RESUMEN
Cultivation of wheat and barley plants under temperature stress fluctuations was the reason of reduction of acid protein common storage in the tissues more than 25% and the reason of reduction of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase common activities. There were no changes of common phenoloxidase activity. Activity redistribution between separate fractions of enzyme spectra were linked with enzyme expression changes. Alteration of peroxidase/oxidase ratio for separate fractions of electrophoretical spectra has been defined as a result of extreme temperature influence over a period of plant growing. At the same time there were no alterations in peroxidase/superoxide reductase fraction ratio in seedlings. The Vrn1-loci did not have a single meaning for expression of investigated oxidoreductases because their influence was determined by the "organism-environment" definite situation. In "normal" growth circumstances there was no correlation between the type of development and qualitative and quantitative characteristics of oxidoreductase spectra. The alteration of definite enzyme izoform degree in forming of plant stress response was different for spring and winter genotypes that testifies dependence of the functional state of the probed enzymes on allelic composition of locus Vrn1.
Asunto(s)
Grano Comestible/genética , Hordeum/genética , Monofenol Monooxigenasa/genética , Peroxidasas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Superóxido Dismutasa/genética , Triticum/genética , Alelos , Grano Comestible/enzimología , Expresión Génica , Sitios Genéticos , Genotipo , Hordeum/enzimología , Isoenzimas/genética , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Monofenol Monooxigenasa/metabolismo , Peroxidasas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Estaciones del Año , Especificidad de la Especie , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Temperatura , Triticum/enzimologíaRESUMEN
The present review devoted to the analysis of recent literature on genetic determination and the domain organization of the newly discovered two-component signaling systems in pro- and eukaryotes. These structures are involved in the regulation of numerous morphological and physiological processes in plants. RR-proteins, it the key elements of signaling systems, they launch a cascade of phosphotransferase reactions and directly or indirectly regulate the transcription and activity other proteins, including enzymes, in response to hormones or environmental factors. Modern views on the molecular and genetic mechanisms of photoperiodic response, circadian rhythms and anti-stress responses in plants are set out in these positions. The relationship between gene expression and photoreceptor sensitivity of plants to photoperiod traced. We present our own data obtained on the isogenic lines of wheat, where been showed dependence expression of structural genes of enzymes on the allelic composition of individual PRR-loci and the duration action of low temperature.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/genética , Arabidopsis/fisiología , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiología , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Triticum/fisiología , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Cromosomas de las Plantas , Citocininas/genética , Citocininas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Luz , Fotoperiodo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismoRESUMEN
Comparative estimation of the most widely used indexes of the system diversity has been carried out using model electrophoretic spectra. The basic requirements to the diversity index of electrophoretic spectra are formulated. A formula for the estimation of the level of spectra diversity of multiple forms on the basis of synthesis of the Ashby complication of the system index and the Simpson index is offered.
Asunto(s)
Biodiversidad , Isoenzimas/química , Modelos Biológicos , Bryopsida/enzimología , Electroforesis , Hepatophyta/enzimología , Peroxidasa/química , Conformación ProteicaRESUMEN
Electrophoretic spectra of multiple molecular forms of peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7), superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), phenol oxidase (EC 1.10.3.1), and cytochrome oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) in seedlings of two aegilops species and eleven genotypes of bread winter wheat differing in the level of their resistance to Fusarium infection are presented. Several izoforms of peroxidase, phenol oxidase, and superoxide dismutase correlate with the level of resistance to Fusarium. Infection of plants with the pathogen enhances expressiveness of some multiple forms of enzymes. Such response to infection in less pronounced in the sensitive genotypes as compared with that in the resistant ones.
Asunto(s)
Fusarium/patogenicidad , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Triticum/enzimología , Complejo IV de Transporte de Electrones/química , Complejo IV de Transporte de Electrones/metabolismo , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Genotipo , Inmunidad Innata , Isoenzimas/química , Monofenol Monooxigenasa/química , Monofenol Monooxigenasa/metabolismo , Micosis/metabolismo , Peroxidasa/química , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Semillas/enzimología , Superóxido Dismutasa/química , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Triticum/inmunologíaRESUMEN
In the review the problems of restoration of genetic coadaptation in some agricultural crops under creation of synthetic genotypes using sexual hybridization and transgenosis are considered. On the basis of the study of multiple molecular forms of the enzymes, the mechanisms of formation of adaptive complexes of genes (ACG) are traced. Cytogenetic mechanisms interfering stabilization of synthetic genotypes are considered.
Asunto(s)
Grano Comestible/genética , Genes de Plantas/genética , Ingeniería Genética , Selección Genética , Genotipo , Hibridación Genética , FilogeniaRESUMEN
Potato plants of various cultivars, transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens with pGV941 plasmid, differed from control plants in glyphosate herbicide tolerance, tryptophane content, intensity of callusogenesis, microtuber formation in vitro and multimolecular forms of peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) and superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.11). The results demonstrate the influence of alien DNA on structural gene expression in transgenic plants.
Asunto(s)
Solanum tuberosum/genética , Transformación Genética , Agrobacterium tumefaciens/genética , Herbicidas/toxicidad , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Solanum tuberosum/química , Solanum tuberosum/enzimología , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Transgenes , Triptófano/análisisRESUMEN
The effect of different reagents to colour intensity on PAA gel bands using benzidine was studied. All the investigated reagents were divided into three groups 1) reagents with no effect on visualization of peroxidase molecular forms colour intensity; 2) those relatively equally decreasing colour intensity; 3) selective effect on visualization of peroxidase molecular forms. Ferulic, ascorbic and indole-3-acetic acids, phloroglucin and hydroquinone are most interesting in our investigation. Use of these reagents allows increasing the differences between electrophoretic pictures during comparative physiological and genetic experiments. Possible mechanisms of the mentioned reagents influence on efficiency of peroxidase benzidine interaction are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Indicadores y Reactivos/farmacología , Isoenzimas/efectos de los fármacos , Peroxidasas/efectos de los fármacos , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacología , Ácidos Cumáricos/farmacología , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Hidroquinonas/farmacología , Ácidos Indolacéticos/farmacología , Isoenzimas/aislamiento & purificación , Peroxidasas/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
The genome structure of several species of Graminea and Drosophila was investigated by DNA renaturation method. Kinetics of DNA reassociation was studied by direct optical scanning and the data obout Cot curve were analized by an improved computer programm "Finger". Differences between structure DNA animals and plants are shown. Plant genomes have no unique fraction which exists in animal genomes. Slowly reassociating fraction in plants comprises about 20% DNA as compared with more than 60% in animal DNA. An analysis of kinetic complexity indicates that the relative content of the slowly reassociating fraction in the genome both of animal and of plants is much higher than that of the highly repeated DNA fraction.
