Marine fish assemblages of Eastern Brazil: An update after the world's largest mining disaster and suggestions of functional groups for biomonitoring long-lasting effects.

When the Fundão dam collapsed in Brazil, 50 million m3 of iron ore tailings were released into the Doce river, resulting in the world's largest mining disaster. The contaminated mud was transported 668 km downstream of the Doce river and reached the Atlantic Ocean 17 days after the collapse. Seven months later, there was evidence that the tailings had reached the largest and richest coral reef formation in the South Atlantic Ocean. This study provides the first description of species composition, abundance, and diversity patterns of fish assemblages in estuaries, coastal areas, and coral reefs affected by the rupture of the mining dam in the Doce river. A linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to evaluate the influence of salinity on fish abundance across estuarine and coastal ecosystems. In addition, based on functional traits related to habitat use and feeding habits, this study identified fish species suitable as bioindicators of the long-lasting effects of this major mining disaster. Bottom trawls were used to sample five estuaries and their respective coastal areas, and a visual census was employed to sample five reef areas, representing an impact gradient. A total of 269 species were recorded in all three habitats, but only seven were shared among them. The results showed lower similarity in assemblages among estuarine areas compared to the coastal and reef areas. Species composition among estuaries and reef ecosystems was more heterogeneous. In contrast, coastal habitats exhibited high homogeneity. Salinity had no statistically significant effect on fish abundance either in estuaries (p = 0.22) and along the coast (p = 0.14). Twelve fish species were identified as suitable bioindicators for evaluating the long-lasting effects of resuspension of contaminated sediments. These species are commonly found in the ecosystems under the influence of the disaster inhabiting potentially contaminated substrates and substrate-associated benthic preys.

Rendimiento de cerdos alimentados con raciones conteniendo subproductos de arroz, durante la fase de crecimiento / Performance of growing swines fed with a diet containing rice subproducts

Objetivo. Evaluar el rendimiento de cerdos alimentados con raciones conteniendo subproductos de arroz durante la fase de crecimiento. Materiales y métodos. Fueron utilizados 40 lechones mestizos de 31.26 ± 4.62 kg, distribuidos en un diseño experimental de bloques al azar, con los siguientes tratamientos 1. Control, ración basal; 2. Ración con 100% de sustitución de maíz por arroz partido; 3. Ración con 50% de sustitución de maíz por arroz partido; 4. 100% de substitución de maíz por harina de arroz integral y 5. Ración con 50% de substitución de maíz por harina de arroz integral. Resultados. En todas las fases evaluadas (I, II y fase total) fue observado un pobre desempeño de los cerdos alimentados con las raciones conteniendo harina de arroz integral, con efectos negativos más evidentes cuando el maíz fue totalmente sustituido por este subproducto (1.467 kg de consumo diario de ración y 0.512 kg de ganancia diaria de peso). La sustitución total o parcial de maíz por arroz partido no afectó el desempeño de los cerdos en crecimiento (1.681 y 1.733 kg de consumo diario de ración y 0.703 y 0.708 kg de ganancia de peso respectivamente). La peor conversión alimenticia (2.87) fue obtenida con la sustitución total del maíz por harina de arroz integral. Conclusiones. El maíz puede ser substituido en 100% en raciones para cerdos en crecimiento por arroz partido y en 50% por harina de arroz integral sin perjudicar La ganancia de peso, el consumo de ración y La conversión alimenticia.

Comportamento e parâmetros fisiológicos de leitões nas primeiras 24 horas de vida / Valuation of behavior and physiologic parameters of the first 24 hours of sucking pigs life

Um experimento foi conduzido no setor de Suinocultura da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento e parâmetros fisiológicos de leitões nas primeiras 24 horas de vida. Foram utilizados 82 leitões de genética comercial para crescimento rápido, sendo realizadas observações a cada cinco minutos do comportamento dos animais. Foram mensuradas as temperaturas retal e de superfície, além da freqüência respiratória em intervalo de uma hora. Os resultados obtidos com o estudo comportamental demonstraram que os leitões passam mais da metade (53,8 por cento) do seu primeiro dia de vida dormindo dedicando somente 31,2 por cento à ingestão de leite. A temperatura retal dos leitões recém nascidos e a temperatura superficial da pele aumentaram (P<0,05) após nove horas de vida. Entretanto, a temperatura superficial no pernil não foi influenciada (P>0,05) nas primeiras 24 horas de vida. A freqüência respiratória não foi influenciada (P>0,05). Leitões recém-nascidos com genética para alta deposição de tecido magro apresentam reação ao ambiente logo nas primeiras horas de vida. A elevação das temperaturas retal e superficial dos animais evidenciaram tentativa de controle termorregulatório a partir da nona hora de vida.

An experiment was carried out in the swine sector of North Fluminense State University to evaluate the behavior and physiological parameters of piglets in the first 24 hours of life. A total of 82 growing piglets from commercial genetic lines were used. Observations of individual piglet behavior were made each five minutes. Rectal and superficial temperature of the piglets were evaluated. Moreover, respiratory frequency was observed each one-hour interval. Results showed that piglets take a little more than half of their first day of life time sleeping (53,8 percent) and only 31,2 percent sucking. Rectal and superficial temperature increased after nine hours of life. However, superficial temperature of ham and respiratory frequency were not influenced. Newborn piglets from commercial genetic lines showed reaction to environment in the first hour of life. Moreover, the increase in rectal and superficial temperature evidenced attempt to maintain thermoregulatory control after nine hours of life.