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1.
Environ Pollut ; 348: 123814, 2024 May 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38499170

RESUMEN

In the coastal environment, a large amount of microplastics (MPs) can accumulate in the sediments of seagrass beds. However, the potential impact these pollutants have on seagrasses and associated organisms is currently unknown. In this study, we investigated the differences in MPs abundance and composition (i.e., shape, colour and polymer type) in marine sediments collected at different depths (-5 m, -15 m, -20 m) at two sites characterized by the presence of Posidonia oceanica meadows and at one unvegetated site. In the vegetated sites, sediment samples were collected respectively above and below the upper and lower limits of the meadow (-5 m and -20 m), out of the P. oceanica meadow, and in the central portion of the meadow (-15 m). By focusing on the central part of the meadow, we investigated if the structural features (i.e. shoots density and leaf surface) can affect the amount of MPs retained within the underlying sediment and if these, in turn, can affect the associated benthic communities. Results showed that the number of MPs retained by P. oceanica meadows was higher than that found at the unvegetated site, showing also a different composition. In particular, at vegetated sites, we observed that MPs particles were more abundant within the meadow (at - 15 m), compared to the other depths, on unvegetated sediment, with a dominance of transparent fragments of polypropylene (PP). We observed that MPs entrapment by P. oceanica was accentuated by the higher shoots density, while the seagrass leaf surface did not appear to have any effect. Both the abundance and richness of macrofauna associated with P. oceanica rhizomes appear to be negatively influenced by the MPs abundance in the sediment. Overall, this study increases knowledge of the potential risks of MPs accumulation in important coastal habitats such as the Posidonia oceanica meadows.


Asunto(s)
Alismatales , Microplásticos , Plásticos , Ambiente , Ecosistema , Alismatales/química , Mar Mediterráneo
2.
Cien Saude Colet ; 29(1): e19892022, 2024 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38198339

RESUMEN

The objective was to perform a spatial analysis of the hospital mortality rate (HMR) due to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) attributed to COVID-19 among children and adolescents in Brazil from 2020 to 2021. A cluster method was used to group federal units (FUs) based on HMR. In 2020, clusters with high HMRs were formed by north/northeast FUs. In 2021, there was a reduction in HMR. Clusters with higher rates remained in the N/NE region. Regional differences were observed in the HMR. The findings may reflect social inequalities and access to hospital care, especially in the under 1-year-old age group due to the severity of the disease in this group.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Niño , Humanos , Adolescente , Lactante , Brasil/epidemiología , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Análisis Espacial , Hospitales
3.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 29(1): e19892022, 2024. tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528340

RESUMEN

Abstract The objective was to perform a spatial analysis of the hospital mortality rate (HMR) due to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) attributed to COVID-19 among children and adolescents in Brazil from 2020 to 2021. A cluster method was used to group federal units (FUs) based on HMR. In 2020, clusters with high HMRs were formed by north/northeast FUs. In 2021, there was a reduction in HMR. Clusters with higher rates remained in the N/NE region. Regional differences were observed in the HMR. The findings may reflect social inequalities and access to hospital care, especially in the under 1-year-old age group due to the severity of the disease in this group.


Resumo Objetivou-se realizar uma análise espacial da taxa de mortalidade hospitalar (TMH) por síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SRAG) atribuída à COVID-19 em crianças e adolescentes no Brasil no período de 2020 a 2021. Utilizou-se o método de cluster para agrupar as unidades federativas (UFs) com base na TMH. Em 2020, clusters com altas TMHs foram formados por UFs Norte/Nordeste. Em 2021, houve redução na TMH. Os clusters com maiores taxas permaneceram na região N/NE. Diferenças regionais foram observadas nas TMHs. Os achados podem refletir as desigualdades sociais e o acesso à atenção hospitalar, principalmente na faixa etária de menores de 1 ano pela gravidade da doença neste grupo.

4.
PLoS One ; 18(9): e0291609, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37733703

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: This study analyzes the effect of the Brazilian National Oral Health Policy (NOHP) on oral cancer mortality rates (OCMR). METHOD: This is an ecological study with secondary oral cancer death data, using interrupted time series analysis (ARIMA, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average). Annual death data were collected from the Mortality Information System (1996-2019). The outcome was the OCMR, standardized by gender and age We considered the NOHP, categorized as "0" (before its implementation), from 1996 to 2004, and "1 to 15", from 2005 to 2019. ARIMA modeling was carried out for temporal analysis, and regression coefficient estimation (RC). RESULTS: The Brazilian NOHP implementation was associated with an increase in OCMR in the North region (CR = 0.16; p = 0.022) and with a decrease in the Southeast region (CR = -0.04; p<0.001), but did not affect the other macro-regions nor Brazil. The forecast models estimated an increase in OCMR for the North, and Northeast, a decrease for the Southeast, and stability for the South and Brazil. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian NOHP is not being effective in reducing the OCMR. The trends behaved differently in the Brazilian territory, highlighting health inequities. We recommend that the NOHP strengthen the oral health care network, incorporating oral cancer as a notifiable disease, adopting strategies for prevention, screening, and providing opportunities for early treatment of the disease.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Boca , Neoplasias Primarias Secundarias , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiología , Inequidades en Salud , Análisis de Series de Tiempo Interrumpido
5.
PLoS One ; 18(7): e0284606, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37498839

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Little is known about the effect of maternal immunological factors on the etiology of developmental defects of enamel (DDE). RANTES (Regulated on Activation Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted) is a chemokine produced by fibroblasts, lymphoid and epithelial mucosa cells in response to various external stimuli. Despite its importance for embryogenesis, RANTES expression has been demonstrated in multiple diseases characterized by inflammation, tumor and immune response, and wound healing. We hypothesized that altered levels of RANTES during pregnancy are associated with the immune and inflammatory response in women, which could lead to the occurrence of DDE in utero (DDE-iu), directly or mediated by preterm birth. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of serum levels of RANTES in pregnant women in the occurrence of DDE-iu in children. METHODS: This is a longitudinal case-control study. The mothers and their children (327) were evaluated in three moments: prenatal care, post childbirth, and when the child was between 12.3 and 36 months of age. The analysis was performed with structural equation modeling, estimating the standardized coefficient (SC), adopting α = 5%. RESULTS: There was a direct and negative effect of RANTES on the outcome (SC = -0.137; p = 0.022). This association was not mediated by preterm birth (SC = 0.007; P = 0.551). When considering the specific types of DDE-iu, RANTES had a direct effect on hypoplasia (SC = -0.190; p = 0.007), but not on opacity (SC = 0.343; p = 0.074). CONCLUSION: Lower serum levels of RANTES may contribute to a higher number of teeth with DDE-iu, specifically hypoplasia. However, more evidence supported by clinical, laboratory and epidemiological studies is still needed.


Asunto(s)
Quimiocina CCL5 , Hipoplasia del Esmalte Dental , Defectos del Desarrollo del Esmalte , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Quimiocina CCL5/sangre , Nacimiento Prematuro , Diente Primario , Lactante , Preescolar
6.
Genes (Basel) ; 14(7)2023 06 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37510268

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Congenital myopathies are a group of clinically, genetically, and histologically heterogeneous diseases caused by mutations in a large group of genes. One of these is CACNA1S, which is recognized as the cause of Dihydropyridine Receptor Congenital Myopathy. METHODS: To better characterize the phenotypic spectrum of CACNA1S myopathy, we conducted a systematic review of cases in the literature through three electronic databases following the PRISMA guidelines. We selected nine articles describing 23 patients with heterozygous, homozygous, or compound heterozygous mutations in CACNA1S and we added one patient with a compound heterozygous mutation in CACNA1S (c.1394-2A>G; c.1724T>C, p.L575P) followed at our Institute. We collected clinical and genetic data, muscle biopsies, and muscle MRIs when available. RESULTS: The phenotype of this myopathy is heterogeneous, ranging from more severe forms with a lethal early onset and mild-moderate forms with a better clinical course. CONCLUSIONS: Our patient presented a phenotype compatible with the mild-moderate form, although she presented peculiar features such as a short stature, myopia, mild sensorineural hearing loss, psychiatric symptoms, and posterior-anterior impairment gradient on thigh muscle MRI.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Musculares , Miotonía Congénita , Femenino , Humanos , Canales de Calcio Tipo L/genética , Enfermedades Musculares/genética , Mutación , Músculo Esquelético/patología , Fenotipo , Miotonía Congénita/genética
7.
Ecotoxicology ; 32(5): 618-627, 2023 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37269410

RESUMEN

The aim of this study is to investigate for the first time the uptake and ecotoxicological effects of nanoplastics (NPs) in a marine cnidarian. Ephyrae of the moon jellyfish Aurelia sp. of different ages (0 and 7 days old) were exposed to negatively charged polystyrene NPs for 24 h; then, the uptake was assessed through traditional and novel techniques, namely microscopy and three-dimensional (3D) holotomography. Immobility and behavioral responses (frequency of pulsations) of ephyrae were also investigated to clarify if NP toxicity differed along the first life stages. NP uptake was observed in ephyrae thanks to the 3D technique. Such internalization did not affect survival, but it temporarily impaired the pulsation mode only in 0 day old ephyrae. This may be ascribed to the negative charged NPs, contributing to jellyfish behavioral alteration. These findings promote 3D holotomography as a suitable tool to detect NPs in marine organisms. Moreover, this study recommends the use of cnidarians of different ages to better assess NP ecotoxicological effects in these organisms, key components of the marine food web.


Asunto(s)
Escifozoos , Animales , Escifozoos/fisiología , Microplásticos/farmacología , Poliestirenos/farmacología , Ecotoxicología
8.
G Ital Nefrol ; 40(2)2023 Apr 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37179478

RESUMEN

Background. Pregnant women are at high risk of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) complications, including acute respiratory distress syndrome. Currently, one of the cornerstones in the treatment of this condition is lung-protective ventilation (LPV) with low tidal volumes. However, the occurrence of hypercapnia may limit this ventilatory strategy. So, different extracorporeal CO2 removal (ECCO2R) procedures have been developed. ECCO2R comprises a variety of techniques, including low-flow and high-flow systems, that may be performed with dedicated devices or combined with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Case description. Here, we report a unique case of a pregnant patient affected by COVID-19 who required extracorporeal support for multiorgan failure. While on LPV, because of the concomitant hypercapnia and acute kidney injury, the patient was treated with an ECCO2R membrane inserted in series after a hemofilter in a CRRT platform. This combined treatment reducing hypercapnia allowed LPV maintenance at the same time while providing kidney replacement and ensuring maternal and fetal hemodynamic stability. Adverse effects consisted of minor bleeding episodes due to the anticoagulation required to maintain the extracorporeal circuit patency. The patient's pulmonary and kidney function progressively recovered, permitting the withdrawal of any extracorporeal treatment. At the 25th gestational week, the patient underwent spontaneous premature vaginal delivery because of placental abruption. She gave birth to an 800-gram female baby, who three days later died because of multiorgan failure related to extreme prematurity. Conclusions. This case supports using ECCO2R-CRRT combined treatment as a suitable approach in the management of complex conditions, such as pregnancy, even in the case of severe COVID-19.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Terapia de Reemplazo Renal Continuo , Embarazo , Humanos , Femenino , Dióxido de Carbono , Hipercapnia/terapia , Terapia de Reemplazo Renal Continuo/efectos adversos , Circulación Extracorporea/efectos adversos , Circulación Extracorporea/métodos , COVID-19/complicaciones , COVID-19/terapia , Placenta , Terapia de Reemplazo Renal/efectos adversos
9.
Biomedicines ; 11(1)2023 Jan 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36672649

RESUMEN

Lung-protective ventilation (LPV) with low tidal volumes can significantly increase the survival of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by limiting ventilator-induced lung injuries. However, one of the main concerns regarding the use of LPV is the risk of developing hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis, which may limit the clinical application of this strategy. This is the reason why different extracorporeal CO2 removal (ECCO2R) techniques and devices have been developed. They include low-flow or high-flow systems that may be performed with dedicated platforms or, alternatively, combined with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). ECCO2R has demonstrated effectiveness in controlling PaCO2 levels, thus allowing LPV in patients with ARDS from different causes, including those affected by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Similarly, the suitability and safety of combined ECCO2R and CRRT (ECCO2R-CRRT), which provides CO2 removal and kidney support simultaneously, have been reported in both retrospective and prospective studies. However, due to the complexity of ARDS patients and the limitations of current evidence, the actual impact of ECCO2R on patient outcome still remains to be defined. In this review, we discuss the main principles of ECCO2R and its clinical application in ARDS patients, in particular looking at clinical experiences of combined ECCO2R-CRRT treatments.

10.
J Mol Cell Biol ; 14(11)2023 04 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36460033

RESUMEN

Peritoneal metastases (PM) from colorectal cancer (CRC) are associated with poor survival. The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a fundamental role in modulating the homing of CRC metastases to the peritoneum. The mechanisms underlying the interactions between metastatic cells and the ECM, however, remain poorly understood, and the number of in vitro models available for the study of the peritoneal metastatic process is limited. Here, we show that decellularized ECM of the peritoneal cavity allows the growth of organoids obtained from PM, favoring the development of three-dimensional (3D) nodules that maintain the characteristics of in vivo PM. Organoids preferentially grow on scaffolds obtained from neoplastic peritoneum, which are characterized by greater stiffness than normal scaffolds. A gene expression analysis of organoids grown on different substrates reflected faithfully the clinical and biological characteristics of the organoids. An impact of the ECM on the response to standard chemotherapy treatment for PM was also observed. The ex vivo 3D model, obtained by combining patient-derived decellularized ECM with organoids to mimic the metastatic niche, could be an innovative tool to develop new therapeutic strategies in a biologically relevant context to personalize treatments.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Colorrectales , Neoplasias Peritoneales , Humanos , Matriz Extracelular Descelularizada , Peritoneo , Neoplasias Peritoneales/metabolismo , Neoplasias Peritoneales/secundario , Neoplasias Peritoneales/terapia , Organoides , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo
11.
J Aging Phys Act ; 31(2): 223-229, 2023 04 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36084930

RESUMEN

The Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities (PASIPD) is not available to Portuguese-Brazil. This study translates, cross-culturally adapts, and validates the PASIPD for Brazilian individuals with Parkinson's disease. The translation process followed guidelines: initial translation, synthesis, back translation, expert committee, and pretest. The validation and reliability processes were conducted with 40 individuals (15 men and 25 women) with Parkinson's disease. Concurrent validity was evaluated between PASIPD to Brazilian Portuguese, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and Human Activity Profile. PASIPD to Brazilian Portuguese was found to be moderately correlated with International Physical Activity Questionnaire (r = .474, p < .05); however, there was no correlation with Human Activity Profile (r = .271, p < .05). We used the intrarater reliability with intraclass correlation coefficient and test-retest. Intrarater reliability was high (intraclass correlation coefficient = .80). Internal consistency was considered adequate by Cronbach's alpha (α = .70). PASIPD to Brazilian Portuguese is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating physical activity levels in Brazilian individuals with Parkinson's disease.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Parkinson , Masculino , Humanos , Femenino , Brasil , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Enfermedad de Parkinson/diagnóstico , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Comparación Transcultural , Psicometría
12.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 28(12): 3587-3597, 2023. tab, graf
Artículo en Portugués | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528289

RESUMEN

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar indicadores de uso de serviços de saúde bucal da atenção primária à saúde no Maranhão antes e durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Estudo ecológico de série temporal interrompida cuja unidade de análise foi o Maranhão. A exposição foi a pandemia de COVID-19, dicotomizada em pré e pandemia. Os desfechos foram calculados pela razão da quantidade de procedimentos preventivos (RPP), de urgência (RPU) e procedimentos curativos (RPC), e a projeção censitária da população do estado, multiplicada por mil, mensalmente. Os dados foram coletados do Sistema de Informação em Saúde para a Atenção Básica e do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, no período de 2015.1 a 2022.2. As análises foram realizadas por meio do modelo autorregressivo, integrado e de médias móveis com sazonalidade. Houve tendência crescente dos três indicadores até jan./2019. A pandemia causou redução significativa na RPP (Xreg = -6,55; p-valor = 0,0008) e na RPC (Xreg = -4,74; p-valor = 0,0005), mas não influenciou a RPU (Xreg = -0,03; p-valor = 0,12) desde o primeiro semestre de 2020, persistindo até o segundo semestre de 2022. A pandemia de COVID-19 provocou redução nos serviços preventivos e curativos de saúde bucal no Maranhão.


Abstract This article aims to analyze indicators of the utilization of oral health services (UOHS) in primary health care in the state of Maranhão, Brazil, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted an ecological time series study. The unit of analysis was the state of Maranhão, and the exposure variable was the COVID-19 pandemic, dichotomized into pre-pandemic and pandemic. The outcome variables were the monthly rates per 1,000 population of three UOHS indicators: rate of preventive procedures (RPP-PHC); rate of urgent procedures (RUP-PHC), and rate of curative procedures (RCP-PHC). The data were collected from the Primary Health Care Information System (SISAB) and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) for the period from 2015-2022. The analyses were performed using the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model. The three indicators showed an upward trend up to January 2019. The pandemic caused a significant reduction in the RPP (Xreg = -6.55; p-value = 0.0008) and RCP (Xreg = -4.74; p-value = 0.0005), starting in the first semester of 2020 and continuing into the second semester of 2022, but did not influence the RUP (Xreg = -0.03; p-value = 0.12). The COVID-19 pandemic caused a reduction in preventive and curative oral health services in Maranhão.

13.
Rev Panam Salud Publica ; 46: e208, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36569580

RESUMEN

Objective: To assess the effect of coverage of the Bolsa Família Program (BFP) on oral cancer mortality rates in Brazil between 2005 and 2017, adjusting for health care coverage and socioeconomic characteristics of the Brazilian federative units. Methods: This is an ecological study using annual data (2005-2017) from all the Brazilian federative units. The dependent variable for this study was the oral cancer mortality rate, standardized by gender and age using the direct standardization technique. BFP coverage was the main independent variable, calculated as the ratio of the number of BFP beneficiaries to those families that should potentially be entitled to this conditional cash transfer. Socioeconomic background and health care coverage were covariables. Choropleth maps were drawn, and space-time cube analysis was used to assess changes in the spatiotemporal distribution of BFP and oral cancer mortality rates. Mixed-effects linear regression analysis estimated the coefficients (ß) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between BFP coverage and oral cancer mortality rates. Results: BFP coverage trends increased and oral cancer mortality rate trends stabilized in Brazilian federative units, except for Maranhão, Goiás, and Minas Gerais, where the oral cancer mortality rates have increased. In the adjusted model, greater BFP coverage was associated with lower oral cancer mortality rates (ß -2.10; 95% CI [-3.291, -0.919]). Conclusions: Egalitarian strategies such as BFP can reduce the oral cancer mortality rate. We recommend the follow-up of families benefiting from conditional cash transfer program by oral health teams to reduce the oral cancer mortality rate.

14.
Toxics ; 10(8)2022 Aug 17.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36006158

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to investigate the ecotoxicity of polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) and polylactic acid (PLA) microplastics (MPs) in two marine zooplankton: the crustacean Artemia franciscana and the cnidarian Aurelia sp. (common jellyfish). To achieve this goal, (i) MP uptake, (ii) immobility, and (iii) behavior (swimming speed, pulsation mode) of crustacean larval stages and jellyfish ephyrae exposed to MPs concentrations (1, 10, 100 mg/L) were assessed for 24 h. Using traditional and novel techniques, i.e., epifluorescence microscopy and 3D holotomography (HT), PVDF and PLA MPs were found in the digestive systems of the crustaceans and in the gelatinous tissue of jellyfish. Immobility was not affected in either organism, while a significant behavioral alteration in terms of pulsation mode was found in jellyfish after exposure to both PVDF and PLA MPs. Moreover, PLA MPs exposure in jellyfish induced a toxic effect (EC50: 77.43 mg/L) on the behavioral response. This study provides new insights into PLA and PVDF toxicity with the potential for a large impact on the marine ecosystem, since jellyfish play a key role in the marine food chain. However, further investigations incorporating additional species belonging to other trophic levels are paramount to better understand and clarify the impact of such polymers at micro scale in the marine environment. These findings suggest that although PVDF and PLA have been recently proposed as innovative and, in the case of PLA, biodegradable polymers, their effects on marine biota should not be underestimated.

15.
Gait Posture ; 97: 130-136, 2022 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35932689

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Postural impairment is one of the most debilitating symptoms in people with Parkinson's disease (PD), which show faster and more variable oscillation during quiet stance than neurologically healthy individuals. Despite the center of pressure parameters can characterize PD's body sway, they are limited to uncover underlying mechanisms of postural stability and instability. RESEARCH QUESTION: Do a multiple domain analysis, including postural adaptability and rambling and trembling components, explain underlying postural stability and instability mechanisms in people with PD? METHOD: Twenty-four individuals (12 people with PD and 12 neurologically healthy peers) performed three 60-s trials of upright quiet standing on a force platform. Traditional and non-linear parameters (Detrended Fluctuation Analysis- DFA and Multiscale Entropy- MSE) and rambling and trembling trajectories were calculated for anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions. RESULTS: PDG's postural control was worse compared to CG, displaying longer displacement, higher velocity, and RMS. Univariate analyses revealed largely longer displacement and RMS only for the AP direction and largely higher velocity for both AP and ML directions. Also, PD individuals showed lower AP complexity, higher AP and ML DFA, and increased AP and ML displacement, velocity, and RMS of rambling and trembling components compared to neurologically healthy individuals. SIGNIFICANCE: Based upon these results, people with PD have a lower capacity to adapt posture and impaired both rambling and trembling components compared to neurologically healthy individuals. These findings provide new insights to explain the larger, faster, and more variable sway in people with PD.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Parkinson , Humanos , Enfermedad de Parkinson/complicaciones , Equilibrio Postural , Postura , Posición de Pie
16.
Mar Pollut Bull ; 181: 113916, 2022 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35810651

RESUMEN

Geographical and temporal differences of microplastic occurrence were documented in water and fish collected in 2017 and 2019 from the Giglio Island (North Tyrrhenian Sea) close to the area where the Costa Concordia sank in January 2012. Results on water samples showed a site-dependent difference, suggesting the role of surface current dynamics in the microplastic local distribution, while tested Neuston nets (200 µm and 330 µm mesh size) did not influence microplastic retention efficiency. Fish exhibited in 2019 a higher frequency of specimens positive to microplastic ingestion with respect to 2017, with an occurrence higher than those typically observed in other Mediterranean areas. Both in water and fish, fragments were the dominating shape, polypropylene and polyethylene were the prevalent polymers, without particular difference between sites and years. This study highlights the importance of applying microplastic investigation in biotic and abiotic matrices for an effective monitoring of this pollution in the marine environment.


Asunto(s)
Microplásticos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Animales , Organismos Acuáticos , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Peces , Plásticos , Agua de Mar , Agua , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis
17.
Ecotoxicology ; 31(7): 1078-1086, 2022 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35838933

RESUMEN

Bioassays are extensively used in ecotoxicology and there is a constant need for even more sensitive, reliable and easy to rear and obtain model organisms. Larvae of the crustacean Amphibalanus amphitrite are a good ecotoxicological model, for their high sensitivity to a wide range of toxicants and emerging contaminants. A standardized protocol for this toxicity bioassay has been recently proposed. Nevertheless, a limit of this model organism is the lack of resting stages and the need to use larvae immediately after their release from adults, thus increasing laboratory efforts related to the maintenance of adults. The aim of this work is to verify if short-term cold storage of A. amphitrite larvae prior to use in ecotoxicological tests may affect the ecotoxicological responses of these organisms. Three end-points (mortality, immobilization and swimming speed alteration) were measured on nauplii after storing them at 4 ± 1 °C for different times (24, 72 and 120 h) before bioassay set-up. Bioassays were set up using: (i) clean filtered natural sea water (0.22 µm FNSW), (ii) a reference toxicant (Cadmium Nitrate) and (iii) an environmental matrix (sediment elutriate). Results show that mortality, differently from the other two endpoints, was not affected by cold-storage. Even after 5 days of larvae storage at 4 ± 1 °C before bioassay set up, mortality data were comparable to those obtained for non-cold-stored organisms. Moreover, larval sensitivity to the reference toxicant and sediment elutriate did not change. Regarding the other two end points, low cadmium concentrations significantly changed immobility and swimming activity in cold-stored nauplii compared to larvae used immediately after larval release. In conclusion, short-term cold storage of A. amphitrite nauplii before bioassay set up is an appropriate procedure in ecotoxicological testing if mortality is the endpoint to be considered for final evaluation.


Asunto(s)
Thoracica , Animales , Bioensayo/métodos , Cadmio , Ecotoxicología , Larva
18.
Front Psychol ; 13: 718313, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35664184

RESUMEN

COVID-19 in Brazil is threatening, and it has forced the government to adopt partial lockdown as a strategy to stop the spread of the virus in the first wave of pandemic (March 2020). These preventive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic may affect the motor and non-motor symptoms in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Multiple sclerosis (MS). Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the perception during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on motor and non-motor symptoms, and also measure physical activity level, quality of life, and sleep quality in Brazilian people with PD and MS. One hundred and fifty-three participants (PD-97 and MS-56) answered an online survey to identify the perception of motor and non-motor symptoms, and characterize the physical activity level, and quality of life and sleep in these neurological Brazillian population. During the beginning of pandemic lockdown in Brazil, our results indicated that 69% of people with PD and 55% of people with MS reported worse on motor aspects and lower amount of physical activity performed. Also, 75.2% (PD) and 92.9% (MS) of our cohort were considered inactive or sedentary. Based on the perception and behavior of the population studied, people with PD and MS should be encouraged to perform more physical activity in order to reduce the effects of isolation in motor and non-motor aspects of the diseases. Teleinterventions, such as home-based exercise, should be included in the new routine of people with PD and MS to reduce the impacts of lockdown and to maintain quality of life at a good level.

19.
G Ital Nefrol ; 39(2)2022 Apr 21.
Artículo en Italiano | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35470994

RESUMEN

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary kidney disease, responsible for 10% of patients on renal replacement therapy. The disease is well known to be associated with many extrarenal manifestations. Leukopenia may also be present, even if it is not commonly identified as a typical extrarenal manifestation. Herein we describe two case reports of ADPKD patients with leukopenia. The first case is about a 47-year-old patient affected by ADPKD, regularly treated with peritoneal dialysis, who showed a progressive reduction of white blood cell count, mostly of lymphocytes. Lymphocytic leukopenia was so severe that, when he was called for transplantation from a deceased donor, he was considered temporarily not eligible. We then describe a second ADPKD patient regularly treated with peritoneal dialysis, who had stable lymphopenia for years. Six years after starting PD, it was necessary to perform bone marrow aspirate to investigate the simultaneous presence of hypogammaglobulinemia together with M-protein and to exclude monoclonal gammopathy. All the exams performed did not show any significant results, the patients were re-included in the waiting list and one of them was transplanted. Given our experience and what is reported in the literature, there seems to be enough evidence to consider leukopenia as an extrarenal manifestation of ADPKD. However, the clinical significance of leukopenia in ADPKD patients is not known. It could be interesting to investigate the leucocytes' function and if ADPKD patients with leukopenia are more susceptible to infection, or not. Moreover, it would be very useful to analyze the relationship between such manifestation and genotype/phenotype.


Asunto(s)
Trasplante de Riñón , Leucopenia , Diálisis Peritoneal , Enfermedades Renales Poliquísticas , Riñón Poliquístico Autosómico Dominante , Femenino , Humanos , Leucopenia/complicaciones , Masculino , Enfermedades Renales Poliquísticas/complicaciones , Riñón Poliquístico Autosómico Dominante/complicaciones , Riñón Poliquístico Autosómico Dominante/cirugía
20.
J Biomech ; 133: 110890, 2022 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35121381

RESUMEN

This study aimed to investigate if the impairing in postural control, induced by ankle fatiguing exercise, remains after 24/48 h in young adults. Center of Pressure (CoP) was assessed in 16 participants (23 ± 3 years old) before, immediately after an ankle fatigability induction protocol (FI) and after 24 or 48 h of recovery using two 60-s trials with eyes open (EO) and closed (EC). The FI consisted of performing the ankle plantar flexion and dorsiflexion movement repeatedly (0.5 Hz). Ankle muscle fatigability increased CoP anterior-posterior (AP - p < 0.02) and medial-lateral (ML - p < 0.009) root mean square (RMS), and AP (p < 0.01) mean velocity immediately after compared to before FI. These effects remained after 24/48 h of recovery: higher CoP AP (p < 0.03) and ML (p < 0.009) RMS. No significant effects for detrend fluctuation analysis and entropy analysis among periods of postural evaluations was found. Fatigue*visual condition interaction revealed an increased AP median frequency (p < 0.001) during EC compared to EO only immediately after FI. Young adults' body sway remains impaired until 48 h, but not the postural control adaptability and complexity. Visual information may not attenuate the late deleterious ankle muscle fatigability effects. Individuals should be cautious during balance tasks and exercise after fatiguing exercise in the next 24/48 h, therefore avoiding unbalances and falls.


Asunto(s)
Articulación del Tobillo , Tobillo , Adulto , Articulación del Tobillo/fisiología , Humanos , Fatiga Muscular/fisiología , Músculos , Equilibrio Postural/fisiología , Adulto Joven
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