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1.
Cell ; 185(11): 1943-1959.e21, 2022 05 26.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35545089

RESUMEN

Parthanatos-associated apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) nuclease (PAAN), also known as macrophage migration inhibitor factor (MIF), is a member of the PD-D/E(X)K nucleases that acts as a final executioner in parthanatos. PAAN's role in Parkinson's disease (PD) and whether it is amenable to chemical inhibition is not known. Here, we show that neurodegeneration induced by pathologic α-synuclein (α-syn) occurs via PAAN/MIF nuclease activity. Genetic depletion of PAAN/MIF and a mutant lacking nuclease activity prevent the loss of dopaminergic neurons and behavioral deficits in the α-syn preformed fibril (PFF) mouse model of sporadic PD. Compound screening led to the identification of PAANIB-1, a brain-penetrant PAAN/MIF nuclease inhibitor that prevents neurodegeneration induced by α-syn PFF, AAV-α-syn overexpression, or MPTP intoxication in vivo. Our findings could have broad relevance in human pathologies where parthanatos plays a role in the development of cell death inhibitors targeting the druggable PAAN/MIF nuclease.


Asunto(s)
Oxidorreductasas Intramoleculares/metabolismo , Factores Inhibidores de la Migración de Macrófagos/metabolismo , Enfermedad de Parkinson , Animales , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Neuronas Dopaminérgicas/metabolismo , Endonucleasas/metabolismo , Ratones , Enfermedad de Parkinson/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad de Parkinson/genética , Enfermedad de Parkinson/metabolismo
2.
Biochim Biophys Acta ; 1849(6): 612-25, 2015 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25805336

RESUMEN

In the present study, we demonstrate a mechanism through which 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) induces MKP-1 expression in rat primary astrocytes, leading to the regulation of inflammatory responses. We show that 15d-PGJ2 enhances the efficiency of MKP-1 pre-mRNA processing (constitutive splicing and 3'-end processing) and increases the stability of the mature mRNA. We further report that this occurs via the RNA-binding protein, Hu antigen R (HuR). Our experiments show that HuR knockdown abrogates the 15d-PGJ2-induced increases in the pre-mRNA processing and mature mRNA stability of MKP-1, whereas HuR overexpression further enhances the 15d-PGJ2-induced increases in these parameters. Using cysteine (Cys)-mutated HuR proteins, we show that the Cys-245 residue of HuR (but not Cys-13 or Cys-284) is critical for the direct binding of HuR with 15d-PGJ2 and the effects downstream of this interaction. Collectively, our data show that HuR is a novel target of 15d-PGJ2 and reveal HuR-mediated pre-mRNA processing and mature mRNA stabilization as important regulatory steps in the 15d-PGJ2-induced expression of MKP-1. The potential to use a small molecule such as 15d-PGJ2 to regulate the induction of MKP-1 at multiple levels of gene expression could be exploited as a novel therapeutic strategy aimed at combating a diverse range of MKP-1-associated pathologies.


Asunto(s)
Fosfatasa 1 de Especificidad Dual/genética , Proteínas ELAV/genética , Inflamación/genética , Prostaglandina D2/análogos & derivados , Animales , Astrocitos/metabolismo , Astrocitos/patología , Fosfatasa 1 de Especificidad Dual/biosíntesis , Proteínas ELAV/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Inflamación/patología , Cultivo Primario de Células , Prostaglandina D2/administración & dosificación , Prostaglandina D2/metabolismo , Precursores del ARN/genética , Procesamiento Postranscripcional del ARN/genética , Estabilidad del ARN/efectos de los fármacos , ARN Mensajero/genética , Ratas
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