RESUMEN
Introduction: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is considered resistant to beta-lactam antibiotic groups. Infection caused by this strain is more difficult to treat with antibiotics, and hence, it will be more dangerous. This study focused on detecting the mecA gene Staphylococcus in sanitary swimming pools and Jacuzzis in Yazd city, Iran (2019). Also, the relationship between methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the water quality standards has been investigated. Materials and Methods: 60 samples were randomly collected in sterile bottles from 20 active pools and Jacuzzis. Quality parameters were analyzed by standard methods. Antibiotic resistance and the mecA gene's presence were detected by the disk diffusion and PCR method, respectively. Results: The results of this study showed that the resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolates was high against erythromycin (41.20%), tetracycline (35.10%), clindamycin (28.90%), and cefoxitin (25.80%). Out of 97 samples, 9 (25.80%) strains of Staphylococcus aureus were identified as MRSA, 30 samples (30.92%) showed multiple patterns of antibiotic resistance, and 9 samples (9.27%) carried the mecA gene. The results revealed that water quality has greatly impacted the mecA gene strain presence, especially microbial parameters. On the other hand, in the presence of mecA gene strains, the averages of microbial qualities were higher than standard in Jacuzzis; the latter finding was confirmed for swimming pools due to physicochemical parameters. Conclusion: The number of reported sanitary water is increasing, and this study's results are useful examples of these findings. Therefore, a lack of careful and regular monitoring of swimming pools and Jacuzzis can lead to MSRA prevalence and outbreak sources.
RESUMEN
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are proposed as the potential source of transmission of Staphylococcus aureus to hospitalized patients, especially in burn units. This study aimed to investigate S. aureus from burn wound infections and those from the nose of HCWs in terms of antibiotic resistance, the presence of Panton-Valentine leucocidin-encoding gene (pvl) and the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME), and the ability for biofilm formation. Also, the genetic diversity of isolates was assessed using staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing. Overall, regarding the studied factors, significant differences were found neither between isolates from patients and HCWs nor between methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible isolates (except for multidrug resistance which was significantly higher in MRSA). The most frequent SCCmec types were type I and III. ACME-arcA was only detected in isolates from patients and similarly the presence of ACME-opp3 was the most prevalent in this group. The presence of common clonal complexes among patient isolates and more importantly between isolates from patients and HCWs is warning. The high prevalence of virulence factors, both in MRSA and MSSA, emphasizes the importance of MSSA in burn centers. Finding no significant difference in the presence of virulence-associated factors between isolates from patients and HCWs demonstrates the need to take HCWs into account as important reservoirs.
