The aging lung: microenvironment, mechanisms, and diseases.

With the development of global social economy and the deepening of the aging population, diseases related to aging have received increasing attention. The pathogenesis of many respiratory diseases remains unclear, and lung aging is an independent risk factor for respiratory diseases. The aging mechanism of the lung may be involved in the occurrence and development of respiratory diseases. Aging-induced immune, oxidative stress, inflammation, and telomere changes can directly induce and promote the occurrence and development of lung aging. Meanwhile, the occurrence of lung aging also further aggravates the immune stress and inflammatory response of respiratory diseases; the two mutually affect each other and promote the development of respiratory diseases. Explaining the mechanism and treatment direction of these respiratory diseases from the perspective of lung aging will be a new idea and research field. This review summarizes the changes in pulmonary microenvironment, metabolic mechanisms, and the progression of respiratory diseases associated with aging.

Efficient photocatalytic nitrogen fixation via oxygen vacancies in Zr-MOFs at ambient conditions.

Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation is seen to be a potential technology for nitrogen reduction due to its eco-friendliness, low energy consumption, and environmental protection. In this study, photocatalysts with abundant oxygen vacancies (Zr-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid (Zr-NDC) and Zr-phthalic acid (Zr-BDC)) were designed using 1,4-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid (H2NDC) and 1,4-phthalic acid (H2BDC) as ligands. Since the structure of H2NDC includes one extra benzene ring than H2BDC, the charge density differential of the organic ligand is probably altered. The hypothesis is proved by density function theory (DFT) calculation. The abundant oxygen vacancies of the catalyst offer numerous active sites for nitrogen fixation. Concurrently, the process of ligand-metal charge transfer facilitates photo-electron transfer, creating an active center for nitrogen reduction. Additionally, the functionalization of ligand amplifies another pathway for charge transfer, broadening the light absorption range of Metal-organic framework (MOF) and increasing its capacity for nitrogen reduction. In contrast to H2BDC, the benzene ring added in H2NDC structure acts as an electron energy storage tank with a stronger electron density difference favorable for photogenerated electron-hole separation resulting in higher photocatalytic activity in Zr-NDC. The experimental results show that the nitrogen fixation efficiency of Zr-NDC is 163.7 µmol g-1h-1, which is significantly better than that of Zr-BDC (29.3 µmol g-1h-1). This work utilizes cost-effective and non-toxic ingredients to design highly efficient photocatalysts, thereby significantly contributing to the practical implementation of green chemistry principles.

Suppression of lysosome metabolism-meditated GARP/TGF-ß1 complexes specifically depletes regulatory T cells to inhibit breast cancer metastasis.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) prevent autoimmunity and contribute to cancer progression. They exert contact-dependent inhibition of immune cells through the production of active transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1). However, the absence of a specific surface marker makes inhibiting the production of active TGF-ß1 to specifically deplete human Tregs but not other cell types a challenge. TGF-ß1 in an inactive form binds to Tregs membrane protein Glycoprotein A Repetitions Predominant (GARP) and then activates it via an unknown mechanism. Here, we demonstrated that tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 interacting protein 3 (TRAF3IP3) in the Treg lysosome is involved in this activation mechanism. Using a novel naphthalenelactam-platinum-based anticancer drug (NPt), we developed a new synergistic effect by suppressing ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 9 (ABCB9) and TRAF3IP3-mediated divergent lysosomal metabolic programs in tumors and human Tregs to block the production of active GARP/TGF-ß1 for remodeling the tumor microenvironment. Mechanistically, NPt is stored in Treg lysosome to inhibit TRAF3IP3-meditated GARP/TGF-ß1 complex activation to specifically deplete Tregs. In addition, by promoting the expression of ABCB9 in lysosome membrane, NPt inhibits SARA/p-SMAD2/3 through CHRD-induced TGF-ß1 signaling pathway. In addition to expose a previously undefined divergent lysosomal metabolic program-meditated GARP/TGF-ß1 complex blockade by exploring the inherent metabolic plasticity, NPt may serve as a therapeutic tool to boost unrecognized Treg-based immune responses to infection or cancer via a mechanism distinct from traditional platinum drugs and currently available immune-modulatory antibodies.

How well global dietary intake estimates agree: a case of sodium consumption.

Global dietary data repositories are key components of nutrition surveillance. The two most comprehensive databases, the Global Dietary Database (GDD) and the Global Burden Disease (GBD), provide national dietary intake estimates but use different data sources and models to generate estimates. To explore the agreement between GDD and GBD estimates, we compared country-specific average daily sodium intakes in 169 countries over a 28-year period using descriptive statistics, the Bland-Altman method, and prevalence exceeding the intake reference level of 2.3 g/day. We detected a staggering 36% difference between GDD and GBD estimates of global mean intakes (2.68 ± 0.74 vs. 3.88 ± 1.15 g/day, respectively; p < 0.0001). As 104 (61.5%) countries reported to have over-consumed sodium by both databases, the development of standardized approaches for national dietary intake estimation is critical for monitoring global sodium intake in a systematic and comprehensive way and for implementing global strategies to reduce sodium intake.

Role of extracellular vesicles in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common health threat to men worldwide, and castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) is the leading cause of PCa-related deaths. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer compartments secreted by living cells that are important mediators of intercellular communication. EVs regulate the biological processes of recipient cells by transmitting heterogeneous cargoes, contributing to CRPC occurrence, progression, and drug resistance. These EVs originate not only from malignant cells, but also from various cell types within the tumor microenvironment. EVs are widely dispersed throughout diverse biological fluids and are attractive biomarkers derived from noninvasive liquid biopsy techniques. EV quantities and cargoes have been tested as potential biomarkers for CRPC diagnosis, progression, drug resistance, and prognosis; however, technical barriers to their clinical application continue to exist. Furthermore, exogenous EVs may provide tools for new therapies for CRPC. This review summarizes the current evidence on the role of EVs in CRPC.

Distinct patterns of voxel- and connection-based white matter hyperintensity distribution and associated factors in early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: The distribution of voxel- and connection-based white matter hyperintensity (WMH) patterns in early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), as well as factors associated with these patterns, remain unclear. Method: We analyzed the WMH distribution patterns in EOAD and LOAD at the voxel and connection levels, each compared with their age-matched cognitively unimpaired participants. Linear regression assessed the independent effects of amyloid and vascular risk factors on WMH distribution patterns in both groups. Results: Patients with EOAD showed increased WMH burden in the posterior region at the voxel level, and in occipital region tracts and visual network at the connection level, compared to controls. LOAD exhibited extensive involvement across various brain areas in both levels. Amyloid accumulation was associated WMH distribution in the early-onset group, whereas the late-onset group demonstrated associations with both amyloid and vascular risk factors. Discussion: EOAD showed posterior-focused WMH distribution pattern, whereas LOAD was with a wider distribution. Amyloid accumulation was associated with connection-based WMH patterns in both early-onset and late-onset groups, with additional independent effects of vascular risk factors in late-onset group. Highlights: Both early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) and late-onset AD (LOAD) showed increased white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume compared with their age-matched cognitively unimpaired participants.EOAD and LOAD exhibited distinct patterns of WMH distribution, with EOAD showing a posterior-focused pattern and LOAD displaying a wider distribution across both voxel- and connection-based levels.In both EOAD and LOAD, amyloid accumulation was associated with connection-based WMH patterns, with additional independent effects of vascular risk factors observed in LOAD.

From gut to brain: understanding the role of microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease.

With the proposal of the "biological-psychological-social" model, clinical decision-makers and researchers have paid more attention to the bidirectional interactive effects between psychological factors and diseases. The brain-gut-microbiota axis, as an important pathway for communication between the brain and the gut, plays an important role in the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease. This article reviews the mechanism by which psychological disorders mediate inflammatory bowel disease by affecting the brain-gut-microbiota axis. Research progress on inflammatory bowel disease causing "comorbidities of mind and body" through the microbiota-gut-brain axis is also described. In addition, to meet the needs of individualized treatment, this article describes some nontraditional and easily overlooked treatment strategies that have led to new ideas for "psychosomatic treatment".

Biological effects and mechanism of ß-amyloid aggregation inhibition by penetrable recombinant human HspB5-ACD structural domain protein.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a global medical challenge. Studies have shown that neurotoxicity caused by pathological aggregation of ß-amyloid (Aß) is an important factor leading to AD. Therefore, inhibiting the pathological aggregation of Aß is the key to treating AD. The recombinant human HspB5-ACD structural domain protein (AHspB5) prepared by our group in the previous period has been shown to have anti-amyloid aggregation effects, but its inability to penetrate biological membranes has limited its development. In this study, we prepared a recombinant fusion protein (T-AHspB5) of TAT and AHspB5. In vitro experiments showed that T-AHspB5 inhibited the formation of Aß1-42 protofibrils and had the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier; in cellular experiments, T-AHspB5 prevented Aß1-42-induced oxidative stress damage, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses in neuronal cells, and its mechanism of action was related to microglia activation and mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway. In animal experiments, T-AHspB5 improved memory and cognitive dysfunction and inhibited pathological changes of AD in APP/PS1 mice. In conclusion, this paper is expected to reveal the intervention mechanism and biological effect of T-AHspB5 on pathological aggregation of Aß1-42, provide a new pathway for the treatment of AD, and lay the foundation for the future development and application of T-AHspB5.

Microwave Depolymerization of Lignin via Dynamic Vapor Flow Reaction System: HCOOH as Pretreatment Solvent or Reforming Solvent Vapor.

Different forms of HCOOH in the depolymerization system play an important role in governing the monomeric products from lignin. We reported two strategies for the introduction of HCOOH to enrich the monophenols from kraft lignin by microwave-assisted depolymerization. The reaction of lignin models showed that HCOOH was in favor of the cleavage of C-O bonds (ß-O-4 typically) and partial C-C bonds (Cα-Cß). Subsequently, Microwave-assisted depolymerization of lignin with two strategies was conducted via a designed dynamic vapor flow reaction system. Strategy A with HCOOH as pretreatment solvent showed excellent monophenols enrichment with total mass yields of 193.71 mg/g (lignin basis). Strategy B using HCOOH as reforming solvent vapor significantly increased the monophenols selectivity. It presented unique reforming and upgrading performance by generating catechol (42.59 mg/g, lignin basis) and homovanillic acid (17.58 mg/g, lignin basis). This study provided potential strategies for the efficient conversion of kraft lignin into high-value platform chemicals.

Epidemiology and Prognostic Nomogram for Predicting Long-Term Disease-Specific Survival in Patients With Pancreatic Carcinoid Tumor: A SEER-Based Study.

OBJECTIVES: Pancreatic carcinoid tumor (PCT) is described as a malignant form of carcinoid tumors. However, the epidemiology and prognostic factors for PCT are poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data of 2447 PCT patients were included in this study from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database and randomly divided into a training cohort (1959) and a validation cohort (488). The epidemiology of PCT was calculated, and independent prognostic factors were identified to construct a prognostic nomogram for predicting long-term disease-specific survival (DSS) among PCT patients. RESULTS: The incidence of PCT increased remarkably from 2000 to 2018. The 1-, 5-, and 10-year DSS rates were 96.4%, 90.3%, and 86.5%, respectively. Age at diagnosis, stage, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were identified as independent prognostic factors to construct a prognostic nomogram. The C -indices; area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for predicting 1-, 5-, and 10-year DSS, and calibration plots of the nomogram in both cohorts indicated a high discriminatory accuracy, preferable survival predictive ability, and optimal concordances, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of PCT has increased rapidly since 2000. In addition, we established a practical, effective, and accurate prognostic nomogram for predicting the long-term DSS of PCT patients.

Seasonal Variations in Vitamin D Levels and the Incident Dementia Among Older Adults Aged ≥60 Years in the UK Biobank.

Background: Limited knowledge exists regarding the association between dementia incidence and vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency across seasons. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of seasonal serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels on dementia and its subtypes, considering potential modifiers. Methods: We analyzed 193,003 individuals aged 60-73 at baseline (2006-2010) from the UK Biobank cohort, with follow-up until 2018. 25(OH)D were measured at baseline, and incident dementia cases were identified through hospital records, death certificates, and self-reports. Results: Out of 1,874 documented all-cause dementia cases, the median follow-up duration was 8.9 years. Linear and nonlinear associations between 25(OH)D and dementia incidence across seasons were observed. In multivariable-adjusted analysis, 25(OH)D deficiency was associated with a 1.5-fold (95% CIs: 1.2-2.0), 2.2-fold (1.5-3.0), 2.0-fold (1.5-2.7), and 1.7-fold (1.3-2.3) increased incidence of all-cause dementia in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. Adjusting for seasonal variations, 25(OH)D insufficiency and deficiency were associated with a 1.3-fold (1.1-1.4) and 1.8-fold (1.6-2.2) increased dementia incidence, respectively. This association remained significant across subgroups, including baseline age, gender, and education levels. Furthermore, 25(OH)D deficiency was associated with a 1.4-fold (1.1-1.8) and 1.5-fold (1.1-2.0) higher incidence of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, respectively. These associations remained significant across all subgroups. Conclusions: 25(OH)D deficiency is associated with an increased incidence of dementia and its subtypes throughout the year.

Melatonin delayed senescence by modulating the contents of plant signalling molecules in postharvest okras.

Okra has been widely cultivated worldwide. Consumers appreciate its nutritional value and delicious taste. However, okra is very perishable after harvest because of rapid senescence and high susceptibility to mechanical injuries, which limits its storage life and reduces consumer acceptance. This study examined the influence of melatonin treatment on senescence process and endogenous plant signalling molecules in postharvest okras. The results indicated that melatonin treatment delayed senescence by increasing the endogenous melatonin content through upregulation of its biosynthetic genes. In addition, the treatment increased the contents of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellin (GA) due to the positive modulation of their metabolic and signalling genes. Furthermore, treated okras exhibited higher levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) but lower abscisic acid (ABA) content, contributing to the delayed senescence process compared to control. Overall, the findings suggested that melatonin postponed senescence in okras fruit by positively regulating endogenous signalling molecules such as melatonin, IAA, GABA, GA, and ABA.

High-Performance p-Type Bi2Te3-Based Thermoelectric Materials Enabled via Regulating Bi-Te Ratio.

Bi2Te3-based alloys, as the sole commercial thermoelectric (TE) material, play an irreplaceable role in the thermoelectric field. However, the low TE efficiency, poor mechanical properties, and high cost have limited its large-scale applications. Here, high-performance p-type Bi2Te3-based materials were successfully prepared by ball milling and hot pressing. The optimized p-type Bi0.55Sb1.45Te3 + 2.5 wt % Bi shows a peak zT value of 1.45 at 360 K, and the average zT value of up to 1.24 at 300-480 K, which is completely comparable with previously reported Bi2Te3-based alloys with excellent performance. Such performance mainly results from the enhanced electrical conductivity and decreased lattice thermal conductivity via regulating carrier and phonon transport. Furthermore, this material shows good mechanical properties, in which the Vickers hardness and compressive strength are up to 0.95 GPa and 94.6 MPa, respectively. Overall, both the thermoelectric and mechanical performance of the materials fabricated by our processing technology are quite competitive. This may enlighten researchers concentrating on Bi2Te3-based alloys, thus further promoting their industrial applications.

ProFun: A web server for functional enrichment analysis of parasitic protozoan genes.

BACKGROUND: The initial step to interpreting putative biological functions from comparative multi-omics studies usually starts from a differential expressed gene list followed by functional enrichment analysis (FEA). However, most FEA packages are designed exclusively for humans and model organisms. Although parasitic protozoan is the most important pathogen in the tropics, no FEA package is available for protozoan functional (ProFun) enrichment analysis. To speed up comparative multi-omics research on parasitic protozoans, we constructed ProFun, a web-based, user-friendly platform for the research community. METHODS: ProFun utilizes the Docker container, ShinyProxy, and R Shiny to construct a scalable web service with load-balancing infrastructure. We have integrated a series of visual analytic functions, in-house scripts, and custom-made annotation packages to create three analytical modules for 40 protozoan species: (1) Gene Overlaps; (2) Over-representation Analysis (ORA); (3) Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). RESULTS: We have established ProFun, a web server for functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes. FEA becomes as simple as pasting a list of gene IDs into the textbox of our website. Users can customize enrichment parameters and results with just one click. The intuitive web interface and publication-ready charts enable users to reveal meaningful biological events and pinpoint potential targets for further studies. CONCLUSION: ProFun is the first web application that enables gene functional enrichment analysis of parasitic protozoans. In addition to supporting FEA analysis, ProFun also allows the comparison of FEA results across complicated experimental designs. ProFun is freely available at http://dalek.cgu.edu.tw:8080/app/profun.

Recent Advances in Hepatic Metabolic Regulation by the Nuclear Factor Rev-erbɑ.

Rev-erbɑ (NR1D1) is a nuclear receptor superfamily member that plays a vital role in mammalian molecular clocks and metabolism. Rev-erbɑ can regulate the metabolism of drugs and the body's glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and adipogenesis. It is even one of the important regulatory factors regulating the occurrence of metabolic diseases (e.g., diabetes, fatty liver). Metabolic enzymes mediate most drug metabolic reactions in the body. Rev-erbɑ has been recognized to regulate drug metabolic enzymes (such as Cyp2b10 and Ugt1a9). Therefore, this paper mainly reviewed that Rev-erbɑ regulates I and II metabolic enzymes in the liver to affect drug pharmacokinetics. The expression of these drug metabolic enzymes (up-regulated or down-regulated) is related to drug exposure and effects/ toxicity. In addition, our discussion extends to Rev-erbɑ regulating some transporters (such as P-gp, Mrp2, and Bcrp), as they also play an essential role in drug metabolism. Finally, we briefly describe the role and mechanism of nuclear receptor Rev-erbɑ in lipid and glucose homeostasis, obesity, and metabolic disorders syndrome. In conclusion, this paper aims to understand better the role and mechanism of Rev-erbɑ in regulating drug metabolism, lipid, glucose homeostasis, obesity, and metabolic disorders syndrome, which explores how to target Rev-erbɑ to guide the design and development of new drugs and provide scientific reference for the molecular mechanism of new drug development, rational drug use, and drug interaction.

Supernatant of platelet-Klebsiella pneumoniae coculture induces apoptosis-like death in Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains, especially carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae, have become a rapidly emerging crisis worldwide, greatly limiting current therapeutic options and posing new challenges to infection management. Therefore, it is imperative to develop novel and effective biological agents for the treatment of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae infections. Platelets play an important role in the development of inflammation and immune responses. The main component responsible for platelet antibacterial activity lies in the supernatant stimulated by gram-positive bacteria. However, little research has been conducted on the interaction of gram-negative bacteria with platelets. Therefore, we aimed to explore the bacteriostatic effect of the supernatant derived from platelet-K. pneumoniae coculture and the mechanism underlying this effect to further assess the potential of platelet-bacterial coculture supernatant. We conducted this study on the gram-negative bacteria K. pneumoniae and CRKP and detected turbidity changes in K. pneumoniae and CRKP cultures when grown with platelet-K. pneumoniae coculture supernatant added to the culture medium. We found that platelet-K. pneumoniae coculture supernatant significantly inhibited the growth of K. pneumoniae and CRKP in vitro. Furthermore, transfusion of platelet-K. pneumoniae coculture supernatant alleviated the symptoms of K. pneumoniae and CRKP infection in a murine model. Additionally, we observed apoptosis-like changes, such as phosphatidylserine exposure, chromosome condensation, DNA fragmentation, and overproduction of reactive oxygen species in K. pneumoniae following treatment with the supernatant. Our study demonstrates that the platelet-K. pneumoniae coculture supernatant can inhibit K. pneumoniae growth by inducing an apoptosis-like death, which is important for the antibacterial strategies development in the future.IMPORTANCEWith the widespread use of antibiotics, bacterial resistance is increasing, and a variety of multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria have emerged, which brings great challenges to the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, finding new strategies to inhibit Gram-negative bacteria and even multi-drug- resistant Gram-negative bacteria is crucial for treating infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, improving the abuse of antibiotics, and maintaining the balance between bacteria and antibiotics. K. pneumoniae is a common clinical pathogen, and drug-resistant CRKP is increasingly difficult to cure, which brings great clinical challenges. In this study, we found that the platelet-K. pneumoniae coculture supernatant can inhibit K. pneumoniae growth by inducing an apoptosis-like death. This finding has inspired the development of future antimicrobial strategies, which are expected to improve the clinical treatment of Gram-negative bacteria and control the development of multidrug-resistant strains.

Retinal Vascular Measurements and Mortality Risk: Evidence From the UK Biobank Study.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the association between quantitative retinal vascular measurements and the risk of all-cause and premature mortality. Methods: In this population-based cohort study using the UK Biobank data, we employed the Retina-based Microvascular Health Assessment System to assess fundus images for image quality and extracted 392 retinal vascular measurements per fundus image. These measurements encompass six categories of vascular features: caliber, density, length, tortuosity, branching angle, and complexity. Univariate Cox regression models were used to identify potential indicators of mortality risk using data on all-cause and premature mortality from death registries. Multivariate Cox regression models were then used to test these associations while controlling for confounding factors. Results: The final analysis included 66,415 participants. After adjusting for demographic, health, and lifestyle factors and genetic risk score, 18 and 10 retinal vascular measurements were significantly associated with all-cause mortality and premature mortality, respectively. In the fully adjusted model, the following measurements of different vascular features were significantly associated with all-cause mortality and premature mortality: arterial bifurcation density (branching angle), number of arterial segments (complexity), interquartile range and median absolute deviation of arterial curve angle (tortuosity), mean and median values of mean pixel widths of all arterial segments in each image (caliber), skeleton density of arteries in macular area (density), and minimum venular arc length (length). Conclusions: The study revealed 18 retinal vascular measurements significantly associated with all-cause mortality and 10 associated with premature mortality. Those identified parameters should be further studied for biological mechanisms connecting them to increased mortality risk. Translational Relevance: This study identifies retinal biomarkers for increased mortality risk and provides novel targets for investigating the underlying biological mechanisms.

Citric acid/chitosan adhesive with viscosity-controlled for wood bonding through supramolecular self-assembly.

Developing bio-based sustainable wood adhesives is significant as a substitute for petroleum-derived adhesives. However, the existing bio-based adhesives have disadvantages of complex fabrication, uncontrollable viscosity, and poor water resistance. Herein, we developed a citric acid/chitosan adhesive with viscosity-controlled and water-resistant features by one-step dissolution at room temperature based on the supramolecular self-assembly strategy. Different wood products (plywood, laminated veneer lumber and particleboard) with superior performance were prepared by applying that adhesive on veneer and wood particles (fine and rough particles). The plywood test results showed that the citric acid/chitosan adhesive had dry and wet shear strengths outperforming the China National Standard (GB/T 9846-2015, ≥0.7 MPa), reaching 2.1 and 1.1 MPa, respectively. The adhesion mechanism was mechanical interlocks and cross-linking of citric acid/chitosan in adhesives with those in the cell wall. This work provides high promise for alternatives to traditional unsustainable wood adhesives (urea-formaldehyde, melamine-urea-formaldehyde and phenolic resins) for fabricating different wood products.

A comparative study of platelet storage lesion in platelet-rich plasma under cryopreservation.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has significant potential for various applications and holds clinical value in regenerative medicine. Cryopreservation is used to extend the preservation period of PRP, facilitating its clinical application. However, the potential negative effects of long-term cryopreservation on platelet storage lesion are still uncertain. In this study, PRP was stored at - 30 °C or - 80 °C. Platelet count, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, and CD62P expression were assessed on the 14th and 28th days. The study also evaluated platelet mitochondria morphology and function, serotonin (5-HT) secretion by platelets, and the inflammatory activating effect of cryopreserved platelets in PRP. The results showed that there were no significant differences in platelet count, the content of 5-HT, and inflammatory effects between fresh PRP and PRP cryopreserved at both - 30 °C and - 80 °C. However, there was an increase in ROS level, apoptosis, and CD62P level after cryopreservation at both temperatures. Additionally, the levels of ROS, apoptosis, and CD62P in platelets were similar after storage at - 30 °C and - 80 °C. The main difference observed was that the morphology and function of mitochondria were severely damaged after storage at - 30 °C, while they were less affected at - 80 °C. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that storing PRP at - 80 °C is more suitable for achieving a better therapeutic effect in clinical applications, but cryopreservation could not replace the current standard.

Microstructured Polyfluoroacrylate Elastomeric Dielectric Layer for Highly Stretchable Wide-Range Capacitive Pressure Sensors.

Capacitive pressure sensors capable of replicating human tactile senses have garnered tremendous attention. Introducing microstructures into the dielectric layer is an effective approach to improve the sensitivity of the sensors. However, most reported processes to fabricate microstructured dielectric layers are complicated and time-consuming and usually have adverse effects on the mechanical properties. Herein, we report a mechanically strong and highly stretchable dielectric layer fabricated from a microstructured fluorinated elastomer with a high dielectric constant (5.8 at 1000 Hz) via a simple and low-cost thermal decomposition process. Capacitive pressure sensors based on this microstructured fluorinated elastomer dielectric layer and soft ionotronic electrodes illustrate an impressing stretchability (>300%), a high pressure sensitivity (17 MPa-1), a wide detection range (70 Pa-800 kPa), and a fast response time (below 300 ms). Moreover, the multipixel capacitive pressure sensors sensing array maintains the unique spatial tactile sensing performance even under significant tensile deformation. It is believed that our microstructured fluorinated elastomer dielectric layer might find wide applications in stretchable ionotronic devices.