeloid leukemia.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Oxidorreductasas actuantes sobre Donantes de Grupo CH-CH/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Apoptosis/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor , Diferenciación Celular/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Chalconas/química , Chalconas/farmacología , Dihidroorotato Deshidrogenasa , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Expresión Génica , Técnicas de Silenciamiento del Gen , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/metabolismo , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/mortalidad , Ratones , Modelos Moleculares , Estructura Molecular , Células Madre Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Oxidorreductasas actuantes sobre Donantes de Grupo CH-CH/genética , Oxidorreductasas actuantes sobre Donantes de Grupo CH-CH/metabolismo , Pronóstico , Interferencia de ARN , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
After cultivation of ginseng, ginsenosides, which are the major active ingredients of gingeng, were approved for use by the food industry, and began to be used as added functional ingredients to try to improve the quality and price of functional foods. However, the interaction between different types of ginsenosides and nutrients needs further study. We investigated the effect of B-complex vitamins (which are essential nutrients) on the pharmacokinetics of the ginsenosides protopanaxatriol-type saponin Rg1, protopanaxadiol-type saponin Rb1, and oleanolic acid-type saponin Ro after oral administration. Ginsenosides Rg1, Rb1, and Ro, with or without B-complex vitamins, respectively, were administered orally to rats to evaluate their pharmacokinetics. The concentration of ginsenosides in plasma was determined by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were fitted using WinNonlin v6.2. After oral coadministration with B-complex vitamins, the area under the concentration-time curve from zero to infinity (AUC0-∞) of ginsenoside Rg1 was reduced by 70%, that of ginsenoside Rb1 was reduced by 43%, and that of ginsenoside Ro was reduced by 34%. The AUC0-∞ of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 showed significant differences between different treatments, but the AUC0-∞ of ginsenoside Ro did not. These results suggest significant ginsenoside-nutrient interactions between ginsenosides Rg1, Rb1, and B-complex vitamins.
