Infrared radiative transfer dataset: Comparisons of HITRAN2020, HITRAN2016, and MT_CKD versions 3.2 & 4.1.1 across five model atmospheres.

This dataset presents the outputs of a series of experiments conducted varying combinations of two versions of the High Resolution Transmission (HITRAN) database (2016 and 2020) and two versions of the MT_CKD water vapor (WV) continuum model (3.2 and 4.1.1) across five distinct model atmospheres. The primary objective of compiling this dataset was to assess the impacts of updated spectroscopic parameters and water vapor continuum models on atmospheric radiative transfer calculations. The line-by-line calculations were performed by the Reference Foward Model (RFM). Key atmospheric gases, namely H2O, CO2, O3, CH4, CO, N2O, and O2, are prescribed at each atmospheric model. The dataset includes calculations with all gases present as well as experiments removing individual gases (specifically, CO2, O3, and H2O). It gathers upward and downward radiation fluxes, and cooling rates. The dataset is available in a compressed .tar file format, where each file contains 880 individual text files representing specific atmospheric heights. This collection is designed to facilitate further research in atmospheric science, particularly for validating other radiative transfer models and improving the understanding of atmospheric energy dynamics.

Fuzzy and spatial analysis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Pará State, Brazilian Amazon: an ecological and exploratory study.

INTRODUCTION: This study sought to analyze the relationships between cutaneous leishmaniasis and its epidemiological, environmental and socioeconomic conditions, in the 22 microregions of Pará state, Brazil, for the period from 2017 to 2022. METHODOLOGY: In this ecological and exploratory study, the microregions were used as spatial units because they are formed by contiguous municipalities with similar characteristics. The epidemiological, environmental, socioeconomic, and public health policy data employed were obtained from the official information systems at the Ministry of Health, National Institute for Space Research, and Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. A fuzzy system was developed to identify risk factors for the disease, using Python programming language. The results were analyzed with the bivariate Global Moran spatial analysis technique. RESULTS: It was observed that the Altamira microregion had the highest risk percentage for the disease, while Breves had the lowest, with significant differences in the relevance of its conditioning factors, mainly related to land use and cover patterns, in addition to demography and living conditions index, education and public health policies. CONCLUSIONS: The fuzzy system associated with the geostatistical technique was satisfactory for identifying areas with health vulnerability gradients related to deforestation, pasture, poverty, illiteracy, and health services coverage, as its conditioning variables. Thus, it was demonstrated that deforestation was the main risk factor for the disease. The system can also be used in environmental and epidemiological surveillance.

Prognostic Scores for Mortality in Invasive Mechanically Ventilated Burn Patients.

INTRODUCTION: Managing burn patients is a challenge requiring a multidisciplinary team with the ability to predict complications and act early to avoid them. There are few studies characterizing the population of critically ill burn patients in need of ventilatory support. This study aimed to describe the population of burn patients in need of invasive mechanical ventilation support and assess in-hospital mortality and the factors associated with it. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A longitudinal retrospective study was conducted, including burn patients admitted to a tertiary hospital burn unit over five consecutive years, who required invasive mechanical ventilation support during their hospitalization. Demographic data, comorbidities, characteristics of the injury scene, etiology, and characteristics of the burn were collected. Length of mechanical ventilation and hospitalization as well as mortality rate were evaluated. The determination of mortality predictors and the prognostic performance of mortality prediction scores were analyzed. A one-year follow-up was performed to evaluate the survival of discharged patients. RESULTS: A total of 141 patients were included in this study; 68.1% patients were male with a median age of 58 years. The mean percentage of total body surface area (TBSA) burned was 24.5%. Home incidents were the most frequent, and fire was the most common cause of burns (80.9% of patients). The mean Abbreviated Burn Severity Index Score (ABSI) was 7.83, with an area under the curve in receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis (AUC_ROC) of 0.725; the mean Belgium Outcome of Burn Injury (BOBI) score was 3.45, with AUC_ROC of 0.740 and mean R-Baux of 89.1 and AUC_ROC of 0.834. The mean duration of invasive mechanical ventilation was 16.9±19.3 days. Age (p<0.001), length of mechanical ventilation (p<0.001), length of hospitalization (p<0.001), higher degree of burn (p=0.001), TBSA (p=0.040), and the presence of buttock burn (0.006) were associated with mortality in this sample. In-hospital mortality was 29.8%. The survival group had a 12% death rate at one-year follow-up, mostly in the first three months after discharge. CONCLUSION: Age, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of hospitalization, higher degree of burn, TBSA, and the presence of buttock burn were associated with mortality in this sample. R-Baux score was the most accurate test score to predict mortality in this challenging group of patients.

Avaliação do potencial erosivo de bebidas ácidas / Evaluation of the erosive potential of acid drinks

Objetivo: o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, in vitro, o potencial erosivo para o esmalte dentário de bebidas ácidas, comumente ingeridas pela população e encontradas com frequência no comércio da grande Florianópolis, SC, Brasil. Método: a mensuração do potencial erosivo das bebidas foi realizada através da detecção do potencial hidrogeniônico (pH) e acidez titulável (AT). A amostra foi composta por refrigerantes à base de cola, Coca-Cola® e Pepsi®; isotônicos Gatorade®-morango e maracujá e Powerade®-mix de frutas; Chás industrializados Natural Tea®-limão e Chá Matte Leão®-natural; energéticos Red Bull® e Monster Energy®; sucos naturais de Laranja Pera e de Limão Taiti; água saborizada H2OH!®-sabor limão; e água mineral, para o grupo controle. O pH foi aferido com pHmetro digital (Sensoglass SP1800) e para a AT foi utilizado o método padronizado pelo Instituto Adolfo Lutz, todos os ensaios foram realizados em triplicata. Para a análise estatística descritiva, foram empregados teste t e a ANOVA. Resultados: os menores valores de pH foram encontrados para a bebida Coca-Cola® e suco de limão com 2,3. Para AT, as amostras que apresentaram os maiores valores foram os sucos naturais, com 35,1 para o suco de limão e 13,5 para o suco de laranja. Todas as bebidas analisadas possuem potencial erosivo ao esmalte dental, por apresentarem valores de pH menores que 5,5. Quanto as mensurações de AT, os sucos naturais apresentaram os maiores valores. Conclusão: todas as bebidas do estudo foram consideradas iminentemente erosivas à estrutura dental.(AU)

Objetivo: o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, in vitro, o potencial erosivo para o esmalte dentário de bebidas ácidas, comumente ingeridas pela população e encontradas com frequência no comércio da grande Florianópolis, SC, Brasil. Método: a mensuração do potencial erosivo das bebidas foi realizada através da detecção do potencial hidrogeniônico (pH) e acidez titulável (AT). A amostra foi composta por refrigerantes à base de cola, Coca-Cola® e Pepsi®; isotônicos Gatorade®-morango e maracujá e Powerade®-mix de frutas; Chás industrializados Natural Tea®-limão e Chá Matte Leão®-natural; energéticos Red Bull® e Monster Energy®; sucos naturais de Laranja Pera e de Limão Taiti; água saborizada H2OH!®-sabor limão; e água mineral, para o grupo controle. O pH foi aferido com pHmetro digital (Sensoglass SP1800) e para a AT foi utilizado o método padronizado pelo Instituto Adolfo Lutz, todos os ensaios foram realizados em triplicata. Para a análise estatística descritiva, foram empregados teste t e a ANOVA. Resultados: os menores valores de pH foram encontrados para a bebida Coca-Cola® e suco de limão com 2,3. Para AT, as amostras que apresentaram os maiores valores foram os sucos naturais, com 35,1 para o suco de limão e 13,5 para o suco de laranja. Todas as bebidas analisadas possuem potencial erosivo ao esmalte dental, por apresentarem valores de pH menores que 5,5. Quanto as mensurações de AT, os sucos naturais apresentaram os maiores valores. Conclusão: todas as bebidas do estudo foram consideradas iminentemente erosivas à estrutura dental.(AU)

Septic Embolism Associated With Periodontal Disease: A Case Report.

Parvimonas micra and Provetella oralis are two commensal anaerobic bacteria of the human oral cavity. Anaerobic bacteria infections are uncommon and require a high index of suspicion and a quick start of appropriate treatment. We present a patient with multifocal infiltrates compatible with septic embolism (lung, liver, and spleen emboli) and polymicrobial bacteremia with Parvimonas micra and Provetella oralis. Periodontal disease appears to be the main cause of this disseminated infection.

Validation of the Opening Minds Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC): Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Brazilian Version.

Stigma towards people with mental illness is also present among health professionals. The study validated and estimated the reliability, dimensionality and structure of the Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC) scale in Brazil. In this methodological study, health professionals (n = 199) from Family Health Units in Brazil were recruited by convenience sampling. The EFA conducted with 16 items resulted in four factors. The Cronbach's Alpha for the OMS scale was 0.74, which is considered to reflect reasonable reliability. The data presented contribute to the use of the scale in studies that investigate the level of stigma among health professionals towards people with mental illness, as well as in the development of anti-stigma interventions in this context.

Malaria and environmental, socioeconomics and public health conditions in the municipality of São Félix do Xingu, Pará, Eastern Amazon, Brazil: An ecological and cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Malaria is a parasitosis conditioned by several factors. This study sought to analyze the spatial distribution of malaria considering environmental, socioeconomic, and political variables in São Félix do Xingu, Pará, Brazil, from 2014 to 2020. METHODS: Epidemiological, cartographic, and environmental data were obtained from the Ministry of Health, Brazilian Geographical and Statistical Institute, and National Space Research Institute. Statistical and spatial distribution analyses were performed using chi-squared tests of expected equal proportions and the kernel and bivariate global Moran's techniques with Bioestat 5.0 and ArcGIS 10.5.1. RESULTS: The highest percentage of cases occurred in adult males with brown skin color, mainly placer miners, with a primary education level, living in rural areas, who were infected with Plasmodium vivax and with parasitemia of two or three crosses as diagnosed by the thick drop/smear test. The disease had a non-homogeneous distribution, with distinct annual parasite indices associated with administrative districts and clusters of cases in locations with deforestation, mining, and pastures close to Conservation Units and Indigenous Lands. Thus, a direct relationship between areas with cases and environmental degradation associated with land use was demonstrated, along with the precarious availability of health services. Pressure on protected areas and epidemiological silence in Indigenous Lands were also noted. CONCLUSIONS: Environmental and socioeconomic circuits were identified for development of diseases associated with precarious health services in the municipality. These findings highlight the need to intensify malaria surveillance and contribute to the systematic knowledge of malaria's epidemiology by considering the complexity of its conditioning factors.

A data driven approach to mineral chemistry unveils magmatic processes associated with long-lasting, low-intensity volcanic activity.

The most frequent volcanic eruptions are of low-intensity and small magnitude. They produce abundant ash-sized (< 2 mm) clasts, which are too small to establish quantitative links between magmatic processes and eruptive dynamics using classic approaches. This inhibits our ability to study the past behaviour of frequently erupting volcanoes, essential to predict their future activity and mitigate their impact. The Palizzi unit (10-13th century, Vulcano, Italy) includes a prototype sequence of ash deposits resulting from prolonged Vulcanian eruptions punctuated by those of two larger sub-Plinian events. We apply Hierarchical Clustering to chemical analyses of clinopyroxene collected along the stratigraphy to decipher magma dynamics during this eruptive period. We identify periods of magma input and we link deep magmatic processes to eruptive dynamics, also showing that our approach can be used to connect magma and eruptive dynamics in any volcanic sequence. This is essential to track the processes occurring during frequent eruptions and to identify the build-up to larger explosive events.

Malaria and environmental, socioeconomics and public health conditions in the municipality of São Félix do Xingu, Pará, Eastern Amazon, Brazil: An ecological and cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Background: Malaria is a parasitosis conditioned by several factors. This study sought to analyze the spatial distribution of malaria considering environmental, socioeconomic, and political variables in São Félix do Xingu, Pará, Brazil, from 2014 to 2020. Methods: Epidemiological, cartographic, and environmental data were obtained from the Ministry of Health, Brazilian Geographical and Statistical Institute, and National Space Research Institute. Statistical and spatial distribution analyses were performed using chi-squared tests of expected equal proportions and the kernel and bivariate global Moran's techniques with Bioestat 5.0 and ArcGIS 10.5.1. Results: The highest percentage of cases occurred in adult males with brown skin color, mainly placer miners, with a primary education level, living in rural areas, who were infected with Plasmodium vivax and with parasitemia of two or three crosses as diagnosed by the thick drop/smear test. The disease had a non-homogeneous distribution, with distinct annual parasite indices associated with administrative districts and clusters of cases in locations with deforestation, mining, and pastures close to Conservation Units and Indigenous Lands. Thus, a direct relationship between areas with cases and environmental degradation associated with land use was demonstrated, along with the precarious availability of health services. Pressure on protected areas and epidemiological silence in Indigenous Lands were also noted. Conclusions: Environmental and socioeconomic circuits were identified for development of diseases associated with precarious health services in the municipality. These findings highlight the need to intensify malaria surveillance and contribute to the systematic knowledge of malaria's epidemiology by considering the complexity of its conditioning factors.

Comprometimento cognitivo e fatores associados em uma população de idosos / Cognitive impairment and associated factors in a population of aged people

Resumo Introdução: O envelhecimento populacional está entre as transformações globais mais importantes. Na população idosa, há prevalência aumentada de condições crônicas que comprometem a autonomia relacionadas ao comprometimento cognitivo. Objetivo: Este estudo buscou estimar a prevalência de comprometimento cognitivo e os fatores associados em uma população de idosos. Método: Trata-se de pesquisa transversal analítica envolvendo idosos com 60 anos ou mais, cadastrados na Estratégia Saúde da Família de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Para caracterização dos fatores sociodemográficos, hábitos de vida e condições de saúde, utilizou-se o instrumento Brazilian Older Americans Researches and Service Multidimensional Function Assessment Questionnaire; para avaliação cognitiva, o Mini Exame do Estado Mental, e os resultados, ajustados por escolaridade na análise de regressão logística binária, com apresentação de odds ratio (OR) e intervalos de confiança (IC) de 95%. Resultados: Dos 1.746 idosos avaliados, 11,5% apresentaram comprometimento cognitivo. Os fatores de risco associados foram idosos acima de 80 anos (OR=4,463; IC95% 3,160-6,304); analfabetos (OR=3,996; IC95% 2,716-5,791); sem companheiro (OR=1,989; IC95% 1,388-2,850); sedentários (OR=1,777; IC95% 1,208-2,613) e com histórico de Acidente Vascular Cerebral (OR=3,635; IC95% 2,213-5,971). Conclusões: Comprometimento cognitivo foi associado a variáveis passíveis de ações preventivas, como o acesso à escolarização e hábitos de vida saudáveis.

Abstract Background: Population aging is among the most important global transformations. In the elderly population, there is an increased prevalence of chronic conditions that compromise autonomy, related to cognitive impairment. Objective: This study sought to estimate the prevalence of cognitive impairment and associated factors in an elderly population. Method: This is a cross-sectional and analytical survey involving elderly people aged 60 years old or older, registered with the Family Health Strategy of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. To characterize sociodemographic factors, life habits and health conditions, the Brazilian Older Americans Researches and Service Multidimensional Function Assessment Questionnaire was used; for cognitive evaluation, the Mini Mental State Examination, and the results adjusted for education in the binary logistic regression analysis, with the presentation of odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Of the 1,746 aged individuals evaluated, 11.5% presented cognitive impairment. The associated risk factors were elderly over 80 years old (OR=4.463; 95%CI 3.160-6.304); illiterate (OR=3.996; 95%CI 2.716-5.791); without companion (OR=1.989; 95%CI 1.388-2.850); sedentary (OR=1.777; 95%CI 1.208-2.613), and with a history of stroke (OR=3.635; 95%CI 2.213-5.971). Conclusions: Cognitive commitment was associated with variables susceptible to preventive actions, such as access to schooling and healthy living habits.

Tarefa Escolar: Suporte parental e desempenho nas funções executivas / Homework: Parental support and performance in executive functions

As funções executivas (FEs) são um conjunto de habilidades mentais que permitem ao indivíduo regular o comportamento e o pensamento com o objetivo de atingir metas. Na relação entre pais e filhos as práticas parentais de suporte têm fator de impacto positivo no desenvolvimento das FEs. Dentre as atividades comuns à criança, a tarefa escolar, quando mediada pelo suporte parental, pode ter relação com o funcionamento executivo infantil. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi verificar a associação entre o suporte oferecido por pais na tarefa escolar e o desempenho nas FEs nucleares (controle inibitório, memória de trabalho e flexibilidade cognitiva) de seu filho. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório de abordagem quantitativa. Participaram 62 díades de pais e sua criança, com idades entre 7 e 9 anos, alunos de duas escolas particulares. Os pais responderam ao Questionário de Suporte Parental, enquanto as FEs das crianças foram avaliadas por três instrumentos: Tarefa de Fluência Verbal Livre, Escala Wechsler de Inteligência para Crianças - Subteste Dígitos, Teste dos Cinco Dígitos e Neupsilin-Inf - Subteste Span de Pseudopalavras. Os resultados da Análise de Correlação de Pearson entre o suporte parental e as FEs indicaram correlação significativa e positiva, embora de baixa magnitude, entre organização e flexibilidade cognitiva e correlação negativa entre planejamento e flexibilidade cognitiva. Discute-se a possibilidade de que a qualidade, em detrimento da frequência do suporte parental durante a realização da tarefa escolar, tenha maior impacto no funcionamento executivo das crianças.

Executive functions (EFs) are a set of mental abilities that allow the individual to regulate behavior and thinking to achieve goals. In the relationship between parents and children, supportive parenting practices positively impact the development of EFs. Among the activities common to children, homework, when mediated by parental support, may be related to children's executive functioning. The objective of this research was to verify the association between the support offered by parents in the homework and the performance in the core EFs (inhibitory control, working memory and cognitive flexibility) of their child. This is an exploratory study with a quantitative approach. The participants were 62 dyads of parents and their children, aged between 7 and 9 years, students from two private schools. Parents answered the Parental Support Questionnaire while the children's EFs were assessed by three instruments: Free Verbal Fluency Task, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Digits Subtest, Five Digits Test, and Neupsilin-Inf - Pseudowords Span Subtest. The results of Pearson's Correlation Analysis between parental support and EFs indicate significant and positive correlation, although of low magnitude, between organization and cognitive flexibility and negative correlation between planning and cognitive flexibility. It is discussed the possibility that quality, to the detriment of the frequency of parental support during homework, has a greater impact on children's executive functioning.

IgA quantification as a good predictor of the neutralizing antibodies levels after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.

Background: Vaccination against COVID-19 was implemented very quickly, but the emergence of new variants that can evade the previous acquired immunological protection highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms involved in the immune response generated after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. Objectives: Since most of our knowledge on the humoral immunity generated against SARS-CoV-2 has been obtained from studies with infected patients before vaccination, our goal here was to evaluate seroconversion and its correlation with the titers of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in individuals who received the complete initial recommended vaccination schedule with three different vaccines. Study design: We analyzed serum IgG, IgA and total NAbs against the trimeric SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein or its receptor binding domain (RBD) in blood samples collected from 118 healthy individuals without known previous infection, before and after receiving the first and the second dose of CoronaVac (n = 18), ChAdOx-1 (n = 68) or BNT162b2 (n = 32) vaccines. Results: We found that although IgG titers were high in all sera collected after the two doses of these vaccines, NAbs amounts varies among the groups. In contrast, serum NAbs concentrations were much more comparable to the IgA levels, indicating that these antibodies would have a major neutralizing capacity against SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: Altogether our data suggest that quantification of serum anti-S or anti-RBD IgA, rather than IgG, may be a valuable tool to screen NAbs and may be considered for surveillance of vaccine coverage.

The European Pine Marten Martes martes (Linnaeus, 1758) Is Autochthonous in Sicily and Constitutes a Well-Characterised Major Phylogroup within the Species (Carnivora, Mustelidae).

No molecular data are currently available for the Sicilian populations of the European pine marten Martes martes, thus preventing any sound inference about its native or non-native status on the island, as well as the local phylogeography of the species. In order to investigate these issues, we sequenced two mtDNA markers in road-killed specimens collected in Sicily. Both markers consistently demonstrated the existence of a well-characterised Sicilian clade of the species, which is endemic to the island and constitutes the sister group of a clade including the Mediterranean and Central-North European major phylogroups of the European pine marten. Such evidence supports the autochthony of Martes martes in Sicily and points to a natural Pleistocene colonisation of the island followed by isolation. The occurrence of a, to date undetected, major phylogroup of the species in Sicily calls for the dedicated monitoring of the Sicilian populations of the species in order to preserve this evolutionarily significant unit.

Atenção domiciliar na saúde pública: perspectiva macro, meso e microrregional em Minas Gerais, Brasil / Home care in public health: macro, meso and microrregional perspectives in Minas Gerais, Brazil / Atención domiciliaria en salud pública: perspectivas macro, meso y microrregionales en Minas Gerais, Brasil

Objetivo: Investigardados de atenção domiciliar na saúde pública, a partir da perspectiva macro, meso e microrregional no âmbito de Minas Gerais (MG), Brasil. Método: Estudo com delineamento ecológico. Os dados foram extraídos do Sistema de Informação em Saúde para a Atenção Básica (SISAB) do Ministério da Saúdebrasileiroe se referem aosatendimentosdomiciliaresefetuados no período de2016 a 2018. Exploraram-se as variáveis estratificadas por:sexo, modalidade de atenção domiciliar 1, 2 ou 3, atendimento programado ou não, visita pós-óbito e desfecho. Considerou-se a perspectiva macro o estado de Minas Gerais, mesoa região do norte do estadoe microrregional omunicípio de Montes Claros (MG).Resultados:Em Minas Geraisforam efetuados 665.395atendimentos domiciliares, com maior frequência para assistência às mulheres (51,72%).Observou-se que osatendimentos programados apresentaram frequênciasacima de 95%. No período avaliado, houve aumentodevisitas domiciliaresapós o óbito do paciente. A modalidade de atendimento domiciliar2 foi a mais prevalente nas regiões investigadas e, além disso, registra-se preponderância para a permanência de pacientesna atenção domiciliar. Em Montes Claros, os atendimentos com desfecho urgência/emergência (0,05%), internação hospitalar (0,09%), alta administrativa/clínica (0,26%) eóbito (0,45%) foram baixos. Conclusão:De modo significativo, os atendimentos forammajoritariamente programados, sugerindo planejamento de ações em saúdeem Minas Gerais. A necessidade de permanecerna AD implica em baixos índicespara alta clínica/administrativa, o que pode impactar na resolubilidade do sistema de saúde.

Objective:To investigatedata on home care in public health, from a macro, meso and micro regional perspective in Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil. Method:Study with ecological design. Data were extracted from the Health Information System for Primary Care (SISAB) of the Brazilian Ministry of Health and refer to home care provided from 2016 to 2018. Variables stratified by: gender, type of home care were explored. 1, 2or 3, scheduled or unscheduled care, post-death visit and outcome. The macro perspective was the state of Minas Gerais, the meso the northern region of the state and the micro-region the municipality of Montes Claros (MG). Results:In Minas Gerais, 665,395 home visits were carried out, most frequently for women (51.72%). It was observed that scheduled appointments had frequencies above 95%. In the evaluated period, there was an increase in home visits after the patient's death. Home care modality 2 was themost prevalent in the investigated regions and, in addition, there is a preponderance for the permanence of patients in home care. In Montes Claros, attendances with urgency/emergency outcome (0.05%), hospitalization (0.09%), administrative/clinical discharge (0.26%) and death (0.45%) were low. Conclusion:Significantly, the appointments were mostly scheduled, suggesting planning of health actions in Minas Gerais. The need to remain in the HC implies low rates for clinical/administrative discharge, which may impact the resolution of the health system.

Objetivo:Investigardatos sobre la atención domiciliaria en salud pública, desde una perspectiva macro, mesoy micro regional en Minas Gerais (MG), Brasil. Método:Estudio con diseño ecológico. Los datos fueron extraídos del Sistema de Información en Salud para la Atención Primaria (SISAB) del Ministerio de Salud de Brasil y se refieren a la atención domiciliaria brindada entre 2016 y 2018. Se exploraron variables estratificadas por: género, tipo de atención domiciliaria 1, 2 o 3, atención programada o no programada, visita posterior a la muerte y resultado. La perspectiva macro fue el estado de Minas Gerais, la meso la región norte del estado y la microrregión el municipio de Montes Claros (MG). Resultados: En Minas Gerais se realizaron 665.395 visitas domiciliarias, con mayor frecuencia a mujeres (51,72%). Se observó que las citas programadas tenían frecuencias superiores al 95%. En el período evaluado, hubo un aumento de las visitas domiciliarias después de la muerte del paciente. La modalidad de atención domiciliaria 2 fue la más prevalente en las regiones investigadas y, además, hay preponderancia para la permanencia de los pacientes en la atención domiciliaria. En Montes Claros, las atenciones con resultado de urgencia/emergencia (0,05%), hospitalización (0,09%), alta administrativa/clínica (0,26%) y muerte (0,45%) fueron bajas. Conclusión:Significativamente,las citas fueron en su mayoría programadas, lo que sugiere la planificación de acciones de salud en Minas Gerais. La necesidad de permanencia en el HC implica bajas tasas de alta clínico/administrativa, lo que puede impactar en la resolución del sistema de salud.

Combination of E- and NS1-Derived DNA Vaccines: The Immune Response and Protection Elicited in Mice against DENV2.

The occurrence of dengue disease has increased radically in recent decades. Previously, we constructed the pE1D2 and pcTPANS1 DNA vaccines encoding the DENV2 envelope (E) and non-structural 1 (NS1) proteins, respectively. To decrease the number of plasmids in a tetravalent candidate vaccine, we constructed a bicistronic plasmid, pNS1/E/D2, encoding these two proteins simultaneously. We evaluated the protective immunity induced in mice vaccinated with the pNS1/E/D2 candidate and compared to the responses elicited by immunization with the former vaccines isolated or in combination. We transfected BHK-21 cells with the different plasmids and detected recombinant proteins by immunofluorescence and mass spectrometry assays to confirm antigen expression. BALB/c mice were inoculated with the DNA vaccines followed by a lethal DENV2 challenge. ELISA, PRNT50, and IFN-gamma ELISPOT assays were performed for the investigation of the humoral and cellular responses. We observed the concomitant expression of NS1 and E proteins in pNS1/E/D2-transfected cells. All E-based vaccines induced anti-E and neutralizing antibodies. However, anti-NS1 antibodies were only observed after immunization with the pcTPANS1 administered alone or combined with pE1D2. In contrast, splenocytes from pNS1/E/D2- or pcTPANS1 + pE1D2-vaccinated animals responded to NS1- and E-derived synthetic peptides. All the DNA vaccines conferred protection against DENV2.

Marine shrimps as biomonitors of the Fundão (Brazil) mine dam disaster: A multi-biomarker approach.

The disruption of the Fundão dam released 43 million m3 of mine tailings into the Doce River until it flowed into the ocean through the estuary. The mine tailing changed the composition of metals in water and sediment, creating a challenging scenario for the local biota. We used multivariate analyzes and the integrated biomarker response index (IBR) to assess the impact of mine tailings on the bioaccumulation profile (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) as well as the biomarkers response in gills, hepatopancreas and muscle of shrimps sampled from different sectors during two dry seasons (dry1 and dry2) (Sep/Oct 2018; 2019) and two wet seasons (wet1 and wet2) (Jan/feb 2019; 2020). There was seasonal and local effect under bioaccumulation and biomarker response revealing that the pattern responses seen in each sector sampled changed according to the season. The greater IBR added to the strong association among the most metals tissue content (Cd, Cr, Cu and Mn) and sectors sampled during dry 1 suggests greater bioavailability of these metals to the environment in this period. Estuarine sectors stand out for high Fe bioavailability, especially during wet1, which seems to be associated with greater metallothionein content in hepatopancreas of shrimps. Native species of marine shrimps proved to be successful indicators of sediment quality besides being sensitive to water contamination by metals. The multi-biomarkers approach added to multivariate analysis supports the temporal and seasonal effects, signalizing the importance of continuous monitoring of the estuarine region to better know about the bioavailability of these metals, mainly Fe, and their long-term effects on the local biota.

Ecotoxicological impacts of the Fundão dam failure in freshwater fish community: Metal bioaccumulation, biochemical, genetic and histopathological effects.

This study investigates the ecotoxicological impacts of the Fundão dam rupture, one of the major environmental disaster that occurred in Brazil and in the world mining industry history, through multi-biomarkers responses and metals bioaccumulation in the fish community of different trophic levels. Specimens of the fishes (omnivorous/herbivorous and carnivorous) were collected along the Doce River channel and its affluent Guandú River, and in different lakes and coastal lagoons adjacent to the river channel, in the Espirito Santo State, Southeast of Brazil. Four sampling collections were carried out over two years (2018 to 2020, during dry and rainy seasons). For both trophic groups the biomarkers responses indicated physiological alterations related to metals exposure and showed strong seasonal variations. The principal component analysis and integrated biomarker response index showed that DNA damage and lipid peroxidation were more associated with dry season 2 (Sep/Oct 2019) and the oxidative damage in proteins, metallothioneins concentration and the activity of superoxide dismutase in the gills showed a greater association with rainy season 2 (Jan/Feb 2020). On the other hand, the enzymes of energy metabolism, catalase and histological damage in the liver and the gills, were more associated with the dry and rainy campaigns of the first year of monitoring. The multivariate approach also suggested a temporal intensification in the bioaccumulation of metals and biological effects in the lacustrine environments. Thus, these results demonstrate that the release of mineral residues from the rupture of the Fundão mine dam affects the health status of the fish from the Doce River basin, provoking metals bioaccumulation, hepatic and branchial damage in the fish besides inducing of enzyme activity related to metal contamination, even four years after the rupture.

Impacts of tailings of Fundão dam (Brazil) rupture on marine fish: Metals bioaccumulation and physiological responses.

This study evaluated the impacts of the mining tailings after the rupture of the Fundão dam on fish communities on the Atlantic Ocean southeast coast. Four sample collections were carried out over two years (2018-2020), in seasonal periods. Omnivorous/herbivorous and carnivorous fish were collected for analysis of metal bioaccumulation, multibiomarkers of environmental contamination and histopathology. Metal bioaccumulation was stronger correlated in carnivorous fish in the dry-2018 collection, besides higher activity of antioxidant enzymes, energy metabolism and higher morphological damage; however, there was less oxidative damage and less metallothioneins induction, and these variables were strongly associated with the wet-2020 collection. In a temporal view, it was possible to observe a reduction in metal levels in fish, except in the mouth of the Doce River. These events can be explained by seasonal natural events, which tend the resuspension and boost metal levels, mainly in the mouth region during the rainy season.

Biochemical response and metals bioaccumulation in planktonic communities from marine areas impacted by the Fundão mine dam rupture (southeast Brazil).

The rupture of the Fundão dam (Mariana, MG, southeast Brazil) released a huge flood of mine tailings to Doce river basin and its adjacent coastal area, in November 2015. This catastrophic event exposed aquatic communities to metal contamination related to mine tailings, but its biological effects are still poorly understood. This study investigates how biochemical response related to metal exposure vary between locations and seasons during the years of 2018-2020, in planktonic communities (micro and mesoplankton). Marine microplankton collected in sectors in front and south of the Doce river mouth presented the highest lipid peroxidation (LPO) and induction of metallothioneins (MT). Mesoplankton collected in sectors in front and north of the Doce river mouth presented highest LPO, while MT in this size class did not respond to a clear spatial pattern. Our results showed that metals affected biomarkers in a non-linear pattern and highlighted the complex relationship between metals, biochemical parameters, and seasonality. The variation in biochemical biomarkers indicates physiological stress related to metals, once sectors contaminated by metals, especially Fe, Mn and Cd, presented stronger biochemical responses. Comparison of metal levels with bioaccumulation data collected before the impact indicates Fe, Cd, Cr and Cu more than 2-fold higher after disaster in sectors closer to the river. Literature showed that these sectors present zooplanktonic assemblages with lower biomass and biodiversity, suggesting that the opportunistic species that thrives in the area are also under biochemical stress, but possibly relies on repair or defense mechanisms. The physiological stress detected by this study is possibly related to the mine tailings, considering the metals that stood out and the proximity with the Doce river mouth. This suggests that the impacts related to the failure of Fundão dam are still affecting the marine planktonic community even three to four years after the environmental disaster.