Optimising telecommunicator recognition of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A scoping review.

Aim: To summarize existing literature and identify knowledge gaps regarding barriers and enablers of telecommunicators' recognition of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Methods: This scoping review was undertaken by an International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) Basic Life Support scoping review team and guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were peer-reviewed and explored barriers and enablers of telecommunicator recognition of OHCA. We searched Ovid MEDLINE® and Embase and included articles from database inception till June 18th, 2024. Results: We screened 9,244 studies and included 62 eligible studies on telecommunicator recognition of OHCA. The studies ranged in methodology. The majority were observational studies of emergency calls. The barriers most frequently described to OHCA recognition were breathing status and agonal breathing. The most frequently tested enabler for recognition was a variety of dispatch protocols focusing on breathing assessment. Only one randomized controlled trial (RCT) was identified, which found no difference in OHCA recognition with the addition of machine learning alerting telecommunicators in suspected OHCA cases. Conclusion: Most studies were observational, assessed barriers to recognition of OHCA and compared different dispatch protocols. Only one RCT was identified. Randomized trials should be conducted to inform how to improve telecommunicator recognition of OHCA, including recognition of pediatric OHCAs and assessment of dispatch protocols.

Consensus on a Patient-Centered Definition of Atopic Dermatitis Flare.

Importance: Flare is a term commonly used in atopic dermatitis (AD) care settings and clinical research, but little consensus exists on what it means. Meanwhile, flare management is an important unmet research and treatment need. Understanding how various therapies might comparatively improve AD flares as a measure of treatment effectiveness may facilitate shared decision-making and enable assessment of effectiveness within and outside clinical settings. Objective: To identify patient-reported attributes associated with an AD flare to develop a patient-centered, consensus-based working definition. Design, Setting, and Participants: This consensus survey study used a modified eDelphi method involving consensus-building focus groups and a survey conducted from January 10 through October 24, 2023. Focus groups were conducted virtually, and the online survey was advertised to National Eczema Association members. US adults aged 18 years or older with AD were recruited via convenience sampling. Exposure: Lived experience of AD. Main Outcomes and Measures: The main outcome was consensus on which attributes of AD to include in a patient-centric definition of flare. Using a rating scale (range, 1-9), consensus for the modified eDelphi statement rating was defined as at least 70% of participants rating a statement as 7 to 9 (critical to a flare definition) and less than 15% rating it as 1 to 3 (not important). Results: Twenty-six participants with AD who completed focus group activities (24 aged 18-44 years [92.3%] and 2 aged 45-64 years [7.7%]; 18 women [69.2%]) and 631 participants with AD (mean [SD] age, 45.5 [18.1] years; 533 women [84.5%]) who completed the survey were included in the analysis. Fifteen statements reached consensus from the focus groups, and of those, 12 reached consensus from survey participants. More than half (334 of 631 [52.9%]) of survey participants reported alignment with their health care practitioner on what a flare is, and most (478 of 616 [77.6%]) reported that a patient-centered definition would be useful when communicating with their health care practitioner about their condition. Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, participants with AD reached consensus on what an AD flare means from the patient perspective. This understanding may improve research and care by addressing this key patient-centered aspect of evaluating treatment effectiveness.

Wearable devices for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A population survey on the willingness to adhere.

Objectives: When an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) occurs, the first step in the chain of survival is detection. However, 75% of OHCAs are unwitnessed, representing the largest barrier to activating the chain of survival. Wearable devices have the potential to be "artificial bystanders," detecting OHCA and alerting 9-1-1. We sought to understand factors impacting users' willingness for continuous use of a wearable device through an online survey to inform future use of these systems for automated OHCA detection. Methods: Data were collected from October 2022 to June 2023 through voluntary response sampling. The survey investigated user convenience and perception of urgency to understand design preferences and willingness to adhere to continuous wearable use across different hypothetical risk levels. Associations between categorical variables and willingness were evaluated through nonparametric tests. Logistic models were fit to evaluate the association between continuous variables and willingness at different hypothetical risk levels. Results: The survey was completed by 359 participants. Participants preferred hand-based devices (wristbands: 87%, watches: 86%, rings: 62%) and prioritized comfort (94%), cost (83%), and size (72%). Participants were more willing to adhere at higher levels of hypothetical risk. At the baseline risk of 0.1%, older individuals with prior wearable use were most willing to adhere to continuous wearable use. Conclusion: Individuals were willing to continuously wear wearable devices for OHCA detection, especially at increased hypothetical risk of OHCA. Optimizing willingness is not just a matter of adjusting for user preferences, but also increasing perception of urgency through awareness and education about OHCA.

Cost Evaluation of the Ontario Virtual Urgent Care Pilot Program: Population-Based, Matched Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: In 2020, the Ministry of Health (MoH) in Ontario, Canada, introduced a virtual urgent care (VUC) pilot program to provide alternative access to urgent care services and reduce the need for in-person emergency department (ED) visits for patients with low acuity health concerns. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare the 30-day costs associated with VUC and in-person ED encounters from an MoH perspective. METHODS: Using administrative data from Ontario (the most populous province of Canada), a population-based, matched cohort study of Ontarians who used VUC services from December 2020 to September 2021 was conducted. As it was expected that VUC and in-person ED users would be different, two cohorts of VUC users were defined: (1) those who were promptly referred to an ED by a VUC provider and subsequently presented to an ED within 72 hours (these patients were matched to in-person ED users with any discharge disposition) and (2) those seen by a VUC provider with no referral to an in-person ED (these patients were matched to patients who presented in-person to the ED and were discharged home by the ED physician). Bootstrap techniques were used to compare the 30-day mean costs of VUC (operational costs to set up the VUC program plus health care expenditures) versus in-person ED care (health care expenditures) from an MoH perspective. All costs are expressed in Canadian dollars (a currency exchange rate of CAD $1=US $0.76 is applicable). RESULTS: We matched 2129 patients who presented to an ED within 72 hours of VUC referral and 14,179 patients seen by a VUC provider without a referral to an ED. Our matched populations represented 99% (2129/2150) of eligible VUC patients referred to the ED by their VUC provider and 98% (14,179/14,498) of eligible VUC patients not referred to the ED by their VUC provider. Compared to matched in-person ED patients, 30-day costs per patient were significantly higher for the cohort of VUC patients who presented to an ED within 72 hours of VUC referral ($2805 vs $2299; difference of $506, 95% CI $139-$885) and significantly lower for the VUC cohort of patients who did not require ED referral ($907 vs $1270; difference of $362, 95% CI 284-$446). Overall, the absolute 30-day costs associated with the 2 VUC cohorts were $18.9 million (ie, $6.0 million + $12.9 million) versus $22.9 million ($4.9 million + $18.0 million) for the 2 in-person ED cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: This costing evaluation supports the use of VUC as most complaints were addressed without referral to ED. Future research should evaluate targeted applications of VUC (eg, VUC models led by nurse practitioners or physician assistants with support from ED physicians) to inform future resource allocation and policy decisions.

Exploring opportunities to strengthen rural tuberculosis health service delivery: a qualitative study with health workers in Tibet autonomous region, China.

OBJECTIVES: This qualitative study aimed to explore opportunities to strengthen tuberculosis (TB) health service delivery from the perspectives of health workers providing TB care in Shigatse prefecture of Tibet Autonomous Region, China. DESIGN: Qualitative research, semi-structured in-depth interviews. SETTING: The TB care ecosystem in Shigatse, including primary and community care. PARTICIPANTS: Participants: 37 semi-structured interviews were conducted with village doctors (14), township doctors and nurses (14), county hospital doctors (7) and Shigatse Centre for Disease Control staff (2). RESULTS: The three main themes reported include (1) the importance of training primary and community health workers to identify people with symptoms of TB, ensure TB is diagnosed and link people with TB to further care; (2) the need to engage community health workers to ensure retention in care and adherence to TB medications; and (3) the opportunity for innovative technologies to support coordinated care, retention in care and adherence to medication in Shigatse. CONCLUSIONS: The quality of TB care could be improved across the care cascade in Tibet and other high-burden, remote settings by strengthening primary care through ongoing training, greater support and inclusion of community health workers and by leveraging technology to create a circle of care. Future formative and implementation research should include the perspectives of health workers at all levels to improve care organisation and delivery.

Accuracy of etiological classification of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A scoping review.

INTRODUCTION: The Utstein reporting template classifies the etiology of OHCA into "presumed cardiac" and "obvious non-cardiac" or "medical" and "non-medical" categories; however, the accuracy of these classifications is unclear. Ascertaining more accurately the etiology of OHCA is important to tailor advanced life support and identify etiologically consistent patient cohorts for reporting incidence and outcome and enrollment in clinical trials. This scoping review was proposed to identify the state of agreement on etiological classification based on emergency medical service (EMS) data using the Utstein format against other sources. METHOD: We searched Medline, EBM-Cochrane, and Embase databases from 1946-2023 to identify studies that reported initial and confirmed etiologies of OHCA. A descriptive review of the included studies was conducted. RESULT: The search yielded 22,994 citations. After excluding duplicates, 16,932 citations were reviewed for titles and abstracts. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria of this review. The frequency of presumed cardiac etiologies based on EMS data was higher than confirmed cardiac etiologies (88% vs 33%) with 83-94% sensitivity and 73-76% specificity. In contrast, the frequency of presumed non-cardiac etiologies was lower than confirmed non-cardiac etiologies (3% vs 27%) with 52-74% sensitivity and 90-97.7% specificity estimated for respiratory disease. CONCLUSION: Major disparities exist between current etiological classifications based on the Utstein reporting template and robust sources such as autopsy and medical records. Data linkage and validation are necessary to confirm the etiology of OHCA. Further research is needed on how this misclassification affects reported incidence and outcomes, and how contributing factors may improve etiological classifications.

The experiences of cardiac arrest survivors and their key supporters following cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta-ethnography.

AIM: To review qualitative studies on the experience of sudden cardiac arrest survival from the perspective of both survivors and their key supporters, including family/close friends. METHODS: A seven-step meta-ethnography and synthesis of qualitative evidence was undertaken, informed by the Meta-Ethnography Reporting Guidelines (eMERGe). Four major databases were searched (Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO; January 1995-January 2022, updated July 2023) for qualitative studies exploring survivors' and/or key supporters' experiences of cardiac arrest survival. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation - Confidence in Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research (GRADE-CERQual) were applied to evaluate the overall confidence in research findings. Constructs were identified from each paper, informing theme and sub-theme development. RESULTS: From 15,917 unique titles/abstracts and 196 full-text articles, 32 met the inclusion criteria. Three themes captured the survivors' experiences: 1) Making sense of my cardiac arrest; 2) Learning to trust my body and mind; and 3) Re-evaluating my life. A further three themes reflected key supporters' experiences: 1) Emotional turmoil; 2) Becoming a carer: same person but different me; and 3) Engaging with a new and unknown world. However, limited data and some methodological weaknesses in included studies reduced confidence in several themes. The findings were conceived within the overarching concept of 'negotiating a new normal'. CONCLUSIONS: The enduring psychosocial and physical sequelae of cardiac arrest survival substantially impacts the lives of survivors and their key supporters, requiring negotiation of their 'new normality'. The need for sense-making, physical and psychological recovery, and the new roles for key supporters should be strong considerations in the development of future interventions.

Qualitative research in cardiac arrest research: A narrative review.

Qualitative research is defined as "the study of the nature of phenomena", including "their quality, different manifestations, the context in which they appear or the perspectives from which they can be perceived". It is a methodology which is becoming extremely valuable in resuscitation science, especially in terms of improving our understanding of the true impact of sudden cardiac arrest on survivors, family members, lay responders and health care providers. This narrative review provides a high-level overview of qualitative methods as well as the current state of the qualitative evidence and key knowledge gaps in resuscitation science. It finishes with discussion of the bright future of qualitative research in our field.

Wolf creek XVII part 4: Amplifying lay-rescuer response.

Introduction: Amplifying lay-rescuer response is a key priority to increase survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We describe the current state of lay-rescuer response, how we envision the future, and the gaps, barriers, and research priorities that will amplify response to OHCA. Methods: 'Amplifying Lay-Rescuer Response' was one of six focus topics for the Wolf Creek XVII Conference held on June 14-17, 2023, in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. Conference invitees included international thought leaders and scientists in the field of cardiac arrest resuscitation from academia and industry. Participants submitted via online survey knowledge gaps, barriers to translation and research priorities for each focus topic. Expert panels used the survey results and their own perspectives and insights to create and present a preliminary unranked list for each category that was debated, revised and ranked by all attendees to identify the top 5 for each category. Results: The top five knowledge gaps as ranked by the panel, reflected a recognition of the need to better understand the psycho-social aspects of lay response. The top five barriers to translation reflected issues at the individual, community, societal, structural, and governmental levels. The top five research priorities were focused on understanding the social/psychological and emotional barriers to action, finding the most effective/cost-effective strategies to educate lay persons and implement community life-saving interventions, evaluation of new technological solutions and how to enhance the role of dispatch working with lay-rescuers. Conclusion: Future research in lay rescuer response should incorporate technology innovations, understand the "humanity" of the situation, leverage implementation science and systems thinking to save lives. This will require the field of resuscitation to engage with scholars outside our traditional ranks and to be open to new ways of thinking about old problems.

Towards a patient-centred definition for atopic dermatitis flare: a qualitative study of adults with atopic dermatitis.

BACKGROUND: The term 'flare' is used across multiple diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD), to describe increased disease activity. While several definitions of an AD flare have been proposed, no single definition of AD flare is widely accepted and it is unclear what the term 'AD flare' means from the patient perspective. OBJECTIVES: To understand AD flares from the adult patient perspective and to explore how adults with AD define an AD flare. METHODS: Participants were adults with AD recruited from the National Eczema Association Ambassadors programme, a volunteer patient-engagement programme. They participated in online focus groups to discuss how they describe AD flares from their perspective, how they define its start and stop, and how they relate to existing definitions of flare. Using a grounded theory approach, transcripts were analysed and coded using an iterative process to identify concepts to support a patient-centred conceptual framework of 'flare'. RESULTS: Six 90-min focus groups of 3-8 participants each were conducted with 29 US adults (≥ 18 years of age) with AD who had at least one self-reported AD flare in the past year. When participants were presented with examples of previously published definitions of AD flare, participants found them problematic and unrelatable. Specifically, they felt that flare is hard to quantify or put on a numerical scale, definitions cannot solely be about skin symptoms and clinical verbiage does not resonate with patients' lived experiences. Concepts identified by patients as important to a definition of flare were changes from patient's baseline/patient's normal, mental/emotional/social consequences, physical changes in skin, attention needed/all-consuming focus, itch-scratch-burn cycle and control/loss of control/quality of life. Figuring out the trigger that initiated a flare was an underlying concept of the experience of flare but was not considered a contributor to the definition. CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight the complexity and diversity of AD flare experiences from the adult patient perspective. Previously published definitions of AD flares did not resonate with patients, suggesting a need for a patient-centred flare definition to support care conversations and AD management.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a skin disease that affects 10% of children and 7% of adults living in the USA. People living with AD experience inflamed, itchy skin with periods of worsening called 'flares'. To date, there have been many proposed definitions of flare; however, no definition describes the significant features of a flare as identified by those who have experienced flares first hand. The goal of this study was to create a new patient-informed definition of an AD flare. This patient-centred study was done by an international team of authors from the USA and Canada, including two authors from a patient advocacy organization and a person living with AD. We virtually interviewed groups of US adults with AD to discuss what flares meant to them. Themes that people living with AD felt were important to a flare definition included experiencing a change from a subjective baseline, physical changes of the skin, increased demand/focus on management of the skin, loss of control/quality of life, undergoing psychological/social consequences and the itch­scratch cycle. Flares were also associated with trying to figure out the cause of the flare. People with AD felt existing flare definitions did not reflect their experiences due to difficulty applying a numerical scale to their multidimensional experiences, definitions being exclusively about skin, and wording being too clinical and not relevant to their lived experience. The results of our study reveal important concepts of an AD flare from the patient perspective and highlight the diversity of features that define a flare. This patient-informed definition of flare can assist healthcare professionals in their delivery of care.

2023 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Pediatric Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; and First Aid Task Forces.

The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation engages in a continuous review of new, peer-reviewed, published cardiopulmonary resuscitation and first aid science. Draft Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendations are posted online throughout the year, and this annual summary provides more concise versions of the final Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendations from all task forces for the year. Topics addressed by systematic reviews this year include resuscitation of cardiac arrest from drowning, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for adults and children, calcium during cardiac arrest, double sequential defibrillation, neuroprognostication after cardiac arrest for adults and children, maintaining normal temperature after preterm birth, heart rate monitoring methods for diagnostics in neonates, detection of exhaled carbon dioxide in neonates, family presence during resuscitation of adults, and a stepwise approach to resuscitation skills training. Members from 6 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task forces have assessed, discussed, and debated the quality of the evidence, using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria, and their statements include consensus treatment recommendations. Insights into the deliberations of the task forces are provided in the Justification and Evidence-to-Decision Framework Highlights sections. In addition, the task forces list priority knowledge gaps for further research. Additional topics are addressed with scoping reviews and evidence updates.

Going home positive: a qualitative study of the experiences of care for patients with COVID-19 who are not hospitalized.

BACKGROUND: Most Canadians diagnosed with COVID-19 have had mild symptoms not requiring hospitalization. We sought to understand the patient experience of care while being isolated at home after testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS: We conducted a phenomenologically informed qualitative descriptive study using in-depth semistructured interviews to identify common themes of experience for patients sent home from hospital with a positive COVID-19 diagnosis. Between July and December 2020, we conducted interviews with patients who were followed by the North York General Hospital COVID Follow-Up Clinic. Patients with mild to moderate symptoms were interviewed 4 weeks after their COVID-19 diagnosis. We conducted the interviews and performed a thematic analysis of the data concurrently, in keeping with the iterative process of qualitative methodology. RESULTS: We conducted interviews with 26 patients. From our analysis, 3 themes were developed regarding participants' overall experience: lack of adequate communication, inconsistency of information from various sources, and the social implications of a COVID-19 diagnosis. The implications of a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 infection are substantial, even when symptoms are mild and patients self-isolate as recommended. Participants noted communication challenges and inconsistent information, leading to exacerbated stress. INTERPRETATION: Participants shared their experiences of the stigma of testing positive and the frustration of poor communication structures and inconsistent information. Experiencing care during self-isolation at home is an area of increasing importance, and these findings can inform improved support, ensuring access to equitable and safe COVID-19 care for these patients.

2023 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Pediatric Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; and First Aid Task Forces.

The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation engages in a continuous review of new, peer-reviewed, published cardiopulmonary resuscitation and first aid science. Draft Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendations are posted online throughout the year, and this annual summary provides more concise versions of the final Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendations from all task forces for the year. Topics addressed by systematic reviews this year include resuscitation of cardiac arrest from drowning, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for adults and children, calcium during cardiac arrest, double sequential defibrillation, neuroprognostication after cardiac arrest for adults and children, maintaining normal temperature after preterm birth, heart rate monitoring methods for diagnostics in neonates, detection of exhaled carbon dioxide in neonates, family presence during resuscitation of adults, and a stepwise approach to resuscitation skills training. Members from 6 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task forces have assessed, discussed, and debated the quality of the evidence, using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria, and their statements include consensus treatment recommendations. Insights into the deliberations of the task forces are provided in the Justification and Evidence-to-Decision Framework Highlights sections. In addition, the task forces list priority knowledge gaps for further research. Additional topics are addressed with scoping reviews and evidence updates.

Health care utilization and outcomes of patients seen by virtual urgent care versus in-person emergency department care.

BACKGROUND: Virtual urgent care (VUC) is intended to support diversion of patients with low-acuity complaints and reduce the need for in-person emergency department visits. We aimed to describe subsequent health care utilization and outcomes of patients who used VUC compared with similar patients who had an in-person emergency department visit. METHODS: We used patient-level encounter data that were prospectively collected for patients using VUC services provided by 14 pilot programs in Ontario, Canada. We linked the data to provincial administrative databases to identify subsequent 30-day health care utilization and outcomes. We defined 2 subgroups of VUC users; those with a documented prompt referral to an emergency department by a VUC provider, and those without. We matched patients in each cohort to an equal number of patients presenting to an emergency department in person, based on encounter date, medical concern and the logit of a propensity score. For the subgroup of patients not promptly referred to an emergency department, we matched patients to those who were seen in an emergency department and then discharged home. RESULTS: Of the 19 595 patient VUC visits linked to administrative data, we matched 2129 patients promptly referred to the emergency department by a VUC provider to patients presenting to the emergency department in person. Index visit hospital admissions (9.4% v. 8.7%), 30-day emergency department visits (17.0% v. 17.5%), and hospital admissions (12.9% v. 11.0%) were similar between the groups. We matched 14 179 patients who were seen by a VUC provider with no documented referral to the emergency department. Patients seen by VUC were more likely to have a subsequent in-person emergency department visit within 72 hours (13.7% v. 7.0%), 7 days (16.5% v. 10.3%) and 30 days (21.9% v. 17.9%), but hospital admissions were similar within 72 hours (1.1% v. 1.3%), and higher within 30 days for patients who were discharged home from the emergency department (2.6% v. 3.4%). INTERPRETATION: The impact of the provincial VUC pilot program on subsequent health care utilization was limited. There is a need to better understand the inherent limitations of virtual care and ensure future virtual providers have timely access to in-person outpatient resources, to prevent subsequent emergency department visits.

Correction: Normalizing Telemonitoring in Nurse-Led Care Models for Complex Chronic Patient Populations: Case Study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/36346.].

Development of the Preferred Components for Co-Design in Research Guideline and Checklist: Protocol for a Scoping Review and a Modified Delphi Process.

BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that co-design can lead to more engaging, acceptable, relevant, feasible, and even effective interventions. However, no guidance is provided on the specific designs and associated methods or methodologies involved in the process. We propose the development of the Preferred Components for Co-design in Research (PRECISE) guideline to enhance the consistency, transparency, and quality of reporting co-design studies used to develop complex health interventions. OBJECTIVE: The aim is to develop the first iteration of the PRECISE guideline. The purpose of the PRECISE guideline is to improve the consistency, transparency, and quality of reporting on studies that use co-design to develop complex health interventions. METHODS: The aim will be achieved by addressing the following objectives: to review and synthesize the literature on the models, theories, and frameworks used in the co-design of complex health interventions to identify their common elements (components, values or principles, associated methods and methodologies, and outcomes); and by using the results of the scoping review, prioritize the co-design components, values or principles, associated methods and methodologies, and outcomes to be included in the PRECISE guideline. RESULTS: The project has been funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. CONCLUSIONS: The collective results of this project will lead to a ready-to-implement PRECISE guideline that outlines a minimum set of items to include when reporting the co-design of complex health interventions. The PRECISE guideline will improve the consistency, transparency, and quality of reports of studies. Additionally, it will include guidance on how to enact or enable the values or principles of co-design for meaningful and collaborative solutions (interventions). PRECISE might also be used by peer reviewers and editors to improve the review of manuscripts involving co-design. Ultimately, the PRECISE guideline will facilitate more efficient use of new results about complex health intervention development and bring better returns on research investments. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/50463.

Addendum to the Acknowledgements: Experiences of Complex Patients with Telemonitoring in a Nurse-Led Model of Care: Multi-Method Feasibility Study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/22118.].

Correction: Exploring an Innovative Care Model and Telemonitoring for the Management of Patients with Complex Chronic Needs: Qualitative Description Study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/15691.].