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PURPOSE: Within the STRA-MI-VT phase Ib/II trial (NCT04066517), the aim of this phantom study was to explore the feasibility of Cyberknife treatments on cardiac lesions by tracking as a single marker the lead tip of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. The residual displacement of the lesion during the tracking was studied, planning margins were found and the dosimetric accuracy of the treatment was checked. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A lead was inserted into a phantom (EasyCube phantom, Sun Nuclear Co, USA) and then placed on the translating ExacTrac Gating System (BrainLAB AG, Germany). The phantom was rotated, a virtual lesion was identified and its displacement during the tracking was studied. Two plans were compared, calculated on the unrotated volume and on the envelope of the unrotated and the rotated volumes. The plans were delivered using the Cyberknife System (Accuray Inc, USA) and their dosimetric accuracy verified by gamma analysis with gafchromic films. RESULTS: The residual margin increases enhancing the distance between the lead and the lesion. It is 4 mm for distance 0 cm and 5 mm for distance 5 cm. The coverage is reduced by 3.8% (interquartile range 2.5%-4.7%) when the dose is prescribed on the unrotated volume. All treatment plans are accurate and 3% 3 mm gamma analysis results are greater than 94%. CONCLUSIONS: Results showed that tracking with a single marker is feasible considering adequate residual planning margins. The volumes could be further reduced by using additional markers, for example by placing them on the patient's skin.
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Radiocirugia , Taquicardia Ventricular , Marcadores Fiduciales , Humanos , Fantasmas de Imagen , Radiocirugia/métodos , Planificación de la Radioterapia Asistida por Computador/métodosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a life-threatening condition, which usually implies the need of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator in combination with antiarrhythmic drugs and catheter ablation. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) represents a common form of therapy in oncology, which has emerged as a well-tolerated and promising alternative option for the treatment of refractory VT in patients with structural heart disease. OBJECTIVE: In the STRA-MI-VT trial, we will investigate as primary endpoints safety and efficacy of SBRT for the treatment of recurrent VT in patients not eligible for catheter ablation. Secondary aim will be to evaluate SBRT effects on global mortality, changes in heart function, and in the quality of life during follow-up. METHODS: This is a spontaneous, prospective, experimental (phase Ib/II), open-label study (NCT04066517); 15 patients with structural heart disease and intractable VT will be enrolled within a 2-year period. Advanced multimodal cardiac imaging preceding chest CT-simulation will serve to elaborate the treatment plan on different linear accelerators with target and organs-at-risk definition. SBRT will consist in a single radioablation session of 25 Gy. Follow-up will last up to 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: We test the hypothesis that SBRT reduces the VT burden in a safe and effective way, leading to an improvement in quality of life and survival. If the results will be favorable, radioablation will turn into a potential alternative option for selected patients with an indication to VT ablation, based on the opportunity to treat ventricular arrhythmogenic substrates in a convenient and less-invasive manner.
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Ablación por Catéter , Taquicardia Ventricular , Humanos , Italia , Imagen Multimodal , Estudios Prospectivos , Calidad de Vida , Taquicardia Ventricular/diagnóstico por imagen , Taquicardia Ventricular/cirugía , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a bacteria whose role in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis has been previously studied; little is known about its role in non-CF bronchiectasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Aim of our study is to investigate the risk factors for S. maltophilia acquisition and its clinical impact on bronchiectasis patients. A retrospective observational cohort study enrolling patients attending the Bronchiectasis Clinic at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. A total of 167 bronchiectasis patients undergoing intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy were selected and divided according to single or chronic S. maltophilia isolation in sputum. The risk factors and prognostic impact were studied. RESULTS: Single isolation was independently associated with lower baseline % predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s [odds ratio (OR) 0.98; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.970-1.044; P = 0.025] and with less radiological involvement (OR 0.379; 95% CI 0.175-0.819; P = 0.01). Chronic isolation was associated with the number of IV antibiotic courses in the year before and after the first isolation (OR 1.2; 95% CI 1.053-1.398; P = 0.007) and with the absence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization (OR 0.207; 95% CI 0.056-0.764; P = 0.02). In the chronic isolation group, there were more exacerbations and more need of IV antibiotics in the year after the first isolation. CONCLUSIONS: Poor lung function is the main independent risk factor for single isolation of S. maltophilia. For chronic colonization, the main independent risk factor is the number of IV antibiotic courses and the absence of P. aeruginosa chronic colonization. Only when chronically present, S. maltophilia had a clinical impact with more exacerbations.
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Bronquiectasia , Fibrosis Quística , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Bronquiectasia/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Estudios Retrospectivos , EscociaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Weight loss is a milestone in the prevention of chronic diseases associated with high morbility and mortality in industrialized countries. Very-low calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKDs) are increasingly used in clinical practice for weight loss and management of obesity-related comorbidities. Despite evidence on the clinical benefits of VLCKDs is rapidly emerging, some concern still exists about their potential risks and their use in the long-term, due to paucity of clinical studies. Notably, there is an important lack of guidelines on this topic, and the use and implementation of VLCKDs occurs vastly in the absence of clear evidence-based indications. PURPOSE: We describe here the biochemistry, benefits and risks of VLCKDs, and provide recommendations on the correct use of this therapeutic approach for weight loss and management of metabolic diseases at different stages of life.
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Dieta Cetogénica/métodos , Dieta Reductora/métodos , Endocrinología , Enfermedades Metabólicas/prevención & control , Obesidad/terapia , Consenso , Humanos , Sociedades MédicasRESUMEN
Src tyrosine kinase (TK), a redox-sensitive protein overexpressed in dystrophin-deficient muscles, can contribute to damaging signaling by phosphorylation and degradation of ß-dystroglycan (ß-DG). We performed a proof-of-concept preclinical study to validate this hypothesis and the benefit-safety ratio of a pharmacological inhibition of Src-TK in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Src-TK inhibitors PP2 and dasatinib were administered for 5 weeks to treadmill-exercised mdx mice. The outcome was evaluated in vivo and ex vivo on functional, histological and biochemical disease-related parameters. Considering the importance to maintain a proper myogenic program, the potential cytotoxic effects of both compounds, as well as their cytoprotection against oxidative stress-induced damage, was also assessed in C2C12 cells. In line with the hypothesis, both compounds restored the level of ß-DG and reduced its phosphorylated form without changing basal expression of genes of interest, corroborating a mechanism at post-translational level. The histological profile of gastrocnemius muscle was slightly improved as well as the level of plasma biomarkers. However, amelioration of in vivo and ex vivo functional parameters was modest, with PP2 being more effective than dasatinib. Both compounds reached appreciable levels in skeletal muscle and liver, supporting proper animal exposure. Dasatinib exerted a greater concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect on C2C12 cells than the more selective PP2, while being less protective against H2O2 cytotoxicity, even though at concentrations higher than those experienced during in vivo treatments. Our results support the interest of Src-TK as drug target in dystrophinopathies, although further studies are necessary to assess the therapeutic potential of inhibitors in DMD.
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Dasatinib , Distrofia Muscular Animal/tratamiento farmacológico , Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas , Pirimidinas , Familia-src Quinasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Línea Celular , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Dasatinib/farmacocinética , Dasatinib/farmacología , Dasatinib/uso terapéutico , Distroglicanos/genética , Distroglicanos/metabolismo , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos mdx , Fatiga Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Fuerza Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/patología , Músculo Esquelético/fisiología , Distrofia Muscular Animal/metabolismo , Distrofia Muscular Animal/patología , Distrofia Muscular Animal/fisiopatología , Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne/metabolismo , Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne/patología , Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne/fisiopatología , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacocinética , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/uso terapéutico , Pirimidinas/farmacocinética , Pirimidinas/farmacología , Pirimidinas/uso terapéutico , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , TorqueRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The maxillary lateral incisor epidemiologically represents the second most common congenitally absent teeth. In literature, different approaches have been proposed, such as canine teeth substitution, traditional prosthetic rehabilitation, adhesive restoration or single-tooth implant. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the clinical and radiographical effectiveness of narrow single tooth implant treatment for missing maxillary lateral incisors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 11 subjects, in seven cases bilaterally, were treated in the Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, with a radiographical follow-up at 5 years from the loading. RESULTS: At the follow up, no bone defects or pathological gingival probing were present around the peri-implant tissues. No mechanical complications, such as loss of the crown fixation screws or fracture, were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Narrow implants represent a predictable optional treatment for maxillary lateral incisor restoration, with a high-level aesthetic and functional outcome of the rehabilitation.
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Implantes Dentales de Diente Único , Incisivo , Maxilar/cirugía , Estudios de Seguimiento , HumanosRESUMEN
A mixture of native and oxidized phospholipids (PLs), generated by the soybean lipoxygenase type V-catalyzed partial oxidation of a lipid extract obtained from human platelets, was analyzed by Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography-ElectroSpray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (HILIC-ESI-MS/MS). The complexity of the resulting mixture was remarkable, considering that the starting lipid extract, containing (as demonstrated in a previous study) about 130 native PLs, was enriched with enzymatically generated hydroperoxylated derivatives and chemically generated hydroxylated forms of PLs bearing polyunsaturated side chains. Nonetheless, the described analytical approach proved to be very powerful; indeed, focusing on phosphatidylcolines (PCs), the most abundant PL class in human platelets, about fifty different native/oxidized species could be identified in a single HILIC-ESI-MS/MS run. Low-energy collision induced dissociation tandem MS (CID-MS/MS) experiments on chromatographically separated species showed single neutral losses of H2O2 and H2O to be typical fragmentation pathways of hydroperoxylated PCs, whereas a single H2O loss was observed for hydroxylated ones. Moreover, diagnostic losses of n-hexanal or n-pentanol were exploited to recognize PCs hydroperoxylated on the last but five carbon atom of a É·-6 polyunsaturated side chain. Despite the low resolution of the 3D ion trap mass analyzer used, the described HILIC-ESI-MS/MS approach appears very promising for the identification of oxidized lipids in oxidatively stressed complex biological systems.
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Fosfolípidos/química , Aldehídos/química , Plaquetas/química , Cromatografía Liquida/métodos , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/química , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Lipooxigenasa/química , Oxidación-Reducción , Pentanoles/química , Fosfatidilcolinas/sangre , Fosfatidilcolinas/química , Fosfolípidos/sangre , Glycine max/química , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray/métodos , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodosRESUMEN
AIMS: To evaluate the feasibility of ultra-low-dose CT for left atrium and pulmonary veins using new model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) algorithm. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two hundred patients scheduled for catheter ablation were randomized into two groups: Group 1 (100 patients, Multidetector row CT (MDCT) with MBIR, no ECG triggering, tube voltage and tube current of 100 kV and 60 mA, respectively) and Group 2 [100 patients, MDCT with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction algorithm (ASIR), no ECG triggering, and kV and mA tailored on patient BMI]. Image quality, CT attenuation, image noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of left atrium (LA) and pulmonary veins, and effective dose (ED) were evaluated for each exam and compared between two groups.No significant differences between groups in terms of population characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, anatomical features, prevalence of persistent atrial fibrillation and image quality score. Statistically significant differences were found between Group 1 and Group 2 in mean attenuation, SNR, and CNR of LA. Significantly, lower values of noise were found in Group 1 versus Group 2. Group 1 showed a significantly lower mean ED in comparison with Group 2 (0.41 ± 0.04 versus 4.17 ± 2.7 mSv). CONCLUSION: The CT for LA and pulmonary veins imaging using MBIR is feasible and allows examinations with very low-radiation exposure without loss of image quality.
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Fibrilación Atrial/diagnóstico por imagen , Atrios Cardíacos/diagnóstico por imagen , Venas Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Dosis de Radiación , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Algoritmos , Fibrilación Atrial/cirugía , Técnicas de Imagen Sincronizada Cardíacas , Medios de Contraste , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Yopamidol/análogos & derivados , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Interpretación de Imagen Radiográfica Asistida por Computador/métodos , Relación Señal-Ruido , Programas InformáticosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether the course of cirrhosis and its prognosis are related to the amount of collagen in the liver. AIM: To determine whether fibrosis, assessed by collagen proportionate area (CPA) in patients with compensated cirrhosis, is associated with the presence of oesophageal varices, and predict disease decompensation during the follow-up period. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 118 consecutive patients with compensated cirrhosis to correlate fibrosis, assessed by CPA in liver biopsies, with the presence of oesophageal varices (OV) and with the rate of liver decompensation (LD) development during a median follow-up of 72 months. RESULTS: At baseline 38 (32.2%) patients had OV and during the follow-up (median 72 months, IQR 47-91), 17 patients (14.4%) developed LD. The mean CPA value was different in patients with and without OV (14.8 ± 5.9% vs. 21.6 ± 9.5%, P < 0.001). The best CPA cut-off for OV by area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) was ≥14% and with multivariate logistic analysis CPA was the only variable associated with OV (OR: 28.32, 95% CI: 6.30-127.28; P < 0.001). By AUROC analysis the best CPA cut-off to predict LD was 18.0%. By Cox regression multivariate analysis CPA ≥18% (HR: 3.99, 95% CI: 1.04-11.45; P = 0.036), albumin (HR: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.04-0.43; P = 0.001) and presence of OV (HR: 8.15, 95% CI: 2.31-28.78; P = 0.001) were independently associated with LD. CONCLUSION: Quantification of fibrosis by collagen proportionate area allows identification of patients with compensated HCV cirrhosis with a higher likelihood of clinically relevant portal hypertension and a higher risk of decompensation.
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Colágeno/metabolismo , Hepatitis C Crónica/complicaciones , Cirrosis Hepática/etiología , Cirrosis Hepática/fisiopatología , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Biopsia , Várices Esofágicas y Gástricas/etiología , Femenino , Fibrosis , Humanos , Hipertensión Portal/etiología , Cirrosis Hepática/diagnóstico , Fallo Hepático/etiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Curva ROC , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
Pulmonary pneumatoceles are thin-walled, air-filled cysts that develop within the lung parenchyma. Most often, they occur as a sequel of acute pneumonia, commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus in children. Limited data are available about infective pulmonary cysts in newborns. We report a case of a newborn, who developed multiple pneumatoceles after Escherichia coli pneumonia.
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Quistes/diagnóstico por imagen , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/diagnóstico por imagen , Neumonía Bacteriana/diagnóstico por imagen , Quistes/etiología , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/complicaciones , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Neumonía Bacteriana/complicaciones , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
To evaluate the accuracy of liver transient elastography (TE), spleen TE and other noninvasive tests (AAR, APRI score, platelet count, platelet/spleen ratio) in predicting the presence and the size of oesophageal varices in compensated hepatitis C virus (HCV) cirrhosis, we studied 112 consecutive patients with compensated HCV cirrhosis who underwent biochemical tests, gastrointestinal endoscopy, liver TE and spleen TE by Fibroscan(®) (Echosens, Paris, France) using a modified software version with a range between 1.5 and 150 kPa. Spleen TE was not reliable in 16 patients (14.3%). Among the 96 patients with a valid measurement (69.8% men, mean age: 63.2 ± 9.5 years), 43.7% had no oesophageal varices, 29.2% had grade 1% and 27.1% had grade 2 or grade 3 oesophageal varices. Patients with values of 75 kPa by standard spleen TE had mean values of modified spleen TE of 117 kPa (range: 81.7-149.5). Linear regression revealed a significant correlation between modified spleen TE and oesophageal varix size (r = 0.501; beta: 0.763, SE: 0.144; P < 0.001). On univariate analysis, the variables associated with grade 2/grade 3 oesophageal varices were AAR score, APRI score, platelet/spleen ratio, liver TE and modified spleen TE. On multivariate analysis, only modified spleen TE (OR: 1.026; 95% CI: 1.007-1.046; P = 0.006) and AAR (OR: 14.725; 95% CI: 1.928-112.459; P = 0.010) remained independently associated with grade 2/grade 3 oesophageal varices. Platelet/spleen ratio was the best predictor of oesophageal varices area under the ROC curve (AUROC: 0.763, cut-off: 800, sensitivity: 74%, specificity: 70%), while modified spleen TE was more accurate in predicting grade 2/grade 3 oesophageal varices (AUROC: 0.82, cut-off: 54.0 kPa, sensitivity: 80%, specificity: 70%). Portal hypertension increases spleen stiffness, and the measurement of modified spleen TE is an accurate, noninvasive tool for predicting the presence of large oesophageal varices in patients with compensated HCV cirrhosis.
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Diagnóstico por Imagen de Elasticidad/métodos , Várices Esofágicas y Gástricas/diagnóstico , Hepatitis C Crónica/complicaciones , Cirrosis Hepática/complicaciones , Bazo/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Biomarcadores , Femenino , Fibrosis , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Curva ROC , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , VáricesRESUMEN
The phospholipidome of blood microparticles (MPs) obtained from platelet-rich plasma of healthy individuals was characterized by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). The HILIC separation, performed on a silica stationary phase using an acetonitrile/methanol gradient, enabled the separation of several phospholipids (PL) classes, viz., phosphatidyl-cholines (PCs), -ethanolamines (PEs), -serines (PSs), -inositoles (PIs), sphyngomielins (SMs), and lyso forms of PCs and PEs. Structural characterization of species belonging to each class was performed by MS/MS measurements, in either positive or negative ion mode. The set of 131 phospholipids (including regioisomers) here identified represents the most comprehensive phospholipidomic characterization reported for human MPs. Although the phospholipidome composition of MPs and platelets, collected from the same donors, was found to be qualitatively the same, quantitative differences were evidenced for lyso-PCs, which appear to be significantly more abundant in MPs.
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Micropartículas Derivadas de Células/química , Fosfolípidos/sangre , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray/métodos , Adulto , Cromatografía Liquida/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fosfolípidos/análisisRESUMEN
AIM: To compare the feasibility, accuracy, and effective radiation dose (ED) of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in the detection of coronary artery disease using a combined ED-saving strategy including prospective electrocardiogram (ECG) triggering with a short x-ray window and a body mass index (BMI)-adapted imaging protocol using adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR; group 1), in comparison with a prospective ECG triggering strategy alone (group 2). MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and seventy patients scheduled for invasive coronary angiography (ICA) were evaluated. Fourteen patients were not eligible for MDCT. The remaining 156 patients were randomized to group 1 (78 patients) and group 2 (78 patients). Eight and 11 patients in groups 1 and 2, respectively, were excluded after randomization because the patients' heart rates were >65 beats/min. MDCT images were assessed for feasibility, signal-to-noise ration (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), accuracy in detection of coronary stenoses >50% versus ICA and for ED. RESULTS: The feasibility, SNR, CNR, accuracy in a segment-based and patient-based model were similar in both groups (97 versus 95%, 14.5 ± 3.9 versus 14.2 ± 4.1, 16 ± 4.6 versus 16.5 ± 4.4, 95 versus 94% and 97 versus 99%, respectively). The ED in group 1 was 72% lower than in group 2 (2.1 ± 1.2 versus 7.5 ± 1.8 mSv, respectively; p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The use of a multi-parametric ED saving protocol results in a significant reduction in ED without a negative impact on accuracy.
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Angiografía Coronaria/métodos , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Electrocardiografía , Tomografía Computarizada Multidetector/métodos , Anciano , Algoritmos , Índice de Masa Corporal , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dosis de Radiación , Interpretación de Imagen Radiográfica Asistida por Computador , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Peroxidation catalysed by Soybean Lypoxigenase was performed on tetralinoleyl-cardiolipin with the aim of generating selectively oxidized products, to be used subsequently as standards for studies on cardiolipin oxidation. The reaction products were characterized by LC-ESI-MS and MS/MS, and the process was found to link a hydroperoxylic group on one or more linoleic chains of cardiolipin, up to a total of four groups per molecule. Interestingly, the incidence of other oxidized products, like those arising from multiple hydroxylation or mixed hydroxylation-hydroperoxydation, previously observed after the chemical oxidation of the same cardiolipin, was found to be negligible. Moreover, evidences for the presence of the hydroperoxylic group(s) almost exclusively on carbon 13 of the linoleic chain(s) were obtained by MS/MS measurements. The enzymatic approach, integrated with a preparative separation step, which could be developed by adapting the chromatographic conditions adopted in the present work for analytical purposes, represents a promising strategy for the synthesis of highly specific mono- or multi-peroxidated derivatives of cardiolipins.
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Cardiolipinas/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Glycine max/enzimología , Lipooxigenasa/metabolismo , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray/métodos , Animales , Cardiolipinas/análisis , Cardiolipinas/metabolismo , Bovinos , Peroxidación de Lípido , Lipooxigenasa/química , Especificidad por Sustrato , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodosRESUMEN
Aim of this trial was to verify the occurrence and the distribution of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) in soil, sediment, straw, alfalfa, other animal feed grown in farms with contaminated soil. In the present study two years of monitoring activity in the province of Roma and Frosinone was reported. Experimental trial in two contaminated sites was carried out on uptake and translocation of HCHs in maize and alfalfa. In 19 sites soil, forage and weed has been collected for two years, soil samples consisted in cores of 40 cm to test the presence of HCHs at different deep. The analytical determinations in soil and plant samples were carried out by gas liquid chromatography with electron capture detector and confirmed by mass detector. In the first year (2005- 2006) 68% of soil samples were contaminated (HCHs > LOQ) and 3% of vegetable samples. In the second year (2006- 2007) 42% of soil samples resulted positive and 26% of vegetable matrix. In particular B hexacyclohexane was detected in wheat stem (0.037 mg/kg) with a soil contamination of 0.039 mg/kg and in alfalfa (0.012 mg/kg) with presence in soil of 0.004 mg/kg. Experimental trials on maize evidenced a translocation factor for this isomer stem/soil of 0.006 mg/kg ? and for grain of 0.005 mg/kg. On alfalfa translocation factor root/soil was 0.01 and shot/soil 0.009. A propose to calculate the threshold value of soil contamination to admit crop grown destined to animal feed, would be based on HCHs LOD values weighted with translocation factor.
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Hexaclorociclohexano/análisis , Medicago sativa/química , Zea mays/química , Agricultura , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Ambiente , Sedimentos Geológicos/análisis , Hexaclorociclohexano/metabolismo , Italia , Suelo/análisis , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisis , Contaminantes del Suelo/metabolismoRESUMEN
The aim of this trial was to evaluate the feasibility of using tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) for phytoremediation of dieldrin. Experimental trial was carried out in greenhouse with temperature and light control. Each tested crop were seeded in individual pots (10 plants/pot) filled with contaminated soil (47 microg/kg dieldrin) and uncontaminated soil collected in sites located in the province of Latina (Italy). Samples of soil, root, and aerial part of plants were analysed at 3 and 6 months after seeding. The analytical determinations in soil and plant samples were carried out by GLC-ECD and confirmed by GLC-MS. After 6 months in the greenhouse, recoveries of dieldrin from soil planted with tall fescue and alfalfa were significantly lower than recoveries in unplanted control soil. Dieldrin residue values in root did not differ between the two different sampling times for each forage crop tested, but they were always higher in fescue than in alfalfa. Residue levels in aerial part were low (< 10 microg/kg) in the two forage crops. Preliminary results seem to confirm the ability of tested plants to enhance dissipation of dieldrin in soil at low level of contamination.
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Dieldrín/metabolismo , Festuca/metabolismo , Medicago sativa/metabolismo , Contaminantes del Suelo/metabolismo , Biodegradación Ambiental , Dieldrín/análisis , Festuca/crecimiento & desarrollo , Italia , Medicago sativa/crecimiento & desarrollo , Suelo , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisisRESUMEN
Aim of this trial was to verify the occurrence and the distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in zucchini cultivated varieties grown in glasshouses and in open field with different levels of pollutants in soil. Residues of OCPs have been detected in soils and crops in the province of Latina, an intensively agricultural area of Lazio Region, in Italy. The study has been focused at crop harvest in less contaminated glasshouses and during crop life cycle in contaminated field in spring-summer time. Dieldrin distribution in different part of plant is similar among zucchini cultivars grown in contaminated field. In crop grown in field and in glasshouses with soil pollution >0.01 mg/kg, we found dieldrin in all zucchini fruits and flowers, at the same level or higher than the maximum residue limit (RML) fixed by European law for edible vegetables (0.02 mg/kg). Instead in soil with pollution < or = 0.01 mg/kg total OCPs it would be possible to grow zucchini cultivars.