RESUMEN
The decreasing-width, increasing-aspect-ratio RDL presents significant challenges to the design for reliability (DFR) of an advanced package. Therefore, this paper proposes an ML-based RDL modeling and simulation method. In the method, RDL was divided into blocks and subdivided into pixels of metal percentage, and the RDL was digitalized as tensors. Then, an ANN-based surrogate model was built and trained using a subset of tensors to predict the equivalent material properties of each block. Lastly, all blocks were transformed into elements for simulations. For validation, line bending simulations were conducted on an RDL, with the reaction force as an accuracy indicator. The results show that neglecting layout impact caused critical errors as the substrate thinned. According to the method, the reaction force error was 2.81% and the layout impact could be accurately considered with 200 × 200 elements. For application, the TCT maximum temperature state simulation was conducted on a CPU chip. The simulation indicated that for an advanced package, the maximum stress was more likely to occur in RDL rather than in bumps; both RDL and bumps were critically impacted by layouts, and RDL stress was also impacted by vias/bumps. The proposed method precisely concerned layout impacts with few resources, presenting an opportunity for efficient improvement.
RESUMEN
A facile functionalization of C(sp3)-H bonds and tandem cyclization strategy to synthesize quinoline derivatives from 2-methylbenzothiazoles or 2-methylquinolines and 2-styrylanilines has been developed. This work avoids the requirement for transition metals, offering a mild approach to activation of C(sp3)-H bonds and formation of new C-C and C-N bonds. This strategy features excellent functional group tolerance and scaled-up synthetic capability, thus providing an efficient and environmentally friendly access to medicinally valuable quinolines.
RESUMEN
The microfluidic device (MFD) with a glass−PDMS−glass (G-P-G) structure is of interest for a wide range of applications. However, G-P-G MFD fabrication with an ultra-thin PDMS film (especially thickness less than 200 µm) is still a big challenge because the ultra-thin PDMS film is easily deformed, curled, and damaged during demolding and transferring. This study aimed to report a thickness-controllable and low-cost fabrication process of the G-P-G MFD with an ultra-thin PDMS film based on a flexible mold peel-off process. A patterned photoresist layer was deposited on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film to fabricate a flexible mold that could be demolded softly to achieve a rigid structure of the glass−PDMS film. The thickness of ultra-thin patterned PDMS could reach less than 50 µm without damage to the PDMS film. The MFD showcased the excellent property of water evaporation inhibition (water loss < 10%) during PCR thermal cycling because of the ultra-thin PDMS film. Its low-cost fabrication process and excellent water evaporation inhibition present extremely high prospects for digital PCR application.
RESUMEN
A one-pot protocol for the synthesis of structurally diverse 2-hetarylbenzothiazoles via oxidative condensation of the sp3 C-H bond with benzothiazoles has been described. This process is metal free and operationally simple. A series of 2-hetarylbenzothiazoles were prepared in moderate to good yield under mild conditions.
RESUMEN
A series of 1,4-thiazepin-5(4H)-one derivatives were synthesized via a transition metal-free one-pot Smiles rearrangement process at room temperature. Regioselective seven-membered heterocycles were constructed in good to excellent yields. To gain an in-depth understanding of the S-N type Smiles rearrangement mechanism, a theoretical study was also performed by quantum chemistry calculations.