Extracellular Vesicles Obtained From Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells Cultured Under Intermittent Hypoxia Induce M2 Macrophage Polarization via miR-20a-5p Delivery.

Conclusion: These findings indicate that EVs obtained from lung adenocarcinoma cells cultured under IH deliver miR-20a-5p to promote M2 macrophage polarization by targeting PTEN.

Klotho inhibits the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome to alleviate lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory injury in A549 cells and restore mitochondrial function through SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Acute lung injury is a severe clinical condition constituting a major cause of mortality in intensive care units. This study aimed to investigate the role of klotho in alleviating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury. LPS-induced acute lung injury was used to simulate the acute lung injury caused by severe pneumonia in vitro. The viability and apoptosis of A549 cells were detected by cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry. The inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function in A549 cells were analyzed by commercial assay kits and 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethyl-benzimidazolyl carbocyanine iodide (JC-1) staining. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins, Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway-related proteins, and NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) expression in A549 cells was detected by western blot. The mtDNA synthase level in A549 cells was analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that, klotho had no cytotoxic effect on A549 cells. The viability and mitochondrial function were inhibited and apoptosis, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress were aggravated in LPS-induced A549 cells, which were all reversed by klotho. Klotho activated the SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway to inhibit the LPS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in A549 cells. However, EX527, a SIRT1 inhibitor, attenuated the klotho effect to suppress viability and mitochondrial function and promoted apoptosis, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress of A549 cells. In conclusion, klotho inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome to alleviate LPS-induced inflammatory injury of A549 cells and restore mitochondrial function through activating the SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Features of osteoporosis in male patients with bronchiectasis, a cross-sectional study.

Background: Osteoporosis increases the burden and disease related adverse events of comorbidities in some chronic disease. The relationships between osteoporosis and bronchiectasis are not fully understood. This cross-sectional study explores the features of osteoporosis in male patients with bronchiectasis. Methods: From January 2017 to December 2019, male patients (age >50 years) with stable bronchiectasis were included, as were normal subjects. Data on demographic characteristics and clinical features were collected. Results: Totally, 108 male patients with bronchiectasis and 56 controls were analyzed. Osteoporosis was observed in 31.5% (34/108) of patients with bronchiectasis and 17.9% (10/56) of controls (P=0.001). The T-score negatively correlated with age (R=-0.235, P=0.014) and bronchiectasis severity index score (BSI; R=-0.336, P<0.001). BSI score ≥9 was a major factor associated with osteoporosis [odd ratio (OR) =4.52; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.57-12.96; P=0.005]. Other factors associated with osteoporosis included body-mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2 (OR =3.44; 95% CI: 1.13-10.46; P=0.030), age ≥65 years (OR =2.87; 95% CI: 1.01-7.55; P=0.033), and a smoking history (OR =2.78; 95% CI: 1.04-7.47; P=0.042). Conclusions: The prevalence of osteoporosis was higher in male bronchiectasis patients than that in controls. Factors including age, BMI, smoking history, and BSI were associated with osteoporosis. Early diagnosis and treatment might be of great value in prevention and management of osteoporosis in patients with bronchiectasis.

A Novel Triple Crosslinking Strategy on Carbon Nanofiber Membranes as Flexible Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

In order to solve the problem of low electrical conductivity of carbon nanofiber membranes, a novel triple crosslinking strategy, including pre-rolling, solvent and chemical imidization crosslinking, was proposed to prepare carbon nanofiber membranes with a chemical crosslinking structure (CNMs-CC) derived from electrospinning polyimide nanofiber membranes. The physical-chemical characteristics of CNMs-CC as freestanding anodes for lithium-ion batteries were investigated in detail, along with carbon nanofiber membranes without a crosslinking structure (CNMs) and carbon nanofiber membranes with a physical crosslinking structure (CNMs-PC) as references. Further investigation demonstrates that CNMs-CC exhibits excellent rate performance and long cycle stability, compared with CNMs and CNMs-PC. At 50 mA g-1, CNMs-CC delivers a reversible specific capacity of 495 mAh g-1. In particular, the specific capacity of CNMs-CC is still as high as 290.87 mAh g-1 and maintains 201.38 mAh g-1 after 1000 cycles at a high current density of 1 A g-1. The excellent electrochemical performance of the CNMs-CC is attributed to the unique crosslinking structure derived from the novel triple crosslinking strategy, which imparts fast electron transfer and ion diffusion kinetics, as well as a stable structure that withstands repeated impacts of ions during charging and discharging process. Therefore, CNMs-CC shows great potential to be the freestanding electrodes applied in the field of flexible lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors owing to the optimized structure strategy and improved properties.

Trihexyphenidyl induced malignant hyperthermia in a patient with Parkinson's disease complicated with pneumonia: A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Drug-induced fever is easy to overlook in respiratory departments. High fever is a rare side effect of trihexyphenidyl, which can be used clinically to treat Parkinson's disease. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is a group of clinical syndromes caused by various diseases, resulting in water retention and refractory hyponatremia. However, pneumonia combined with malignant hyperthermia and SIADH has rarely been reported. We describe an unusual case of malignant hyperthermia and refractory hyponatremia due to trihexyphenidyl adverse reaction. PATIENT CONCERNS: Fifty-five-year-old male with pneumonia presented with malignant hyperthermia and refractory hyponatremia has a history of Parkinson's disease. DIAGNOSIS: Early considerations related the described hyperthermia findings to the manifestations of pneumonia. However, the last findings were due to trihexyphenidyl adverse reaction. INTERVENTIONS: Broad-spectrum antibiotics, oral and intravenous supplement of concentrated sodium chloride, drug, and physical cooling. OUTCOMES: The patient survived. During the 3-month follow up, the patient was no recurrence of fever or hyponatremia. CONCLUSION: High fever and SIADH can be a rare adverse reaction to trihexyphenidyl. Therefore, possible drug factors should be considered in the case. Consideration of other possible causes can improve early diagnosis and treatment of patients with fever of unknown origins.