[Prediction of liberation cutting intensity effect on the growth of Korean pine in secondary forest based on double dummy variable model]. / åŸºäºŽåŒå“‘å˜é‡æ¨¡åž‹é¢„æµ‹é€å ‰æŠšè‚²å¼ºåº¦å¯¹æ¬¡ç”Ÿæž—å† çº¢æ¾ç”Ÿé•¿çš„å½±å“.

"Planting conifer and reserving broadleaved tree" is an effective way to restore broad-leaved pine forest of temperate zone in Northeast China. Liberation cutting can promote the growth of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) under forest crown and accelerate the succession. However, how liberation cutting intensity affects the growth of Korean pine in secondary forest is still unclear. Taking the "Planting conifer and reserving broadleaved tree" Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain as the object, we constructed a growth model of diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height of Korean pine with double dummy variables (liberation cutting intensity and tree classification) to predict the growth of Korean pine plantation under different liberation cutting intensities, i.e. control (no liberation cutting), light-intensity liberation cutting (retaining upper canopy closure 0.6), medium-intensity liberation cutting (0.4), heavy-intensity liberation cutting (0.2) and clear cutting (cutting all upper broadleaf trees) stands. We analyzed the effects of liberation cutting intensities on DBH, tree height, and the ratio of tree height to DBH. The results showed that among six theoretical growth equations, the Gompertz model on the DBH (R2=0.46) and tree height (R2=0.81) was optimal basic model. The R2 of the DBH model was increased to 0.65 and 0.89, respectively, after the single dummy variable and the double dummy variable were introduced into the basic model, while the R2 of the tree height model was increased to 0.84 and 0.94. Therefore, the double dummy variable model was the most suitable for predicting the growth of Korean pine. The growth of DBH of pressed tree increased with the increases of liberation cutting intensity (increase by 145.8%-933.3%) during the whole simulation period (0-80 a). Average and dominant trees showed the same pattern at 42 and 60 a. In the early and middle stages of liberation cutting (20 and 42 a), clear cutting and heavy-intensity liberation cutting had similar effects on the height growth of dominant trees (64.8%-68.5%), average trees (100.0%-144.2%), and pressed trees (138.5%-183.9%). The effects of medium-intensity liberation cutting and light-intensity liberation cutting on the height growth were similar (24.3%-35.1%, 56.0%-92.3%, 84.6%-103.2%). While in the middle and late period (42 and 80 a), height growth of three grade trees increased with the increases of liberation cutting intensity. Under each liberation cutting intensity, the ratio of height to DBH of the dominant, average, and pressed trees increased successively, ranging from 0.50-0.95, 0.64-1.23, and 0.73-4.33, respectively. Only the pressed tree decreased with the increases of liberation cutting intensity at 0-80 a. Therefore, about 40 years after the implementation of liberation cutting, the promoting effect of different liberation cutting intensities on DBH growth was significantly weakened, the promoting effect on tree height growth was significantly enhanced, and the ratio of tree height to diameter began to increase. In order to alleviate forest competition, second liberation cutting should be carried out for light-intensity liberation cutting and medium-intensity liberation cutting stands to further release the growth potential of Korean pine, and thinning management should be carried out in clear cutting and heavy-intensity liberation cutting stands.

Phase-Separated Nano-Antibiotics Enhanced Survival in Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Sepsis by Precise Periplasmic EcDsbA Targeting.

Disulfide bond (Dsb) proteins, especially DsbA, represent a promising but as-yet-unrealized target in combating multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria because their precise subcellular targeting through multibarrier remains a significant challenge. Here, a novel heterogenization-phase-separated nano-antibiotics (NCefoTs) is proposed, through the co-assembly of enzyme-inhibiting lipopeptides (ELp component), membrane-recognizing and disrupting lipopeptides (MLp component), and cefoperazone. The self-sorting components of MLp "concentrated island-liked clusters" on the surface of NCefoTs promote the efficient penetration of NCefoTs through the outer membrane. Triggered by the DsbA, the precisely spatiotemporal engineered NCefoTs transform to nanofibers in situ and further significantly enhance the inhibition of DsbA. The hydrolytic activity of ß-lactamase and the motility function of flagella are thereby impeded, confirming the efficacy of NCefoTs in restoring susceptibility to antibiotics and inhibiting infection dissemination. By these synergistic effects of NCefoTs, the minimum inhibitory concentration of antibiotics decreases from over 300 µM to 1.56 µM for clinically isolated E. coli MDR. The survival rate of sepsis-inflicted mice is significantly enhanced from 0% to 92% upon encapsulation of cefoperazone in NCefoTs, which rapidly eliminates invading pathogens and mitigates inflammation. The universally applicable delivery system, based on an "on demands" strategy, presents a promising prospect for undruggable antibiotic targets in the periplasm to combat MDR bacteria.

CDPK protein in cotton: genomic-wide identification, expression analysis, and conferring resistance to heat stress.

BACKGROUND: Calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) plays a key role in cotton tolerance to abiotic stress. However, its role in cotton heat stress tolerance is not well understood. Here, we characterize the GhCDPK gene family and their expression profiles with the aim of identifying CDPK genes associated with heat stress tolerance. RESULTS: This study revealed 48 GhCDPK members in the cotton genome, distributed on 18 chromosomes. Tree phylogenetic analysis showed three main clustering groups of the GhCDPKs. Cis-elements revealed many abiotic stress and phytohormone pathways conserved promoter regions. Similarly, analysis of the transcription factor binding sites (TFBDS) in the GhCDPK genes showed many stress and hormone related sites. The expression analysis based on qRT-PCR showed that GhCDPK16 was highly responsive to high-temperature stress. Subsequent protein-protein interactions of GhCDPK16 revealed predictable interaction with ROS generating, calcium binding, and ABA signaling proteins. Overexpression of GhCDPK16 in cotton and Arabidopsis improved thermotolerance by lowering ROS compound buildup. Under heat stress, GhCDPK16 transgenic lines upregulated heat-inducible genes GhHSP70, GHSP17.3, and GhGR1, as demonstrated by qRT-PCR analysis. Contrarily, GhCDPK16 knockout lines in cotton exhibited an increase in ROS accumulation. Furthermore, antioxidant enzyme activity was dramatically boosted in the GhCDPK16-ox transgenic lines. CONCLUSIONS: The collective findings demonstrated that GhCDPK16 could be a viable gene to enhance thermotolerance in cotton and, therefore, a potential candidate gene for improving heat tolerance in cotton.

A multi-modal framework improves prediction of tissue-specific gene expression from a surrogate tissue.

BACKGROUND: Tissue-specific analysis of the transcriptome is critical to elucidating the molecular basis of complex traits, but central tissues are often not accessible. We propose a methodology, Multi-mOdal-based framework to bridge the Transcriptome between PEripheral and Central tissues (MOTPEC). METHODS: Multi-modal regulatory elements in peripheral blood are incorporated as features for gene expression prediction in 48 central tissues. To demonstrate the utility, we apply it to the identification of BMI-associated genes and compare the tissue-specific results with those derived directly from surrogate blood. FINDINGS: MOTPEC models demonstrate superior performance compared with both baseline models in blood and existing models across the 48 central tissues. We identify a set of BMI-associated genes using the central tissue MOTPEC-predicted transcriptome data. The MOTPEC-based differential gene expression (DGE) analysis of BMI in the central tissues (including brain caudate basal ganglia and visceral omentum adipose tissue) identifies 378 genes overlapping the results from a TWAS of BMI, while only 162 overlapping genes are identified using gene expression in blood. Cellular perturbation analysis further supports the utility of MOTPEC for identifying trait-associated gene sets and narrowing the effect size divergence between peripheral blood and central tissues. INTERPRETATION: The MOTPEC framework improves the gene expression prediction accuracy for central tissues and enhances the identification of tissue-specific trait-associated genes. FUNDING: This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China 82204118 (D.Z.), the seed funding of the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province (2020E10004), the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Genomic Innovator Award R35HG010718 (E.R.G.), NIH/NHGRI R01HG011138 (E.R.G.), NIH/NIA R56AG068026 (E.R.G.), NIH Office of the Director U24OD035523 (E.R.G.), and NIH/NIGMS R01GM140287 (E.R.G.).

Associations between urinary level of bisphenol A, phthalates, 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α, and emotional and behavioral problems among Chinese adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) of adolescents is a worldwide public health problem. Bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalate (PAEs) are prevalent and potentially toxic to human health. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the associations between urinary level of BPA, PAEs, 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), and EBPs. METHODS: A total of 865 Chinese adolescents were included in this study and EBPs was assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Urinary concentrations of BPA and seven PAEs metabolites in adolescents were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Urinary 8-iso-PGF2α concentration was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Spearman rank correlation analysis, multivariate logistic regression analysis, restricted cubic spline functions were used to explore the relationship between the levels of BPA, PAEs, 8-iso-PGF2α and EBPs. RESULTS: BPA and PAEs metabolites were positively associated with EBPs in Chinese adolescents. And the 8-iso-PGF2α was significantly non-linearly correlated with emotional symptoms, conduct problems, peer problems and total difficulties. Furthermore, 8-iso-PGF2α may partially mediate the association between BPA and PAEs exposure and EBPs. LIMITATIONS: This study was a cross-sectional study, the cause-effect relationship between BPA, PAEs exposure and EBPs could not be determined. A single spot urine sample for BPA and PAEs exposure characterization maybe could not represent their long-term exposure level. CONCLUSIONS: High exposure of BPA and PAEs are associated with EBPs, which may be partly mediated by oxidative stress among adolescents. The results of this study could provide certain ideas for subsequent related research.

Hepatic lipopolysaccharide binding protein partially uncouples inflammation from fibrosis in MAFLD.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently renamed metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is the most common liver disease worldwide. The progression to fibrosis, occurring against a backdrop of hepatic steatosis and inflammation, critically determines liver-related morbidity and mortality. Inflammatory processes contribute to various stages of MAFLD and thought to instigate hepatic fibrosis. For this reason, targeting inflammation has been heavily nominated as a strategy to mitigate liver fibrosis. Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) is a secreted protein that plays an established role in innate immune responses. Here, using adoptive transfer studies and tissue-specific deletion models we show that hepatocytes are the dominant contributors to circulating LBP. In a murine model of MAFLD, hepatocyte-specific deletion of LBP restrained hepatic inflammation and improved liver function abnormalities, but not measures of fibrosis. Human studies, including genetic evidence, corroborate an important role for LBP in hepatic inflammation with minimal impact on fibrosis. Collectively, our data argues against the idea that targeting hepatic inflammation is a viable approach to reducing fibrosis.

Associations between renal function, hippocampal volume, and cognitive impairment in 544 outpatients.

Background: Cognitive impairment and brain atrophy are common in chronic kidney disease patients. It remains unclear whether differences in renal function, even within normal levels, influence hippocampal volume (HCV) and cognition. We aimed to investigate the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), HCV and cognition in outpatients. Methods: This single-center retrospective study enrolled 544 nonrenal outpatients from our hospital. All participants underwent renal function assessment and 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the same year. HCV was also measured, and cognitive assessments were obtained. The correlations between eGFR, HCV, and cognitive function were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for hippocampal atrophy and cognitive impairment. Receiver-operator curves (ROCs) were performed to find the cut-off value of HCV that predicts cognitive impairment. Results: The mean age of all participants was 66.5 ± 10.9 years. The mean eGFR of all participants was 88.5 ± 15.1 mL/min/1.73 m2. eGFR was positively correlated with HCV and with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed Age ≥ 65 years, eGFR < 75 mL/min/1.73 m2, Glucose ≥6.1 mmol/L and combined cerebral microvascular diseases were independent risk factors for hippocampal atrophy and Age ≥ 65 years, left hippocampal volume (LHCV) <2,654 mm3 were independent risk factors for cognitive impairment in outpatients. Although initial unadjusted logistic regression analysis indicated that a lower eGFR (eGFR < 75 mL/min/1.73 m2) was associated with poorer cognitive function, this association was lost after adjusting for confounding variables. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that LHCV <2,654 mm3 had the highest AUROC [(0.842, 95% CI: 0.808-0.871)], indicating that LHCV had a credible prognostic value with a high sensitivity and specificity for predicting cognitive impairment compared with age in outpatients. Conclusion: Higher eGFR was associated with higher HCV and better cognitive function. eGFR < 75 mL/min/1.73 m2 was an independent risk factor for hippocampal atrophy after adjusting for age. It is suggested that even eGFR < 75 mL/min/1.73 m2, lower eGFR may still be associated with hippocampal atrophy, which is further associated with cognitive impairment. LHCV was a favorable prognostic marker for predicting cognitive impairment rather than age.

Elevated neutrophil extracellular trap levels in periodontitis: Implications for keratinization and barrier function in gingival epithelium.

AIM: To explore the levels of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in patients with periodontitis and examine their effects on keratinization, barrier function of human gingival keratinocytes (HGKs) and the associated mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Saliva, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), clinical periodontal parameters and gingival specimens were collected from 10 healthy control subjects and 10 patients with stage II-IV periodontitis to measure the NET levels. Subsequently, mRNA and protein levels of keratinization and barrier indicators, as well as intracellular calcium and epithelial barrier permeability, were analysed in HGKs after NET stimulation. RESULTS: The study showed that NET levels significantly elevated in patients with periodontitis, across multiple specimens including saliva, GCF and gingival tissues. Stimulation of HGKs with NETs resulted in a decrease in the expressions of involucrin, cytokeratin 10, zonula occludens 1 and E-cadherin, along with decreased intracellular calcium levels and increased epithelial barrier permeability. Furthermore, the inhibition of keratinization by NETs is ERK-KLF4-dependent. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that NETs impair the barrier function of HGKs and suppress keratinization through ERK/KLF4 axis. These findings provide potential targets for therapeutic approaches in periodontitis to address impaired gingival keratinization.

Facile hydrothermal assembly of three-dimensional GO-MTZE composite and its adsorption properties toward Cu2.

Three-dimensional (3D) graphene oxide (GO)-based aerogels, GO and 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol (MTZE) composites, were prepared by a facile hydrothermal method. Due to the hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions, the produced 3D GO-MTZE composites possessed large cylindrical structures. The morphologies, composition, and chemical states of 3D GO-MTZE3:1 composite were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms based on the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The existence of nitrogen (N)-containing heterocyclic system and oxygen (O)-containing branched chain of MTZE contributed to the formation of 3D structures, while the complexation effect of heterocyclic sulfur (S)- and N-containing functional groups of MTZE for metal cations dominated the adsorption performance of 3D GO-MTZE3:1 composite, which could selectively adsorb copper ions (Cu2+). In addition, the better hydrophobic property of 3D GO-MTZE3:1 composite facilitates its facile recycling from aqueous solution after adsorption. The adsorption data of 3D GO-MTZE3:1 composite toward Cu2+ fitted well (R2 = 0.9996) with the linear pseudo-second-order kinetic model, giving an equilibrium rate constant (k2) of 0.0187 g mg-1 min-1. The linear Langmuir isothermal model could more accurately describe the experimental data, indicating the adsorption process is mainly dominated by the complexation interactions between MTZE and Cu2+. The thermodynamic parameters of ΔG° (< 0), ΔH° (> 0), and ΔS° (> 0) further indicate that the adsorption is a spontaneous and endothermic, confirming that the complexation between Cu2+ and 3D GO-MTZE3:1 composite occurs. Due to its high selectivity for Cu2+, good hydrophobicity, and excellent stability, the developed 3D GO-MTZE3:1 composite possesses might be promisingly used in the aqueous selective enrichment/removal of Cu2+.

SR9009 attenuates inflammation-related NPMSC pyroptosis and IVDD through NR1D1/NLRP3/IL-1ß pathway.

Intervertebral disc is a highly rhythmical tissue. As a key factor linking biorhythm and inflammatory response, the shielding effect of NR1D1 in the process of intervertebral disc degeneration remains unclear. Here, we first confirmed that NR1D1 in the nucleus pulposus tissue presents periodic rhythmic changes and decreases in expression with intervertebral disc degeneration. Second, when NR1D1 was activated by SR9009 in vitro, NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and IL-1ß production were inhibited, while ECM synthesis was increased. Finally, the vivo experiments further confirmed that the activation of NR1D1 can delay the process of disc degeneration to a certain extent. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that NR1D1 can bind to IL-1ß and NLRP3 promoters, and that the NR1D1/NLRP3/IL-1ß pathway is involved in this process. Our results demonstrate that the activation of NR1D1 can effectively reduce IL-1ß secretion, alleviate LPS-induced NPMSC pyroptosis, and protect ECM degeneration.

High-dose Vitamin C injection ameliorates against sepsis-induced myocardial injury by anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammatory and pro-autophagy through regulating MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in rats.

AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of VC on SIMI in rats. METHODS: In this study, the survival rate of high dose VC for SIMI was evaluated within 7 days. Rats were randomly assigned to three groups: Sham group, CLP group, and high dose VC (500 mg/kg i.v.) group. The animals in each group were treated with drugs for 1 day, 3 days or 5 days, respectively. Echocardiography, myocardial enzymes and HE were used to detect cardiac function. IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α) in serum were measured using ELISA kits. Western blot was used to detect proteins related to apoptosis, inflammation, autophagy, MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. RESULTS: High dose VC improved the survival rate of SIMI within 7 days. Echocardiography, HE staining and myocardial enzymes showed that high-dose VC relieved SIMI in rats in a time-dependent manner. And compared with CLP group, high-dose VC decreased the expressions of pro-apoptotic proteins, while increased the expression of anti-apoptotic protein. And compared with CLP group, high dose VC decreased phosphorylation levels of Erk1/2, P38, JNK, NF-κB and IKK α/ß in SIMI rats. High dose VC increased the expression of the protein Beclin-1 and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, whereas decreased the expression of P62 in SIMI rats. Finally, high dose VC attenuated phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT and mTOR compared with the CLP group. SIGNIFICANCE: Our results showed that high dose VC has a good protective effect on SIMI after continuous treatment, which may be mediated by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammatory, and promoting autophagy through regulating MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

SRY-Box transcription factor 9 triggers YAP nuclear entry via direct interaction in tumors.

The translocation of YAP from the cytoplasm to the nucleus is critical for its activation and plays a key role in tumor progression. However, the precise molecular mechanisms governing the nuclear import of YAP are not fully understood. In this study, we have uncovered a crucial role of SOX9 in the activation of YAP. SOX9 promotes the nuclear translocation of YAP by direct interaction. Importantly, we have identified that the binding between Asp-125 of SOX9 and Arg-124 of YAP is essential for SOX9-YAP interaction and subsequent nuclear entry of YAP. Additionally, we have discovered a novel asymmetrical dimethylation of YAP at Arg-124 (YAP-R124me2a) catalyzed by PRMT1. YAP-R124me2a enhances the interaction between YAP and SOX9 and is associated with poor prognosis in multiple cancers. Furthermore, we disrupted the interaction between SOX9 and YAP using a competitive peptide, S-A1, which mimics an α-helix of SOX9 containing Asp-125. S-A1 significantly inhibits YAP nuclear translocation and effectively suppresses tumor growth. This study provides the first evidence of SOX9 as a pivotal regulator driving YAP nuclear translocation and presents a potential therapeutic strategy for YAP-driven human cancers by targeting SOX9-YAP interaction.

A genome-wide spectrum of tandem repeat expansions in 338,963 humans.

The Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), widely recognized as the gold-standard reference map of human genetic variation, has largely overlooked tandem repeat (TR) expansions, despite the fact that TRs constitute ∼6% of our genome and are linked to over 50 human diseases. Here, we introduce the TR-gnomAD (https://wlcb.oit.uci.edu/TRgnomAD), a biobank-scale reference of 0.86 million TRs derived from 338,963 whole-genome sequencing (WGS) samples of diverse ancestries (39.5% non-European samples). TR-gnomAD offers critical insights into ancestry-specific disease prevalence using disparities in TR unit number frequencies among ancestries. Moreover, TR-gnomAD is able to differentiate between common, presumably benign TR expansions, which are prevalent in TR-gnomAD, from those potentially pathogenic TR expansions, which are found more frequently in disease groups than within TR-gnomAD. Together, TR-gnomAD is an invaluable resource for researchers and physicians to interpret TR expansions in individuals with genetic diseases.

Primary pancreatic peripheral T-cell lymphoma: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Primary pancreatic lymphoma (PPL) is an exceedingly rare tumor with limited mention in scientific literature. The clinical manifestations of PPL are often nonspecific, making it challenging to distinguish this disease from other pancreatic-related diseases. Chemotherapy remains the primary treatment for these individuals. CASE SUMMARY: In this case study, we present the clinical details of a 62-year-old woman who initially presented with vomiting, abdominal pain, and dorsal pain. On further evaluation through positron emission tomography-computed tomography, the patient was considered to have a pancreatic head mass. However, subsequent endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) revealed that the patient had pancreatic peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS). There was a substantial decrease in the size of the pancreatic mass after the patient underwent a cycle of chemotherapy comprised of brentuximab vedotin, decitabine, and oxaliplatin (brentuximab vedotin and Gemox). The patient had significant improvement in radiological findings at the end of the first cycle. CONCLUSION: Primary pancreatic PTCL-NOS is a malignant and heterogeneous lymphoma, in which the clinical manifestations are often nonspecific. It is difficult to diagnose, and the prognosis is poor. Imaging can only be used for auxiliary diagnosis of other diseases. With the help of immunostaining, EUS-FNA could be used to aid in the diagnosis of PPL. After a clear diagnosis, chemotherapy is still the first-line treatment for such patients, and surgical resection is not recommended. A large number of recent studies have shown that the CD30 antibody drug has potential as a therapy for several types of lymphoma. However, identifying new CD30-targeted therapies for different types of lymphoma is urgently needed. In the future, further research on antitumor therapy should be carried out to improve the survival prognosis of such patients.

Fluorescence modulation of quantum dots in subsurface defects of optical elements by a linearly polarized light.

The limited excitation efficiency of quantum dots in the detection of subsurface defects in optical elements by quantum dot fluorescence gives rise to insufficient accuracy. To enhance the excitation efficiency of quantum dots, we studied the modulation of the polarization direction of linearly polarized incident light on quantum dot fluorescence. We first apply density matrix evolution theory to study the quantum dots interacting with linearly polarized incident light and emitting fluorescence. The fluorescence intensity exhibits cosine oscillations versus modulated laser polarization. It reaches a maximum value at the polarization angle zero, and then decreases as the angle becomes larger until π/2. The experimental results for the quantum dot in both solutions and subsurface defect of optical elements confirmed these results. For optical elements tagged with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots, the fluorescence intensity increases by 61.7%, and the area for the detected subsurface defects increases by 142.9%. Similarly, for C and InP/ZnS quantum dots, there are also increases in both the fluorescence intensity and the area of subsurface defects. Our study suggests that the subsurface defect detection in optical elements by the linearly polarized incident light could enhance the detection accuracy of subsurface defects in optical elements, and potentially achieve super-resolution imaging of subsurface defects.

Gene associations of lipid traits, lipid-lowering drug-target genes and endometriosis.

RESEARCH QUESTION: Does the observed correlation between dyslipidaemia and endometriosis indicate a bidirectional causal association? DESIGN: Bidirectional Mendelian randomization was used to investigate the causal association between lipid traits and endometriosis. Drug-target Mendelian randomization was used to explore potential drug-target genes for managing endometriosis. In cases where lipid-mediated effects via specific drug targets were significant, aggregate analyses, such as summary-data-based Mendelian randomization and colocalization methods, were introduced to validate the outcomes. Mediation analyses supplemented these evaluations. RESULTS: The bidirectional Mendelian randomization results suggested that genetically predicted triglyceride (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.08-1.23), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.81-0.94), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.06-1.34) and apolipoprotein A (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.83-0.96) concentrations were causally associated with endometriosis. Reverse Mendelian randomization results revealed that genetically proxied endometriosis was causally associated with triglyceride concentration (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.02). In drug-target Mendelian randomization, genetic mimicry in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.13-1.72), apolipoprotein B (APOB) (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.21-1.86) and angiopoietin-related protein 3 (ANGPTL3) (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.14-2.16) was significantly associated with the risk of endometriosis stages 1-2. CONCLUSION: There is a potential bidirectional causal association between endometriosis and dyslipidaemia. Genetic mimicry of PCSK9, APOB and ANGPTL3 is associated with the risk of early-stage endometriosis. The development of lipid-lowering drugs to treat endometriosis is of potential clinical interest.

[Effects of revegetation on soil nitrogen-fixation and carbon-fixation microbial communities in the Horqin Sandy Land, China]. / 科尔沁沙地植被重建对土壤固氮和固碳菌群的影响.

To determine the diversity of nitrogen-fixing and carbon-fixing microbial groups in aeolian sandy soil and the effects of sand-fixation plantation type on the structures of two microbial groups in the Horqin Sandy Land, we selected six representative sand-fixation vegetations with the same age, including Caragana microphylla, Artemisia halodendron, Salix gordejevii, Hedysarum fruticosum, Populus simonii, and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica as well as their adjacent natural Ulmus pumila open forest as test objects to investigate the diversities and structures of nifH- and cbbL-carrying microbial communities in soil by high-throughput sequencing technique. The results showed that vegetation type significantly affected soil physical and chemical properties, microbiological activities, diversities and the main compositions of nitrogen-fixing and carbon-fixing microbial communities. The diversity of soil nitrogen-fixing microbial communities under S. gordejevii and P. simonii plantations and that of carbon-fixing microbial communities under P. sylvestris var. mongolica and P. simonii plantations were significantly higher than those of other plantations. Skermanella, Bradyrhizobium, Azospirillum, and Azohydromonas were dominant nitrogen-fixation genera, with the average relative abundance of 22.3%, 21.5%, 20.8%, and 17.8%, respectively. Soil carbon-fixation microbial communities were dominated by Pseudonocardia, Bradyrhizobium, Cupriavidus, and Mesorhizobium, with relative abundance of 22.4%, 18.5%, 10.5%, and 6.0%, respectively. Soil nitrogen-fixing microbial community under C. mirophylla plantation and carbon-fixing communities under S. gordejevii and P. simonii plantations were very close to those of natural U. pumila open forest. Soil organic matter, NH4+-N, and total phosphorus were the direct determining factors for nitrogen-fixing microbial community, while pH, soil moisture, and available phosphorus were main factors influencing carbon-fixing microbial community. These observations potentially provide the scienti-fic foundations for evaluating the ecological benefits of revegetation practice in sandy lands.

RBBP6 maintains glioblastoma stem cells through CPSF3-dependent alternative polyadenylation.

Glioblastoma is one of the most lethal malignant cancers, displaying striking intratumor heterogeneity, with glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) contributing to tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance. Pharmacologic modulators of ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases are under development for cancer and other diseases. Here, we performed parallel in vitro and in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screens targeting human ubiquitin E3 ligases and deubiquitinases, revealing the E3 ligase RBBP6 as an essential factor for GSC maintenance. Targeting RBBP6 inhibited GSC proliferation and tumor initiation. Mechanistically, RBBP6 mediated K63-linked ubiquitination of Cleavage and Polyadenylation Specific Factor 3 (CPSF3), which stabilized CPSF3 to regulate alternative polyadenylation events. RBBP6 depletion induced shortening of the 3'UTRs of MYC competing-endogenous RNAs to release miR-590-3p from shortened UTRs, thereby decreasing MYC expression. Targeting CPSF3 with a small molecular inhibitor (JTE-607) reduces GSC viability and inhibits in vivo tumor growth. Collectively, RBBP6 maintains high MYC expression in GSCs through regulation of CPSF3-dependent alternative polyadenylation, providing a potential therapeutic paradigm for glioblastoma.