RESUMEN
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metal elements are commonly considered hazardous air pollutants due to their toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic properties. However, few studies have simultaneously examined their potential sources and health effects. This study aimed to quantify the PAHs and metal elements in atmospheric PM2.5, investigating their characteristics and potential sources to assess associated health risks in the northern metropolitan area of Taiwan. The measurements indicated that the mean concentrations of total PAHs and metal elements in PM2.5 were 0.97±0.52 ng m-3 and 590±200 ng m-3, respectively. Utilizing the positive matrix factorization profiles, the PAH pollution was classified into two sources: industrial emissions, traffic emissions, and coal combustion (69%) were the predominant sources of PAHs, with petroleum volatilization and biomass burning (31%) making a lesser contribution. Similarly, we traced metal elements to three potential sources: natural sources (48%), a combined source of industrial emissions, coal combustion, and traffic exhaust (32%), and a blend of non-exhaust emissions from traffic and waste incineration sources (20%). Results from the potential source contribution function model suggested that the emissions of PAHs and metals could be influenced by the eastern regions of China, although local sources, including waste incinerators, traffic, shipping, and harbor activities, were identified as the primary contributors. Source-attributed excess cancer risk revealed that industry, traffic, and coal combustion had the highest cancer risk posed by PAHs in the cold period (1.0×10-5), while the greatest cancer risk among metal elements was linked to non-exhaust emissions from traffic and waste incineration emissions (2.0×10-5). This research underscores the importance of considering source contributions to health risk and emission reduction when addressing PM2.5 pollution. These findings have direct implications for policymakers, providing them with valuable insights to develop strategies that protect public health from the detrimental effects of PAH and metal element exposure.
RESUMEN
In recent years, there has been a growing concern about air pollution and its impact on the air quality and human health, especially for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its associated secondary aerosols in urban areas. This study conducted a year-long field campaign to collect PM2.5 samples day and night in an urban area of central Taiwan. Higher PM2.5 mass concentrations were observed in winter (27.7 ± 9.7 µg/m3), followed by autumn (22.5 ± 8.3 µg/m3), spring (19.2 ± 6.4 µg/m3), and summer (11.0 ± 3.1 µg/m3). The dominant formation mechanism of secondary inorganic aerosols was heterogeneous reactions of NO3- at night and homogeneous reactions of SO42- during the day. Additionally, significant correlations were observed between aerosol liquid water content (ALWC) and NO3- during nighttime, indicating the importance of aqueous-phase NO3- formation. The role of aerosol acidity was explored and a unique alkaline condition was found in spring and summer, which showed lower PM2.5 concentrations than the neutralized condition. Under the neutralized condition, higher PM2.5 concentrations were commonly found when combining the ammonium-rich regime with molar ratios of [NO3-]/[SO42-] exceeding 1.6, suggesting the importance of reducing both NH3 and NOx. Furthermore, the results showed that reducing NH3 should be prioritized under high temperature conditions, while reducing NOx became important under low temperature conditions. Clustering of backward trajectories showed that long-range transport could enhance the formation of secondary aerosols, but local emissions emerged as the main factor driving high PM2.5 concentrations. This study provides insights for policymakers to improve air quality, suggesting that different mitigation strategies should be formulated based on meteorological variables and that using clean energy for vehicles and electricity generation is important to alleviate air pollution.
RESUMEN
In recent decades, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the primary organic pollutants associated with particulate matter (PM), have attracted significant attention due to their carcinogenic and mutagenic potential. However, past studies have lacked exploration into the diurnal variation characteristics of PAHs, primarily due to limited analytical technical capabilities. This study utilized a thermal-desorption device coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS) to identify the levels of PAHs in PM2.5 during short periods (3-hr) and aimed to investigate the diurnal variations, possible sources, and potential health risks associated with PM2.5-bound PAHs in northern Taiwan. The mean concentration of total PAHs in PM2.5 was 1.22 ± 0.69 ng m-3 during the sampling period, with high molecular weight PAHs dominating. Source apportionment by the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model indicated that industrial emissions and traffic emissions (57.7 %) were the predominant sources of PAHs, with petroleum volatilization and coal/biomass combustion (42.3 %) making a lesser contribution. Diurnal variations of industrial and traffic emissions showed higher concentrations during traffic rush hours, while petroleum volatilization and coal/biomass combustion displayed higher concentrations at noon. Results from the potential source contribution function (PSCF) and the concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) model suggested that industrial emissions and traffic emissions mostly originated from local sources and were concentrated in the vicinity of the sampling site and the coastal area of western Taiwan. Source-attributed excess cancer risk (ECR) showed that industrial and traffic emissions had the highest cancer risks during morning traffic peak hours (1.69 ×10-5), while petroleum volatilization and coal/biomass combustion reached the maximum at noon (4.75 ×10-6). As a result, efforts to reduce PAH emissions from industrial and vehicle exhaust sources, especially during morning traffic hours, can help mitigate their adverse impact on human health.
Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Atmosféricos , Material Particulado , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos , Estaciones del Año , Taiwán , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/análisis , Material Particulado/análisis , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Emisiones de Vehículos/análisis , Humanos , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de MasasRESUMEN
Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) comprises a diverse array of carbonaceous species, and the impact of carbonaceous aerosols (CA) extends to both long-term and short-term effects on human health and the environment. Understanding the distinctive composition of CA is crucial for gaining insights into the origins of airborne particulate matter. Due to their diverse physicochemical properties and intricate heterogeneous reactions, CA often exhibits temporal and spatial variations. Ground-based and highly time-resolved apportionment methods play a vital role in discerning CA emissions. This study utilized high-time resolution data of total carbon (TC) and black carbon (BC) for CA apportionment in northern Taiwan. The advanced numerical model (TC-BC(λ)), coupled with continuous measurement data, facilitated CA allocation based on optical absorption characteristics, organic or elemental carbon composition, and the distinction between primary and secondary origins. Primary carbonaceous aerosols dominated the monitoring site, accounting for 67.5 % compared to the 32.5 % contribution from secondary forms of CA. The summer season exhibited a maximum increase in secondary organic aerosols (SOA) at 41.5 %. Diurnal variations for primary emissions, such as BCc and primary organic aerosols (POA), showed marked peaks for BCff and POAnon-abs during morning rush hours. In contrast, BCbb and POABrC displayed bimodal peaks with increased concentrations during evening hours. Conversely, SOA exhibited significantly different diurnal trends, with SOABrC peaking late at night due to aqueous phased reactions and a noontime peak of SOAnon-abs observed due to photo-oxidation processes. Furthermore, the study employed backward trajectory analysis and concentration-weighted trajectories (CWTs) to examine the long-range transport of CA, identifying potential sources, origins, and transport patterns of CA components to the receptor site in Taiwan during different seasons.
RESUMEN
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and black carbon (BC) often coexist in PM2.5 because both form during the incomplete combustion of organic matter. These compounds are regarded as hazardous air pollutants with potential health effects, including respiratory and cardiovascular effects. In this study, to evaluate the health risks of PAHs and BC at an urban site in northern Taiwan, 16 priority PAHs and BC, identified by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, were analyzed and quantified in PM2.5 to determine their concentrations, their relationship with each other, and their likely sources. The results indicated that the mean concentrations of total PAHs and BC were 0.91 ng m-3 and 0.97 µg m-3, respectively, with a significant positive correlation between them, indicating the same emission sources. The results also indicated that fossil fuel combustion and traffic emissions were primary contributors to PAHs, with wood and biomass combustion playing a less prominent role. Among these 16 priority PAHs, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene served as major carcinogenic compounds, accounting for 89.0% of the total carcinogenic toxicity. Thus, the lifetime excess cancer risk resulting from PAH exposure was estimated as 8.03 × 10-6, indicating a potential carcinogenic risk to human health at the sampling site. Overall, this study highlights the need for future mitigation policies for traffic emissions and fossil fuel combustion for reducing the local emissions of BC and co-produced PAHs in northern Taiwan.
RESUMEN
This study aimed to investigate the spatial distribution of metal elements in PM10 and their potential sources and associated health risks over a period of two years in eight locations in the central part of western Taiwan. The study revealed that the mass concentration of PM10 and the total mass concentration of 20 metal elements in PM10 were 39.0 µg m-3 and 4.74 µg m-3, respectively, with total metal elements accounting for approximately 13.0% of PM10. Of the total metal elements, 95.6% were crustal elements (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, and Na), with trace elements (As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Ga, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, V, and Zn) contributing only 4.4%. Spatially, the inland areas exhibited higher PM10 concentrations due to lee-side topography and low wind speeds. In contrast, the coastal regions exhibited higher total metal concentrations because of the dominance of crustal elements from sea salt and crustal soil. Four primary sources of metal elements in PM10 were identified as sea salt (58%), re-suspended dust (32%), vehicle emissions and waste incineration (8%), and industrial emissions and power plants (2%). The positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis results indicated that natural sources like sea salt and road dust contributed up to 90% of the total metal elements in PM10, while only 10% was attributed to human activities. The excess cancer risks (ECRs) associated with As, Co, and Cr(VI) were greater than 1 × 10-6, and the total ECR was 6.42 × 10-5. Although only 10% of total metal elements in PM10 came from human activities, they contributed to 82% of the total ECR.
Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Atmosféricos , Oligoelementos , Humanos , Material Particulado/análisis , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Carcinógenos/análisis , Taiwán , Polvo/análisis , Metales/análisis , Oligoelementos/análisis , Medición de RiesgoRESUMEN
Nonequilibrium hidden states provide a unique window into thermally inaccessible regimes of strong coupling between microscopic degrees of freedom in quantum materials. Understanding the origin of these states allows the exploration of far-from-equilibrium thermodynamics and the development of optoelectronic devices with on-demand photoresponses. However, mapping the ultrafast formation of a long-lived hidden phase remains a longstanding challenge since the initial state is not recovered rapidly. Here, using state-of-the-art single-shot spectroscopy techniques, we present a direct ultrafast visualization of the photoinduced phase transition to both transient and long-lived hidden states in an electronic crystal, 1T-TaS2, and demonstrate a commonality in their microscopic pathways, driven by the collapse of charge order. We present a theory of fluctuation-dominated process that helps explain the nature of the metastable state. Our results shed light on the origin of this elusive state and pave the way for the discovery of other exotic phases of matter.
RESUMEN
This paper presents a 300 GHz waveguide bandpass filter based on asymmetric inductive irises. The coupling matrix synthesis technique is used to design a 6-pole Chebyshev filter. In addition, an artificial neural network is applied to provide the filter geometries using the desired frequency response. The optimized filter is fabricated by the computer numeric controlled milling process. The measurement results show that the insertion loss is less than 3 dB and the return loss is better than 17 dB in the range 276-310 GHz.
RESUMEN
Cancer cells have dramatically increased demands for energy as well as biosynthetic precursors to fuel their restless growth. Enhanced glutaminolysis is a hallmark of cancer metabolism which fulfills these needs. Two glutamine transporters, SLC1A5 and SLC38A2, have been previously reported to promote glutaminolysis in cancer with controversial perspectives. In this study, we harnessed the proximity labeling reaction to map the protein interactome using mass spectrometry-based proteomics and discovered a potential protein-protein interaction between SLC1A5 and SLC38A2. The SLC1A5/SLC38A2 interaction was further confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay. We further investigated the metabolic influence of SLC1A5 and SLC38A2 overexpression in human cells, respectively, and found that only SLC38A2, but not SLC1A5, resulted in a cancer-like metabolic profile, where the intracellular concentrations of essential amino acids and lactate were significantly increased as quantified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Finally, we analyzed the 5-year survival rates in a large pan-cancer cohort and found that the SLC1A5hi /SLC38A2lo group did not relate to a poor survival rate, whereas the SLC1A5lo /SLC38A2hi group significantly aggravated the lethality. Intriguingly, the SLC1A5hi /SLC38A2hi group resulted in an even worse prognosis, suggesting a cooperative effect between SLC1A5 and SCL38A2. Our data suggest that SLC38A2 plays a dominant role in reprogramming the cancer-like metabolism and promoting the cancer progression, whereas SLC1A5 may augment this effect when co-overexpressed with SLC38A2. We propose a model to explain the relationship between SLC1A5, SLC38A2 and SCL7A5, and discuss their impact on glutaminolysis and mTOR signaling.
Asunto(s)
Sistema de Transporte de Aminoácidos ASC/metabolismo , Sistema de Transporte de Aminoácidos A/metabolismo , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Menor/metabolismo , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Sistema de Transporte de Aminoácidos A/genética , Glutamina/metabolismo , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Pronóstico , Transducción de Señal , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismoRESUMEN
Highway vehicle emissions can result in adverse health problems to nearby residents and workers, especially during traffic congestion. In response, the policy to implement electronic toll collection (ETC) has helped alleviate traffic congestion, as compared to manual toll collection (MTC) and has led to reduced air pollution and improved public health. However, the effect of ETC in reducing particulate matter polluting the air is not well understood, especially in the ultrafine particle (UFP) range (particle diameter <100 nm). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate how ETC affects the traffic pattern and air quality, especially UFP and PM2.5. We selected a site in Tainan, Taiwan, and measured UFP and PM2.5 concentrations before and after the construction of the ETC system. The computed traffic volumes during peak travel periods (7:00 AM to 9:00 AM and 4:00 PM to 6:00 PM) respectively, accounted for approximately 23-25% and 14-18% before and after the implementation of ETC, indicating that peak traffic volumes were more homogeneous after ETC. Moreover, the results indicate that the full implementation of ETC can help reduce UFP number concentrations and PM2.5 mass concentrations in the highway downwind area by 4 × 103 #/cm3 and 20.5 µg/m3, respectively. After the full implementation of the ETC, significant reductions in both the UFP number concentration and PM2.5 mass concentration were seen. Furthermore, excessive lifetime cancer risks (ELCR) from exposure to PM2.5 and UFP together were reduced 49.3% after the implementation of the ETC. Accordingly, ETC not only helps alleviate traffic congestion but also reduces traffic emissions and lifetime cancer risk for people living or working near highways.
Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Atmosféricos , Contaminación del Aire , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , Contaminación del Aire/análisis , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Humanos , Tamaño de la Partícula , Material Particulado/análisis , Taiwán , Emisiones de Vehículos/análisisRESUMEN
Environmental friendly building materials (BMs) get more attention due to their potential to reduce carbon and air pollutant emissions. However, recycled building materials (RBMs) have no required standard of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions. This study was mainly about the assessment of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), as well as carbonyls emissions from recycled building materials, including gypsum board (GB), calcium silicate board (CSB), fiber cement board (FCB), class I built wall tile (WT), and waterproof gypsum board (WGB). The highest initial and final levels of BTEX were observed on CSB, followed by GB and FCB, and no detectable BTEX were observed on WT and WGB. Benzene was with the highest level among all identified BTEX. Emissions of carbonyls were observed on all materials. The highest initial and final levels of carbonyls were observed on GB, followed by FCB and CSB, while the lowest ones were detected on WT and WGB. The final (96-h) steady-state emissions of BTEX from GB and CSB were 9 and 37 times those from conventional pairs and 27 and 41 times those from low-VOC pairs. Similarly, the final steady-state emissions of carbonyls from GB and CSB were 4.8 and 1.3 times those from conventional pairs and 16 and 2.5 times those from low-VOC pairs. The requirement of evaluation standard for VOC emissions from RBMs is highly recommended to protect consumers. Graphical abstract.
Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Atmosféricos , Materiales de Construcción , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , Benceno/análisis , Derivados del Benceno/análisis , Materiales de Construcción/análisis , Reciclaje , Tolueno/análisis , Xilenos/análisisRESUMEN
Proximity labeling (PL) and chemical cross-linking (XL) mass spectrometry are two powerful methods to dissect protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in cells. Although PL typically captures neighboring proteins within a range of 10-20 nm of a single bait protein, chemical XL defines direct protein-protein contacts within 1 nm in a systemic manner. Here, we develop a new method, named PL/XL-MS, to harness the advantages of both PL and XL. PL/XL-MS can enrich a subcellular compartment by PL and simultaneously identify PPIs of multiple proteins from XL data. We applied PL/XL-MS to dissect the human nuclear envelope interactome. PL/XL-MS successfully enriched the nuclear envelope proteins and identified most known inner nuclear membrane proteins. By searching the cross-linked peptides, we successfully observed 109 literature-curated PPIs of 14 nuclear envelope proteins. Based on the homoprotein XL data, we experimentally characterized a nuclear matrix protein, Matrin-3, and observed its preferential localization near the nuclear envelope. PL/XL-MS is a simple and general method for studying protein networks in a subproteome of interest.
Asunto(s)
Membrana Nuclear , Proteómica , Reactivos de Enlaces Cruzados , Disección , Humanos , Espectrometría de Masas , ProteínasRESUMEN
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs (typically consisting of 18-25 nucleotides) that negatively control expression of target genes at the post-transcriptional level. Owing to the biological significance of miRNAs, miRTarBase was developed to provide comprehensive information on experimentally validated miRNA-target interactions (MTIs). To date, the database has accumulated >13,404 validated MTIs from 11,021 articles from manual curations. In this update, a text-mining system was incorporated to enhance the recognition of MTI-related articles by adopting a scoring system. In addition, a variety of biological databases were integrated to provide information on the regulatory network of miRNAs and its expression in blood. Not only targets of miRNAs but also regulators of miRNAs are provided to users for investigating the up- and downstream regulations of miRNAs. Moreover, the number of MTIs with high-throughput experimental evidence increased remarkably (validated by CLIP-seq technology). In conclusion, these improvements promote the miRTarBase as one of the most comprehensively annotated and experimentally validated miRNA-target interaction databases. The updated version of miRTarBase is now available at http://miRTarBase.cuhk.edu.cn/.
Asunto(s)
Bases de Datos de Ácidos Nucleicos , MicroARNs/metabolismo , MicroARN Circulante/metabolismo , Minería de Datos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Interfaz Usuario-ComputadorRESUMEN
Transition metal oxides possess complex free-energy surfaces with competing degrees of freedom. Photoexcitation allows shaping of such rich energy landscapes. In epitaxially strained La_{0.67}Ca_{0.33}MnO_{3}, optical excitation with a sub-100-fs pulse above 2 mJ/cm^{2} leads to a persistent metallic phase below 100 K. Using single-shot optical and terahertz spectroscopy, we show that this phase transition is a multistep process. We conclude that the phase transition is driven by partial charge-order melting, followed by growth of the persistent metallic phase on longer timescales. A time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau model can describe the fast dynamics of the reflectivity, followed by longer timescale in-growth of the metallic phase.
RESUMEN
Information on the effect of open-field burning of agricultural residues on ambient black carbon (BC) mass and size-resolved particle number concentrations is scarce. In this study, to understand the effect of such open-field burning on short-term air quality, real-time variations of the BC mass and size-resolved particle number concentrations were monitored before and during a corn straw open-field burning episode at a rural site. Correlations between the BC mass and size-resolved particle number concentrations during the episode were investigated. Moreover, the particle number size distribution and absorption Ångström exponent were determined for obtaining the characteristics of aerosol emissions from the corn straw open-field burning. The results can be used to address public health concerns and as a reference for managing similar episodes of open-field burning of agricultural residues.
Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , Granjas , Tamaño de la Partícula , Material Particulado/análisis , Hollín/análisis , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Incendios , Taiwán , Zea maysRESUMEN
The primary aim of this work is to explore the effect of resin content and the effect of substrate on the emission of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) and carbonyls from low-VOC water-based wall paint. Four low-volatile organic compound (VOC) paints include paints A (20% acrylic), B (30% acrylic), C (20% polyvinyl acetate), and D (30% polyvinyl acetate) were painted on stainless steel specimen for the study of resin effect. Green calcium silicate, green cement, and stainless steel were painted with paints A and C for the study of substrate effect. Concentrations of the VOCs in the chamber decreased with the elapsed time. Both resin type and resin quantity in paint had effects on VOC emissions. Paints with acrylic resin emitted less BTEX and carbonyls than paints with polyvinyl acetate resin. However, the effects of resin quantity varied with VOCs. Porous substrates were observed to interact more strongly with paints than inert substrates. Both green calcium silicate and green cement substrates have strong power of adsorption of VOCs from wall paints, namely toluene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, 2-butanone, methacrolein, butyraldehyde, and benzaldehyde. Some compounds like toluene, formaldehyde, and butyaldehyde were desorbed very slowly from green calcium silicate and green cement substrates.
Asunto(s)
Contaminación del Aire Interior/análisis , Aldehídos/análisis , Pintura/análisis , Resinas Sintéticas/análisis , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/análisis , Agua/química , Benceno/análisis , Derivados del Benceno/análisis , Porosidad , Propiedades de Superficie , Tolueno/análisis , Xilenos/análisisRESUMEN
Microscopy based on non-fluorescent absorption dye staining is widely used in various fields of biomedicine for 400 years. Unlike its fluorescent counterpart, non-fluorescent absorption microscopy lacks proper methodologies to realize its in vivo applications with a sub-femtoliter 3D resolution. Regardless of the most advanced high-resolution photoacoustic microscopy, sub-femtoliter spatial resolution is still unattainable, and the imaging speed is relatively slow. In this paper, based on the two-photon photoacoustic mechanism, we demonstrated a in vivo label free laser-scanning photoacoustic imaging modality featuring high frame rates and sub-femtoliter 3D resolution simultaneously, which stands as a perfect solution to 3D high resolution non-fluorescent absorption microscopy. Furthermore, we first demonstrated in vivo label-free two-photon acoustic microscopy on the observation of non-fluorescent melanin distribution within mouse skin.
Asunto(s)
Melaninas/aislamiento & purificación , Microscopía/métodos , Técnicas Fotoacústicas , Piel/ultraestructura , Animales , Melaninas/metabolismo , Ratones , Piel/metabolismoRESUMEN
Methylglyoxal (MG) has been found to cause inflammation and insulin resistance in vitro and in vivo in recent studies. Resveratrol has been proposed as an effective treatment that helps lower the risk of developing complications of diabetes. To study the significance of glycosylation-related stress on the pathology of diabetes, the effects of resveratrol were examined in a mouse model of diabetes induced by MG. Resveratrol was given via oral gavage in MG-treated mice, and diabetes-related tests and markers were assessed using biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses. Treatment with resveratrol markedly improved blood glucose level from the oral glucose tolerance test and promoted nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) phosphorylation (p < 0.05) in the pancreas of MG-treated mice. However, these effects were abolished by retinoic acid, Nrf2 inhibitor, in resveratrol and retinoic acid-treated and MG-induced mice. These findings support that resveratrol may be useful in the treatment of type-2 diabetes by protecting against pancreatic cell dysfunction.
Asunto(s)
Hiperglucemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Pancreáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Piruvaldehído/efectos adversos , Estilbenos/farmacología , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Glucemia/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa , Hiperglucemia/inducido químicamente , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Insulina/sangre , Proteínas Sustrato del Receptor de Insulina/genética , Proteínas Sustrato del Receptor de Insulina/metabolismo , Resistencia a la Insulina , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/genética , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Páncreas/citología , Páncreas/efectos de los fármacos , Páncreas/metabolismo , Enfermedades Pancreáticas/inducido químicamente , Fosforilación , ResveratrolRESUMEN
In vivo harmonic generation microscopy (HGM) has been applied successfully in healthy human skin and can achieve a submicron resolution, similar to histopathologic examination, even at a penetration depth up to 270 µm. This study aims to investigate the clinical applicability of HGM imaging for differential diagnosis of nonmelanoma pigmented skin lesions. A total of 42 pigmented skin tumors, including pigmented basal cell carcinoma, melanocytic nevus, and seborrheic keratosis were evaluated by HGM ex vivo or in vivo. Based on the standard histopathologic characteristics, we established the corresponding HGM imaging criteria for each pigmented tumor. Diagnostic performance of HGM for differentiating nonmelanoma pigmented skin tumors was evaluated through the observers' direct general assessment (overall evaluation) or the presence of two imaging criteria with the highest sensitivity and specificity (major criteria evaluation). Our results show that, based on the direct general assessment, the sensitivity is 92% [95% confidence interval (CI): 67 to 97%] and the specificity is 96% (95% CI: 83 to 99%); by major criteria evaluation, 94% sensitivity (95% CI: 70 to 99%) and 100% specificity (95% CI: 87 to 100%) are achieved. Our study indicates that HGM serves as a promising histopathological examination tool for noninvasive differential diagnostics of nonmelanoma pigmented skin tumors.
Asunto(s)
Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/métodos , Microscopía/métodos , Imagen Óptica/métodos , Enfermedades de la Piel/diagnóstico , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma Basocelular/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Histocitoquímica , Humanos , Queratosis Seborreica/diagnóstico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nevo Pigmentado/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Piel/clasificación , Enfermedades de la Piel/patología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
In order to achieve high-resolution deep-tissue imaging, multi-photon fluorescence microscopy and photoacoustic tomography had been proposed in the past two decades. However, combining the advantages of these two imaging systems to achieve optical-spatial resolution with an ultrasonic-penetration depth is still a field with challenges. In this paper, we investigate the detection of the two-photon photoacoustic ultrasound, and first demonstrate background-free two-photon photoacoustic imaging in a phantom sample. To generate the background-free two-photon photoacoustic signals, we used a high-repetition rate femtosecond laser to induce narrowband excitation. Combining a loss modulation technique, we successfully created a beating on the light intensity, which not only provides pure sinusoidal modulation, but also ensures the spectrum sensitivity and frequency selectivity. By using the lock-in detection, the power dependency experiment validates our methodology to frequency-select the source of the nonlinearity. This ensures our capability of measuring the background-free two-photon photoacoustic waves by detecting the 2nd order beating signal directly. Furthermore, by mixing the nanoparticles and fluorescence dyes as contrast agents, the two-photon photoacoustic signal was found to be enhanced and detected. In the end, we demonstrate subsurface two-photon photoacoustic bio-imaging based on the optical scanning mechanism inside phantom samples.