Foreign body Swallows with Airway Affection in Pediatrics.

Aims: The current work aimed at evaluating how FBI can cause respiratory distress and stridor as well as their severity according to age, gender, lodgment site, and type of the object. Factors influencing morbidity and mortality among studied patients will be deliberated as well. Methods: It is a hospital-based descriptive study where all children between birth and 16 years of age who were admitted to Sohag University Hospital, Egypt from January 1st, 2018, to December 31st, 2020, for FBs removal were analyzed. All cases were subjected to complete history taking, physical, radiological, and bronchoscopic examination. Results: A total of fourteen [14] patients were presented with FBI based on a full history, examination, and essential investigation. The vast majority 92.9% of presented cases (13 out of 14) were less than 6 years old. 50% of them (50%) (7 out of 14) were less than one year old. Most cases presented early within a few hours after ingestion (71.4%). Two [2] patients had predisposing conditions like mental retardation and cerebral palsy. 28.6% of cases presented late (> 24 h after aspiration). Except for one case where a cervical oesophageal approach was needed. Endoscopic extractions of foreign bodies were successfully done. 50% of patients required admissions to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). The mortality rate was 14.3%. Conclusion: FBI is a common clinical emergency in children younger than 6 years. A high index of suspicion is the keystone for diagnosis. Early detection and management are crucial for a positive outcome.

Reconstruction of the Long Process of the Incus by Use of Glass Ionomer Cement: Our Experience

Abstract Introduction Chronic suppurative otitis media is one of the most common causes of reversible conductive hearing loss which can lead to necrosis of the ossicles. The incus, especially its long process, is the most common ossicle affected. Objectives The present study aims to assess the use of glass ionomer cement for the reconstruction of the long process of the incus. Methods The present study was conducted on 27 patients with chronic suppurative otitis media with central perforation with dry and quiescent ears with an eroded long process of the incus submitted to tympanoplasty. The audiological evaluations were done on all patients, including preoperative and postoperative evaluation of the airbone gap; the average pure tone threshold was done 6 months postoperatively. Results The average air pure tone threshold was 42.8 dB preoperatively and 22.5 dB postoperatively. The postoperative air pure tone thresholds were significantly smaller than the preoperative values (p < 0.01). The air-bone gap was 30.5 dB at 500 Hz, 31.6 dB at 1 KHz, and 24.1 dB at 2 kHz preoperatively, and 7.7 dB at 500 Hz, 7.2 dB at 1 KHz, and 7.1 dB at 2 kHz postoperatively at the end of 6 months of follow-up. There were significant hearing gains in the air-bone gap (p < 0.001). Conclusion Glass ionomer cement is a useful and effective material for bridging the defect of the long process of the incus.

Reconstruction of the Long Process of the Incus by Use of Glass Ionomer Cement: Our Experience.

Introduction Chronic suppurative otitis media is one of the most common causes of reversible conductive hearing loss which can lead to necrosis of the ossicles. The incus, especially its long process, is the most common ossicle affected. Objectives The present study aims to assess the use of glass ionomer cement for the reconstruction of the long process of the incus. Methods The present study was conducted on 27 patients with chronic suppurative otitis media with central perforation with dry and quiescent ears with an eroded long process of the incus submitted to tympanoplasty. The audiological evaluations were done on all patients, including preoperative and postoperative evaluation of the air-bone gap; the average pure tone threshold was done 6 months postoperatively. Results The average air pure tone threshold was 42.8 dB preoperatively and 22.5 dB postoperatively. The postoperative air pure tone thresholds were significantly smaller than the preoperative values ( p < 0.01). The air-bone gap was 30.5 dB at 500 Hz, 31.6 dB at 1 KHz, and 24.1 dB at 2 kHz preoperatively, and 7.7 dB at 500 Hz, 7.2 dB at 1 KHz, and 7.1 dB at 2 kHz postoperatively at the end of 6 months of follow-up. There were significant hearing gains in the air-bone gap ( p < 0.001). Conclusion Glass ionomer cement is a useful and effective material for bridging the defect of the long process of the incus.

Does Successful Myringoplasty Affect Eustachian Tube Function?

Eustachian tube (ET) is a tube connecting the middle ear cavity with the nasopharynx and has an important role in equalization of pressure around TM. Many studies investigated the role of ET function tests on the results of myringoplasty/tympanoplasty. Our aim is to assess the effect of successful myringoplasty on Eustachian tube function. A prospective study included 37 patients admitted to the E.N.T Department at Sohag University Hospital in the period between March 2018 and March 2019 suffering from dry central perforation necessitating myringoplasty. Pre-operative E.T function tests using tympanometry and methylene blue dye test were done. Post-operative follow-up tympanometry was done after 3 months for those with successful myringoplasty and compared to the preoperative assessment. Thirty-one (83%) patients had functioning ET, 6 (17%) had non-functioning ET and 32 patients (86.5%) had successful myringoplasty (taken healthy graft). According to the effect of myringoplasty on ET function test 3 months following surgery, (9%) were affected, either improved (3%) or worsen (6%), while (91%) were not affected by tympanometry in those with taken healthy graft cases. In our study, there was no significant effect of myringoplasty on E.T function. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12070-021-02534-8.

The Relationship Between Cephalogram Analysis and Oxygen Desaturation Index During Sleep in Patients Submitted for Mandibular Setback Surgery.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between morphologic factors of mandibular protrusion patients and clinical indices of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). METHODS: Fifty-two Japanese patients divided into 2 groups: 1 jaw surgery group (30 patients) and 2 jaw surgery group (22 patients). Morphologic changes were studied using cephalograms taken before surgery and 1 year after surgery. Functional changes studied using impulse oscillometry and pulse oximetry during sleep, both of which are clinically useful measures in assessing OSA, taken before surgery and 1 year after surgery. RESULT: Lower face cage area significantly decreased in 1 jaw group than in 2 jaw group patients. Positive significant correlation was found between changes in 3% oxygen desaturation index (ODI) and changes of tongue area and vertical position of the hyoid bone in 1 jaw surgery group. Multiple regression analysis indicates that tongue area and airway area were independently significant predictors of 3% ODI in 1 jaw group patients. CONCLUSION: In 2 jaw surgery, maxillary surgery compensated for the effect of mandibular setback surgery. Mandibular setback surgery to mandibular protrusion patients was performed within the range of adequate movement distance, but precautions for risk of postoperative obstructive sleep apnea syndrome should be considered.

Patient With Cleft Maxillary Hypoplasia Who Underwent Distraction Osteogenesis and Conservative Therapies to Postoperative Velopharyngeal Insufficiency.

The authors performed distraction osteogenesis using The Maxillary Distractor System (SYNTHES) to maxillary hypoplasia patient with cleft lip palate, and consequently improved the aesthetic complexion of the patient. Velopharyngeal insufficiency developed after bone elongation; the authors improved the insufficiency with conservative therapies such as articulatory training using the bulb attached palatal lift prosthesis. The authors were successful and accepted postoperative speech outcome.