RESUMEN
AIMS: The xanthone dimer 12-O-deacetyl-phomoxanthone A (12-ODPXA) was extracted from the secondary metabolites of the endophytic fungus Diaporthe goulteri. The 12-ODPXA compound exhibited anticancer properties in murine lymphoma; however, the anti-ovarian cancer (OC) mechanism has not yet been explored. Therefore, the present study evaluated whether 12-ODPXA reduces OC cell proliferation, metastasis, and invasion by downregulating pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK)4 expression. METHODS: Cell counting kit-8, colony formation, flow cytometry, wound healing, and transwell assays were performed to examine the effects of 12-ODPXA on OC cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Transcriptome analysis was used to predict the changes in gene expression. Protein expression was determined using western blotting. Glucose, lactate, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) test kits were used to measure glucose consumption and lactate and ATP production, respectively. Zebrafish xenograft models were constructed to elucidate the anti-OC effects of 12-ODPXA. RESULTS: The 12-ODPXA compound inhibited OC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and glycolysis while inducing cell apoptosis via downregulation of PDK4. In vivo experiments showed that 12-ODPXA suppressed tumor growth and migration in zebrafish. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that 12-ODPXA inhibits ovarian tumor growth and metastasis by downregulating PDK4, revealing the underlying mechanisms of action of 12-ODPXA in OC.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis , Movimiento Celular , Proliferación Celular , Regulación hacia Abajo , Neoplasias Ováricas , Piruvato Deshidrogenasa Quinasa Acetil-Transferidora , Xantonas , Pez Cebra , Animales , Femenino , Neoplasias Ováricas/patología , Neoplasias Ováricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ováricas/metabolismo , Humanos , Xantonas/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación hacia Abajo/efectos de los fármacos , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Piruvato Deshidrogenasa Quinasa Acetil-Transferidora/metabolismo , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto/métodos , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Invasividad NeoplásicaRESUMEN
Chemoselective deprotonative functionalization of benzylic C-H bonds is challenging, because the arene ring contains multiple aromatic C(sp2)-H bonds, which can be competitively deprotonated and lead to selectivity issues. Recently it was found that bimetallic [MN(SiMe3)2 M = Li, Na]/Cs+ combinations exhibit excellent benzylic selectivity. Herein, is reported the first deprotonative addition of toluenes to Weinreb amides mediated by LiN(SiMe3)2/CsF for the synthesis of a diverse array of 2-arylacetophenones. Surprisingly, simple methyl benzoates also react with toluenes under similar conditions to form 2-arylacetophenones without double addition to give tertiary alcohol products. This finding greatly increases the practicality and impact of this chemistry. Some challenging substrates with respect to benzylic deprotonations, such as fluoro and methoxy substituted toluenes, are selectively transformed to 2-aryl acetophenones. The value of benzylic deprotonation of 3-fluorotoluene is demonstrated by the synthesis of a key intermediate in the preparation of Polmacoxib.
