Prevalence of obesity among U.S. workers and associations with occupational factors.

BACKGROUND: Along with public health and clinical professionals, employers are taking note of rising obesity rates among their employees, as obesity is strongly related to chronic health problems and concomitant increased healthcare costs. Contributors to the obesity epidemic are complex and numerous, and may include several work characteristics. PURPOSE: To explore associations between occupational factors and obesity among U.S. workers. METHODS: Data from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey were utilized to calculate weighted prevalence rates and prevalence ratios (PRs) for obesity in relation to workweek length, work schedule, work arrangement, hostile work environment, job insecurity, work-family imbalance, and industry and occupation of employment. Data were collected in 2010 and analyzed in 2012-2013. RESULTS: Overall, 27.7% of U.S. workers met the BMI criterion for obesity. Among all workers, employment for more than 40 hours per week and exposure to a hostile work environment were significantly associated with an increased prevalence of obesity, although the differences were modest. Employment in health care and social assistance and public administration industries, as well as architecture and engineering, community and social service, protective service, and office and administrative support occupations was also associated with increased obesity prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: Work-related factors may contribute to the high prevalence of obesity in the U.S. working population. Public health professionals and employers should consider workplace interventions that target organization-level factors, such as scheduling and prevention of workplace hostility, along with individual-level factors such as diet and exercise.

Concordance between current job and usual job in occupational and industry groupings: assessment of the 2010 national health interview survey.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether current job is a reasonable surrogate for usual job. METHODS: Data from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey were utilized to determine concordance between current and usual jobs for workers employed within the past year. Concordance was quantitated by kappa values for both simple and detailed industry and occupational groups. Good agreement is considered to be present when kappa values exceed 60. RESULTS: Overall kappa values ± standard errors were 74.5 ± 0.5 for simple industry, 72.4 ± 0.5 for detailed industry, 76.3 ± 0.4 for simple occupation, 73.7 ± 0.5 for detailed occupation, and 80.4 ± 0.6 for very broad occupational class. Sixty-five of 73 detailed industry groups and 78 of 81 detailed occupation groups evaluated had good agreement between current and usual jobs. CONCLUSIONS: Current job can often serve as a reliable surrogate for usual job in epidemiologic studies.

Ruptured splenic cavernous hemangioma in a neonate.

We present a case of a term neonate with hypovolemic shock after spontaneous vaginal delivery. Hemodynamic instability persisted despite resuscitation with packed red cells, fresh frozen plasma, and platelets. An ultrasound scan at 48 hours after birth followed by a computed tomographic scan demonstrated a splenic lesion and hemoperitoneum. She underwent an emergency laparotomy and splenectomy for splenic rupture. Histologic findings demonstrated a ruptured cavernous hemangioma of the spleen. Exsanguinating intraabdominal hemorrhage in the newborn infant is rare. The diagnosis and management, with particular reference to splenic cavernous hemangioma and splenic rupture, is discussed.

Learning and memory after neonatal exposure to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy) in rats: interaction with exposure in adulthood.

This study determined whether developmental and adult 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) exposures in rats have interactive effects on body temperature, learning, other behaviors, and monoamine concentrations in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and striatum. Learning was assessed in the Cincinnati water maze (CWM), Morris water maze (MWM), and novel object recognition (NOR). On acquisition trials in the MWM, significant differences from developmental MDMA exposure were found on latency, cumulative distance, path length, and angle of first bearing to the goal, but the early and adult MDMA exposure group performed no worse than the developmental-only MDMA group. In the reversal trials, however, an interaction was seen: latency to the goal, cumulative distance, and angle of first bearing were increased in animals treated both developmentally and in adulthood with MDMA compared with those treated only developmentally. Other tests (elevated zero maze, CWM, NOR, and open-field activity) did not show an interaction, nor did hippocampal concentrations of serotonin or dopamine. However, several behavioral tests showed neonatal MDMA effects, including increased errors in the CWM, reduced time spent with a new object in the NOR test, and reduced locomotor activity in the open-field. By contrast, adult MDMA decreased the number of entries into open quadrants of the elevated zero maze. Litter effects were controlled by treating litter as the experimental unit and using mixed models repeated measures analyses. Correlational analyses suggested that the MWM reversal interaction involves multiple monoamine changes. The results indicate that developmental MDMA exposure can interact with adult exposure to interfere with some aspects of learning.

Cilindromas y tricoepiteliomas múltiplas asociados a tumor maligno de parótida: un nuevo síndrome? / Cylindroma and multiple trichoepitheliomas associated with a malignant parotid tumor: a new syndrome?

Se presenta una paciente con tricoepiteliomas y cilindromas múltiples y carcinoma indiferenciado de glándula parótida. Los cilindromas y tricoepiteliomas son tumores dérmicos benignos anexiales que en su forma múltiple de presentación dominante. La asociación con un tumor epitelial maligno de glándula parótida es poco frecuente. Postulamos en la patogenia de este síndrome la expressión feneotípica de un mismo genotipo. Un agente inductor estimularía los clones celulares sensibles, localizados en pieol y glándulas salivares, provocando su proliferación neoplásica