RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to identify the source and the transmission pathway for a Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) outbreak in a maternity setting in Italy over 2 months, during 2014; to implement appropriate control measures in order to prevent the epidemic spread within the maternity ward; and to identify the Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) epidemic clone. METHODS: Epidemiological and microbiological investigations, based on phenotyping and genotyping methods, were performed. All neonates involved in the outbreak underwent clinical and microbiological investigations to detect the cause of illness. Parents and healthcare workers were screened for Staphylococcus aureus to identify asymptomatic carriers. RESULTS: The SSSS outbreak was due to the cross-transmission of a rare clone of ST5-CA-MRSA-SCCmecV-spa type t311, exfoliative toxin A-producer, isolated from three neonates, one mother (from her nose and from dermatological lesions due to pre-existing hand eczema) and from a nurse (colonized in her nose by this microorganism). The epidemiological and microbiological investigation confirmed these as two potential carriers. CONCLUSIONS: A rapid containment of these infections was obtained only after implementation of robust swabbing of mothers and healthcare workers. The use of molecular methodologies for typing was able to identify all carriers and to trace the transmission.
Asunto(s)
Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , Infección Hospitalaria/transmisión , Brotes de Enfermedades , Transmisión de Enfermedad Infecciosa de Profesional a Paciente/prevención & control , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/aislamiento & purificación , Síndrome Estafilocócico de la Piel Escaldada/microbiología , Síndrome Estafilocócico de la Piel Escaldada/transmisión , Adulto , Portador Sano , Infección Hospitalaria/epidemiología , Brotes de Enfermedades/prevención & control , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Italia/epidemiología , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/clasificación , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/genética , Madres , Salas Cuna en Hospital , Enfermeras y Enfermeros , Estudios Retrospectivos , Síndrome Estafilocócico de la Piel Escaldada/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
A newborn girl of 36 weeks gestation was noted to have several anomalies, including bilateral low ear attachment with ear pinnae hypertrichosis, left preauricular pit, micrognathia, short lingual frenulum, and short neck. Pregnancy history revealed poorly controlled maternal gestational diabetes (GD). Localized hypertrichosis of the ear pinnae may represent a potential marker of GD and thereby alert physicians to suspect other potentially GD-associated conditions such as macrosomia, asphyxia, respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hyperbilirubinemia, polycythemia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and congenital anomalies, particularly those involving the central nervous system.
