The Role of Gamma Delta T Lymphocytes in Physiological and Pathological Condition-Focus on Psoriasis, Atopic Dermatitis, Autoimmune Disorders, Cancer and Lymphomas.

Gamma delta (γδ) T cells are a heterogeneous population of cells that play roles in inflammation, host tissue repair, clearance of viral and bacterial pathogens, regulation of immune processes, and tumor surveillance. Recent research suggests that these are the main skin cells that produce interleukin-17 (I-17). Furthermore, γδ T cells exhibit memory-cell-like characteristics that mediate repeated episodes of psoriatic inflammation. γδ T cells are found in epithelial tissues, where many cancers develop. There, they participate in antitumor immunity as cytotoxic cells or as immune coordinators. γδ T cells also participate in host defense, immune surveillance, and immune homeostasis. The aim of this review is to present the importance of γδ T cells in physiological and pathological diseases, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, autoimmune diseases, cancer, and lymphoma.

Erythema multiforme provoked by radiotherapy.

Radiation dermatitis is one of the most common adverse effects that occur in patients treated with radiation therapy. It is usually limited to the irradiated area. However, cases of generalized lesions have also been described in the literature. A rare but highly important cutaneous manifestation can be erythema multiforme-like lesions localized all over the patient's skin. A 63-year-old patient was admitted to the Department of Dermatology for disseminated erythematous lesions localized on the trunk and extremities. The patient denied taking any new medications or dietary supplements. However, he was undergoing radiotherapy treatment. On admission, the patient was in good general condition. During the stay in the department, the patient was treated orally as well as intravenously with corticosteroids, acyclovir, and a topical ointment consisting of gentamicin and betamethasone, as well as hydrocortisone and cooling ointment. After 1 month, a significant improvement in the patient's skin condition was noted. When skin lesions resembling erythema multiforme occur in patients undergoing oncological treatment, radiation therapy should be considered as a potential trigger.

Characteristics of pruritus in various clinical variants of psoriasis: Final report of the binational, multicentre, cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Pruritus, which is the most frequent subjective symptom of psoriasis, may cause significant discomfort, embarrassment and even interfere with patients normal daily activities. However, the perception of itch in various psoriasis subtypes remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate and to characterize pruritus in different clinical variants of psoriasis. METHODS: This cross-sectional, binational, multicentre study included 295 subjects suffering from nine different clinical subtypes of psoriasis: large-plaque psoriasis (n = 45), nummular psoriasis (n = 32), guttate psoriasis (n = 31), scalp psoriasis (n = 32), inverse psoriasis (n = 23), erythrodermic psoriasis (n = 33), palmoplantar psoriasis vulgaris (n = 33), palmoplantar pustular psoriasis (n = 42) and generalized pustular psoriasis (n = 23). Measures included sociodemographic and anthropometric data, detailed pruritus characteristics including but not limited to pruritus intensity, frequency and extend, as well as psoriasis severity. RESULTS: The lifetime prevalence of pruritus in each clinical variant of psoriasis was similar and quite high, reaching up to 100% in some disease subtypes (i.e., nummular psoriasis, scalp psoriasis and generalized pustular psoriasis). Psoriasis severity correlated with pruritus intensity in scalp psoriasis, palmoplantar pustular psoriasis and generalized pustular psoriasis. The age, duration of psoriasis and BMI did not interfere with the intensity of itch. CONCLUSIONS: Pruritus is highly prevalent in each clinical variant of psoriasis. However, the sensation of itch is very individual, difficult to universally describe even in the same subtype.

The Impact of Pruritus on the Quality of Life and Sleep Disturbances in Patients Suffering from Different Clinical Variants of Psoriasis.

BACKGROUND: Quality of life (QoL) and sleep, which are essential for well-being in the mental, physical, and socioeconomic domains, are impaired in psoriatic patients. However, the exact role of the clinical subtype of psoriasis in this aspect remains poorly studied. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate differences in QoL impairment and sleeping problems in patients suffering from various clinical subtypes of psoriasis and to evaluate the effects of pruritus on QoL. METHODS: This cross-sectional, multicenter study included 295 eligible subjects with diagnosed psoriasis. Each patient was examined with the use of the same questionnaire. Measures included predominant subtype of psoriasis, disease severity, pruritus scores, patients' health-related QoL and the incidence of sleep disturbance. RESULTS: The QoL of most patients was decreased irrespectively of clinical psoriasis subtype, however, the most impaired QoL was in patients with erythrodermic psoriasis. The majority of patients reported sleep disturbances caused by pruritus, albeit there was no relevant differences between analyzed subgroups in this aspect of patients' well-being. Pruritus was an important factor determining QoL and sleeping problems in the studied population. CONCLUSIONS: Identifying the most disturbing area of life and recognizing the most bothersome subjective symptoms of psoriasis are pivotal to focusing on the most relevant treatment goal and achieving therapeutic success.

Cyclosporine-induced gingival overgrowth-Review.

Drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) is an undesirable effect resulting from the therapy of one of the three groups of drugs: phenytoin, calcium channel blockers, and cyclosporine A (CsA). It is caused by a fibrous overgrowth leading to gingivitis, periodontitis, and even tooth loss. Possible consequences include tooth decay worsening, pain and difficulty in eating, bleeding gums, and bad breath. The pathomechanism of the hypertrophy is unknown, but there is a correlation between insufficient oral hygiene and the severity of this phenomenon. The gender and age predilection of gingival hyperplasia as a result of CsA therapy is also noticeable. It is most common in children and adolescents of the male sex. The beneficial effect of the removal of tartar and local irritants in reducing the above symptoms has been demonstrated. One of the treatments for DIGO is conventional gingivectomy. The paper is a review article about cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia.

Characteristics of Pruritus in Various Clinical Variants of Psoriasis: Results of the Multinational, Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Study.

Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease present in about 3% of the world's population. The clinical symptoms manifest diversely, therefore one can distinguish several subtypes of psoriasis. The majority of patients with psoriasis experience pruritus, which is an unpleasant sensation that decreases patients' quality of life. The knowledge on pruritus in different subtypes of psoriasis is limited. We have performed a cross-sectional, prospective, and multicenter study to evaluate the relationship between clinical subtypes of psoriasis (large-plaque, nummular, guttate, palmoplantar, inverse, erythrodermic, palmoplantar pustular, generalized pustular psoriasis, and psoriasis of the scalp) and the prevalence, intensity, and clinical manifestation of itch. We introduced a questionnaire assessing various aspects of pruritus to a total of 254 patients. Out of these, 42 were excluded. Pruritus was present in 92.9% of the remaining patients and its prevalence did not depend on the clinical subtype. A correlation between the severity of psoriasis and the intensity of itch was explicitly noticeable in palmoplantar pustular psoriasis and scalp psoriasis (p < 0.05). The itch sensation was individual and differed among subtypes of psoriasis. In conclusion, pruritus is a frequent phenomenon, and its presentation is different in various subtypes of psoriasis.