RESUMEN
Introducción: El colgajo infrahioideo (CI) es una alternativa reconstructiva para defectos en cavidad oral, orofaringe e hipofaringe. Se trata de un colgajo musculocutáneo pediculado e inervado que suele ser bien tolerado en el postoperatorio. Caso Clínico: Se describe la técnica quirúrgica del CI en relación al caso de un paciente de 58 años con carcinoma escamoso de lengua izquierda, a quien se le realiza resección amplia de dicho tumor. Se reconstruye mediante CI, lográndose cobertura exitosa con buena evolución postoperatoria. Discusión: Los colgajos regionales y pediculados son un eslabón fundamental en el abanico de opciones reconstructivas frente a un paciente con cáncer oral. El CI es una opción adecuada para defectos medianos con excelentes resultados estéticos y funcionales. Conclusión: El CI constituye una opción reconstructiva sencilla y ampliamente disponible. Requiere de una adecuada planificación preoperatoria con una buena selección de los pacientes para obtener resultados satisfactorios.
Introduction: The infrahyoid flap (IF) is an alternative for reconstruction in defects of the oral cavity, oropharynx, and hypopharynx. It is a pedicled and innervated musculocutaneous flap that is usually well tolerated by patients. Clinical Case: We describe the surgical technique of IF with the description of the case of a 58-year-old patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the left tongue. He underwent wide resection and then reconstruction. We performed an IF achieving successful coverage with adequate postoperative course. Discussion: Regional and pedicled flaps are important reconstructive options for patients with oral cancer. The IF is a suitable option for medium defects with excellent aesthetic and functional results. Conclusion: IF is a simple and widely available reconstructive option. It requires adequate preoperative planning with a good selection of patients to obtain satisfactory results.
RESUMEN
In the present study, the occurrence of indicator antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) both in the influent and the effluent of four Spanish wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) was monitored for 12 months, and the susceptibility profiles of 89 recovered extended spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolates were obtained against a wide range of antimicrobials. The aim of the study was to better understand whether the current wastewater treatment practices allow us to obtain safe reclaimed water mitigating the spread of ARB and ARGs to the environment. Results showed high concentrations of ESBL-producing E. coli as well as a high prevalence of a range of ARGs in the influent samples. The reclamation treatments implemented in the WWTPs were effective in reducing both the occurrence of ESBL E. coli and ARGs, although significant differences were observed among WWTPs. Despite these reductions in occurrence observed upon wastewater treatment, our findings suggest that WWTP effluents may represent an important source of ARGs, which could be transferred among environmental bacteria and disseminate antimicrobial resistance through the food chain. Remarkably, no major differences were observed in the susceptibility profiles of the ESBL E. coli isolated from influent and effluent waters, indicating that water treatments do not give rise to the emergence of new resistance phenotypes.
