Early motor signs of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review.

ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with onset of symptoms typically in early childhood. First signs of the disorder, including language delay, motor delay and temperament characteristics, may be evident as early as infancy. The present review describes published evidence about early motor signs of either children with later symptoms of ADHD or a later diagnosis of the disorder. Nine published cohort studies were included after a systematic search of related terms in PubMed and PsycInfo databases. Study eligibility criteria included: (1) report on early motor function or any motor-related signs; (2) the presence of a participants' assessment by/at 12 months of age; (3) report of a later presence of ADHD symptoms. The limited number of reports included suggests an association between mild early neurological markers and later developmental coordination disorder and motor overflow movements. Unfortunately, due to their small sample sizes and focus on group reports rather than individuals, they have limited power to find strong associations. Early motor indicators of ADHD, if present, appear to be non-specific, and therefore not yet useful in clinical screening. Spontaneous motility seems to be a promising measure for early ADHD detection, although further studies with large cohorts are recommended to determine its clinical role in children at risk for ADHD.

Parent-Infant Interaction during the First Year of Life in Infants at High Risk for Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Introduction: Perinatal adverse events put neonates at high risk for short and long-term disabilities, including cerebral palsy (CP). The most recent guidelines about early intervention in infants with brain damage have emphasized the importance of family involvement from the very first phases of development. Early parent-infant interactions are pivotal in promoting infant cognitive and social developmental trajectories. However, little is known about the extent to which severe adverse perinatal events can affect the quality of early parent-infant interactions. Patients and Methods: We systematically searched five databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library) for the publications assessing parent-infant interactions in infants at high neurological risk within 1 year of age. Articles were selected if they involved direct comparison between high-risk populations and healthy controls or low-risk populations, and if quantitative or semiquantitative tools were used to assess the parent-infant interaction. Measures of parent-infant interaction included infant interactive behaviors, parental interactive behaviors, and dyadic interactive patterns. Results: The search yielded 18 publications that met the inclusion criteria. The articles represent a high level of heterogeneity in terms of infant neurological risk, infant age, and tools assessing interactive behaviors. Both infant and maternal behaviors within the investigated interactive exchanges were reported to be compromised, leading to subsequent overall impairment of the dyadic patterns. Conclusion: While the studies reviewed here provide general and important information, the review did not yield a clear picture of early dyadic interactions in high-risk infant populations. Further observational studies are warranted in order to provide a more accurate knowledge of the early dyadic exchanges between infants at high neurological risk and their parents, as they might provide a critical opportunity for early family centered habilitative interventions.

Neuroprocessing Mechanisms of Music during Fetal and Neonatal Development: A Role in Neuroplasticity and Neurodevelopment.

The primary aim of this viewpoint article is to examine recent literature on fetal and neonatal processing of music. In particular, we examine the behavioral, neurophysiological, and neuroimaging literature describing fetal and neonatal music perception and processing to the first days of term equivalent life. Secondly, in light of the recent systematic reviews published on this topic, we discuss the impact of music interventions on the potential neuroplasticity pathways through which the early exposure to music, live or recorded, may impact the fetal, preterm, and full-term infant brain. We conclude with recommendations for music stimuli selection and its role within the framework of early socioemotional development and environmental enrichment.

Increasing F2-isoprostanes in the first month after birth predicts poor respiratory and neurodevelopmental outcomes in very preterm infants.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the association between increased early oxidative stress, measured by F2-isoprostanes (IsoPs), and respiratory morbidity at term equivalent age and neurological impairment at 12 months of corrected age (CA). STUDY DESIGN: Plasma samples were collected from 136 premature infants on days 14 and 28 after birth. All participants were infants born at ⩽28 weeks of gestational age enrolled into the Prematurity and Respiratory Outcomes Program (PROP) study. Respiratory morbidity was determined at 40 weeks of postmenstrual age (PMA) by the Respiratory Severity Index (RSI), a composite measure of oxygen and pressure support. Neurodevelopmental assessment was performed using the Developmental Assessment of Young Children (DAYC) at 12 months of CA. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated associations between IsoP change, RSI and DAYC scores. Mediation analysis was performed to determine the relationship between IsoPs and later outcomes. RESULTS: Developmental data were available for 121 patients (90% of enrolled) at 12 months. For each 50-unit increase in IsoPs, regression modeling predicted decreases in cognitive, communication and motor scores of -1.9, -1.2 and -2.4 points, respectively (P<0.001). IsoP increase was also associated with increased RSI at 40 weeks of PMA (odds ratio=1.23; P=0.01). RSI mediated 25% of the IsoP effect on DAYC motor scores (P=0.02) and had no significant impact on cognitive or communication scores. CONCLUSIONS: In the first month after birth, increases in plasma IsoPs identify preterm infants at risk for respiratory morbidity at term equivalent age and worse developmental outcomes at 12 months of CA. Poor neurodevelopment is largely independent of respiratory morbidity.

[Wound healing effect of preparation vermilat for injections in experiment]. / Vyvchennia ranozahoiuiuchoho efektu preparatu vermilat dlia in'iektsii v eksperymenti.

Results of studying of the woundhealing effect of preparation vermilat for injections, which constitutes the extract of polypeptide origin, were adduced. The skin wound was done to the Wistar line rats and than the preparation in 0.1 mg dose of dry substance was injected. The preparation had caused pronounced effect on regeneration of tissues. The expediency of application of the preparation in the wound healing process during its second and third stages was proved.