Emergence of Candida auris in Russia.

This paper reports the emergence of Candida auris infections in an intensive care unit at a hospital in Moscow. Forty-nine cases were diagnosed in 2016-2017, and the risk factors and antifungal susceptibilities are described. The 30-day all-cause mortality for 19 bloodstream infections in patients who did not receive appropriate antifungal therapy was 42.1%. Phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer and D1-D2 regions and K143R substitution in the ERG11 gene indicated that the studied C. auris strains were of South Asian origin. This first reported series of C. auris infections in Russia demonstrates the rapid dissemination of this species, and the need for international surveillance and control measures.

Structural analysis of MHC alleles in an RSV tumour regression chicken using a BAC library.

The chicken major histocompatibility complex (MHC-B locus) has a strong association with resistance and susceptibility to numerous diseases. We have found a B haplotype designated WLA that associated with the regression of tumours caused by Rous sarcoma virus J strain (RSV-J). Haplotype WLA was identical to the regressive B6 haplotype when partial genotyping was performed (Poultry Science, 89, 2010, 651). We then constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library from a WLA homozygote chicken to evaluate the structure of this regression haplotype and compared it to those of the B6 haplotype. Comparison between WLA and B6 above 59 kb within the 167 kb, including 14 genes from BG1 to BF2, revealed 75 SNPs and 14 indels. However, several genes were identical between WLA and B6, including the BF1 and BF2 genes, which encode a class I molecule previously suggested to be related to the regression phenotype. The BLB2 gene encoding the MHC class II beta chain showed the greatest diversity, with 19 non-synonymous SNPs. A comparison of WLA and B6 haplotpyes that are associated with tumour regression and RIRa and B24 haplotypes associated with tumour progression suggests that DMA1, DMA2, BRD2, TAPBP and BLB2 genes are not involved in the intensity of RSV J tumour regression.

Genotypes of chicken major histocompatibility complex B locus associated with regression of Rous sarcoma virus J-strain tumors.

The chicken MHC-B locus affects the response to several strains of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV). We evaluated the association between haplotypes of the MHC-B locus and responses to the J strain of RSV by using an F(2) experimental resource family constructed with tumor-regressive (White Leghorn) and tumor-progressive (Rhode Island Red) chickens. The MHC-B haplotypes were determined by genotyping of the microsatellite marker LEI0258 and MHC-B locus class I alpha chain 2 (BF2). Two haplotypes in the resource family, one associated with tumor regression and one with progression, were defined by these 2 markers. To discriminate more precisely the regressive haplotype in this family, we further developed 35 SNP markers at the MHC-B locus. Information on the haplotypes revealed here should be useful for identifying chickens with regression and progression phenotypes of J-strain RSV-induced tumors.

[Destabilizing effect of chicken selection using the functional adrenal reserves criteria]. / Destabiliziruiushchii éffekt otbora kur po funktsional'nym rezervam nadpochechnikov.

Chicken lines produced by divergent selection for the functional adrenal reserves showed significant between-line differences in the content of corticosterone and other hormones (thyroxin, progesterone), as well as in body weight, early maturation, and egg yield. DNA fingerprinting with the pGB725 probe revealed molecular changes in genomic DNA of the chicken lines subjected to plus and minus selection. The genetic distances between the original population and the selected chicken lines, which were estimated from the molecular hybridization patterns, reflected the history of breeding. Analysis of mixed DNA from several individuals of each line revealed specific hybridization bands that could serve as DNA markers during selection for the high and low corticosterone levels in blood.

[Use of the pGB725 probe containing poly-TG-repeats for detecting polymorphic microsatellite loci in the genome of the chicken Gallus gallus domesticus]. / Ispol'zovanie proby pGB725, soderzhashchei poli-TG-povtory, dlia vyiavleniia polimorfnykh mikrosatellitnykh lokusov v genome kuritsy Gallus gallus domesticus.

Using [32P]-labeled hybridization probe of plasmid pGB725 enriched with poly-TG-pairs of nucleotides, chicken genome fingerprints were obtained. High genetic informativity of hybridization profiles and the possibility of polymorphic loci in the telomeric macrochromosomes' regions was revealed.

[The characteristics of chromosomal distribution and of the variability of the multiply repeating DNA fraction of the genome in Bos taurus L]. / Osobennosti khromosomnogo raspredeleniia i izmenchivosti mnogokratno povtoriaiushcheisia fraktsii DNK genoma u Bos taurus L.

The uniform distribution of satellite DNA II and IV has been revealed using in situ hybridization and differential staining in centromeric regions of autosomes. The sex chromosomes have not found such nucleotide blocks. There is only minor satellite IV block inside Y chromosome short arm. The Y chromosome has got some (TG)n enriched blocks distributed also among other parts of genome and one copy of sequences like human ZFY gene. The high repetitive fraction of bovine genomic DNA have not revealed RFLP. However, the difference has been found by blot hybridization between genomic organization of satellite IV in cattle and yak chromosomal DNA. Non-Mendelian distribution of some such nucleotide blocks has been obtained for interspecies crosses of cattle and yak.

[The effect of high temperature on the frequency of nondisjunction and loss of sex chromosomes in females of Drosophila melanogaster strain I(1)ts403 with a defect in the heat shock protein system]. / Vliianie vysokoi temperatury na chastotu neraskhozhdeniia i poter' polovykh khromosom u samok Drosophila melanogaster linii I(1)ts403 s defektom v sisteme belkov teplovogo shoka.

High temperature (37 degrees C) induces sex chromosome non-disjunction and loss in Drosophila melanogaster females l(1)ts403 with the defect in heat-shock protein system. The same temperature has no effect on the females from the T line and other earlier studied lines.