The effect of oral supplementation of ginger on glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Ginger, a root originating in Southeast Asia, has several therapeutic benefits to human health, including antioxidant activity. Currently, there are discussions regarding the hypoglycemic properties of dietary supplements derived from its phenolic compounds in the management of chronic diseases. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic and complex disease that requires continuous treatment, with glycemic control being decisive in the management of hyperglycemia. AIM: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify the effects of oral supplementation of ginger in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients undergoing randomized clinical trial studies. METHODS: Across the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, randomized controlled trials that examined the role of ginger in T2DM until January 2022 were systematically researched. The parameters used to assess T2DM treatment control were Fasting Blood Glucose (FBS) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Bias risk assessment of the studies was performed using the RoB 2.0 tool. Meta-analysis was performed considering data compatibility. RESULTS: Five studies were included in the analysis. Capsules containing Zingiber officinale powder were supplemented twice a day. The dose ranged from 1.2 to 2g/day, and the intervention period ranged from 4 to 12 weeks. Meta-analysis results indicated no significant effect of ginger supplementation on FBS or HbA1c. However, individual studies reported mixed results, with two studies showing a significant reduction in FBS. This suggests that while ginger may have potential as an adjuvant therapy, its overall impact on glycemic control in T2DM is not statistically significant when results are pooled. CONCLUSION: Currently published articles are still limited, requiring further studies of high methodological quality to verify the effectiveness of ginger supplementation on T2DM parameters control.

Oral administration of oleuropein and olive leaf extract has cardioprotective effects in rodents: A systematic review.

Oleuropein is a polyphenol found in olive trees that has shown beneficial effects in animal studies and potentially in human health, although few studies have been performed to confirm this hypothesis in the latter population. Previous studies related its antioxidant activity to cardioprotective effects and showed a positive correlation between dose and response. We thus aimed to assess the cardioprotective effect of oleuropein and olive leaf extract in animal experiments. A literature search was conducted in June 2020 in the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. The descriptors "oleuropein" and "oleuropein aglycone" identified 12 articles for qualitative synthesis. Risk of bias was assessed by SYRCLE's RoB tool for animal studies. The results demonstrate evidence of a positive association between the administration of oleuropein and olive leaf extract and improvement in outcomes in hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction. renal hypertension and diabetes. This review presents a positive effect of oleuropein and olive leaf extract administration on cardiovascular parameters in animal studies.

Determination of volatile compounds responsible for sensory characteristics from Brazilian extra virgin olive oil using HS-SPME/GC-MS direct method.

Producing of extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) containing pleasant sensory notes depends on fruits quality and production process and is strongly associated with their classification that is based on aroma and sensory taste. Consolidated as an efficient method, the direct headspace solid phase microextraction technique (HS-SPME) was utilized to characterize the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profile, which contributes to the aroma of olive oils from southwestern (Serra da Mantiqueira region) and southern (Campanha Gaúcha region) Brazil. In this work, the relationship between the VOCs and sensory characteristics has been established; 19 EVOO samples (12 from Campanha Gaúcha and 7 from Serra da Mantiqueira) were studied. Indeed, the main volatile compounds were analyzed and grouped by their classification as well stood up with the trained sensorial panel perceptions. Relevant correlation between artichoke notes and ripe EVOO and between herbaceous notes and green EVOO was found. Additional correlations were observed for C5 and C6 VOCs with green and fruit/floral notes. The results denote the high quality among the samples and imply that besides the genetic factor, ripe or green classification influenced the volatile composition. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: As the Brazilian olive oil production is increasing, knowing about different sensory characteristics and its correlation with the volatile compounds of extra virgin olive oil represents a good tool to improve the quality. Moreover, the application of direct SPME method was possible evidence in the differentiation of ripe and green olive oils, beyond the production region and in consonance with its sensory notes and characteristics.

A vitamin D pathway gene-gene interaction affects low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.

Much evidence suggests an association between vitamin D deficiency and chronic diseases such as obesity and dyslipidemia. Although genetic factors play an important role in the etiology of these diseases, only a few studies have investigated the relationship between vitamin D-related genes and anthropometric and lipid profiles. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of three vitamin D-related genes with anthropometric and lipid parameters in 542 adult individuals. We analyzed the rs2228570 polymorphism in the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR), rs2134095 in the retinoid X receptor gamma gene (RXRG) and rs7041 in the vitamin D-binding protein gene (GC). Polymorphisms were genotyped by TaqMan allelic discrimination. Gene-gene interactions were evaluated by the general linear model. The functionality of the polymorphisms was investigated using the following predictors and databases: SIFT (Sorting Intolerant from Tolerant), PolyPhen-2 (Polymorphism Phenotyping v2) and Human Splicing Finder 3. We identified a significant effect of the interaction between RXRG (rs2134095) and GC (rs7041) on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels (P=.005). Furthermore, our in silico analysis suggested a functional role for both variants in the regulation of the gene products. Our results suggest that the vitamin D-related genes RXRG and GC affect LDL-c levels. These findings are in agreement with other studies that consistently associate vitamin D and lipid profile. Together, our results corroborate the idea that analyzing gene-gene interaction would be helpful to clarify the genetic component of lipid profile.

Role for the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway in the protective effects of carnosic acid against methylglyoxal-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.

Glycation, a process that occurs endogenously and generates advanced glycation end products (AGEs), presents an important role in cases of neurodegeneration, as for instance Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methylglyoxal (MG), a dicarbonyl compound, is the most potent inducer of AGEs, whose levels have been found increased in samples obtained from subjects suffering from AD. Moreover, MG induces protein cross-linking and redox impairment in vitro and in vivo. Carnosic acid (CA), a phenolic diterpene isolated from Rosmarinus officinalis, exerts protective effects in neuronal cells by increasing antioxidant defenses and detoxification systems. In the present work, we aimed to investigate whether there is a role for CA against MG-induced neurotoxicity. Data obtained here clearly demonstrate that CA pretreatment (1 µM for 12 h) caused cytoprotective effects and counteracted the damage elicited by MG in SH-SY5Y cells. CA inhibited loss of mitochondrial membrane polarity (MMP) and cytochrome c release from mitochondria, consequently blocking activation of pro-apoptotic caspase enzymes. Furthermore, CA alleviated MG-induced oxidative and nitrosative damage. CA prevented MG-dependent neurotoxicity by activating the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway and the antioxidant enzymes modulated by Nrf2 transcription factor. Overall, the data presented here show the protective role of CA by its ability to counteract MG negative effects.

Perception of body image of adolescents and of their parents in relation to the nutritional status and blood pressure.

UNLABELLED: The perception of body image of adolescents is an instrument for nutritional assessment to health conditions. OBJECTIVE: To verify the body image perception of adolescents and their parents in relation to nutritional status and blood pressure levels. METHODS: Population-based study, and cross-sectional model, conducted with parents and adolescents aged 10-19 years old, in rural and urban zones in public schools. There was applied the Scale silhouettes for parents about the perception of the described body image and a question about the concern of the nutritional status of their children. There were verified the blood pressure, weight, height and waist circumference, the BMI (kg/m²) calculation of the adolescents, and the self-perceived body image. The data was expressed as average ± standard deviation and percentages. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 914 adolescents with a mean age of 13.12 ± 2.17 years, 56.8% female and 68.9% were eutrophic. As for blood pressure levels, 17.6% were classified in pre-hypertensive, 18.8% in stage 1 hypertension and 6% in stage 2. About the self-perception, 68% considered themselves being eutrophic and 64.75% of the parents classified their children as eutrophic. There was observed a direct and significant correlation among the body mass index, waist circumference, weight, systemic and diastolic blood pressure with the self-perception of the adolescents and the body image perceptions of the parents (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The nutritional status was significantly correlated with blood pressure, waist circumference and body image perceptions of the adolescents and their respective parents.

La percepción de la imagen corporal de los adolescentes de un instrumento para la evaluación nutricional de las condiciones de salud. Objetivo: Verificar la percepción de la imagen corporal de los adolescentes y sus padres en relación con los niveles de estado y la presión arterial nutricionales. Métodos: Estudio poblacional, y el modelo de la sección transversal, realizada con los padres y adolescentes de 10 a 19 años de edad, en las zonas rurales y urbanas en las escuelas públicas. Se aplicó la Escala de siluetas de los padres acerca de la percepción de la imagen corporal descrita y una pregunta acerca de la preocupación de la situación nutricional de sus hijos. No se verificaron la circunferencia de la presión arterial, peso, altura y cintura, el IMC (kg / m²) cálculo de los adolescentes, y la imagen corporal de la percepción subjetiva. Los datos se expresaron como media ± desviación estándar y porcentajes. Resultados: La muestra estuvo constituida por 914 adolescentes con una edad media de 13,12 ± 2,17 años, 56,8% mujeres y 68,9% eran eutróficos. En cuanto a los niveles de presión arterial, el 17,6% fueron clasificados en pre-hipertensos, 18,8% en la etapa 1 de hipertensión y el 6% en la etapa 2. Sobre la percepción de sí mismo, el 68% se consideraban ser eutróficos y 64,75% de los padres a sus hijos como clasificado eutróficos. No se observó una correlación directa y significativa entre el índice de masa corporal, circunferencia de la cintura, el peso, la presión arterial sistémica y diastólica con la auto-percepción de los adolescentes y la percepción de imagen corporal de los padres (p.

Relação entre excesso de peso e consumo de cálcio em crianças e adolescentes / Relación entre peso exceso y consumo de calcio en niños y adolescentes / Relationship between excess weight and consumption of calcium in children and adolescents

O objetivo do presente estudo foi relacionar o estado nutricional com a ingestão de macronutrientes e cálcio em crianças e adolescentes de um município do Rio Grande do Sul. O método utilizado foi o estudo transversal com 292 crianças e adolescentes, de ambos os gêneros, matriculadas nas escolas públicas do município. Foi realizada a avaliação nutricional e o recordatório de 24 horas em dois dias distintos, sendo considerada a média de ambos para o resultado final. Encontrou-se um consumo de cálcio acima do recomendado entre as crianças e adolescentes com sobrepeso (p=0,026). Entre os meninos, observou-se um consumo significativamente maior de cálcio em relação às meninas (p=0,007), também entre os meninos observou-se uma ingestão significativamente menor de lipídios em relação às meninas (p=0,031). Conclui-se, portanto, que o excesso de consumo de cálcio está associado a crianças e adolescentes com sobrepeso. Não houve relação do estado nutricional com a ingestão de macronutrientes.

El objetivo de este estudio fue correlacionar el estado nutricional con la ingesta de macronutrientes y calcio en los niños y adolescentes en una ciudad en Rio Grande do Sul. El método utilizado fue el estudio transversal con 292 niños y adolescentes, de ambos sexos, matriculados en las escuelas públicas de la ciudad. Se realizó evaluación nutricional y el recordatorio de 24 horas en dos días diferentes, con la media de ambos para el resultado final. Se encontró un consumo de calcio por encima recomendado en niños y adolescentes con sobrepeso (p=0,026). Entre los chicos, hubo una ingesta de calcio significativamente mayor en relación a las niñas (p=0,007), también entre los chicos que había una ingesta significativamente menor de lípidos en relación con las niñas (p=0,031). De ello se desprende, pues, que la ingesta de exceso de calcio se asocia con los niños y adolescentes con sobrepeso. No hubo relación entre el estado nutricional y la ingesta de macronutrientes.

The objective of this study was to compare the nutritional status with macronutrient intake and calcium in children and adolescents in a city of Rio Grande do Sul. Methods: Transversal study with 292 children and the adolescents, of both genders, enrolled in public schools. Was performed a nutritional assessment and 24 hour recordatory on two different days, being considered the average of two for the end result. We found a calcium consumption above recommended in children and adolescents were overweight (p=0.026). Among boys there was a significantly greater calcium consumption in relation girls (p=0.007), also between the boys showed a significantly lower ingestion of lipids in relation the girls (p=0.031). Conclusion: That excessive calcium consumption is related to overweight children. There was no relation of nutritional status with macronutrient intake.

Escolha da via de parto pela mulher: autonomia ou indução? / Choice of delivery method by the woman: autonomy or induction?

Este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a percepção e preferência de gestantes e puérperas sobre o parto vaginal e cesáreo. Pesquisa transversal, de caráter exploratório, com abordagem quanti-qualitativa, ocorrida em quatro Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBSs) de um município de pequeno porte do Vale do Taquari. A amostra foi composta por 81 gestantes, o que significa 20,88% dos nascimentos anuais, e 28,72% das gestantes cadastradas no Sistema de Informações do Programa de Humanização do Pré-Natal e Nascimento do Ministério da Saúde (SISPRENATAL); destas, 75% (n=61) preferem o parto vaginal e 25% (n=20), o parto abdominal. Estes dados indicam que a preferência referida pelas gestantes não influencia no tipo de parto realizado, pois o índice de cesáreas do município em questão é de 89%. Foram entrevistadas três puérperas que realizaram partos abdominais e na concepção destas o parto vaginal oferece mais risco na parturição. Conclui-se que a humanização da atenção no pré-natal e ao parto, com indicação médica baseada em evidências, pode contribuir para a redução do percentual de cesarianas, pois o estudo mostra que estas não têm ocorrido, na maioria das vezes, por escolha da mulher.

This study aimed to assess the perception and preference of pregnant and postpartum women for vaginal and cesarean section. Cross-sectional survey of exploratory, quantitative and qualitative approach, which occurred in four Basic Health Units (BHUs) of a small city's of Taquari Valley. The sample consisted of 81 pregnant women, which means 20.88% of annual births, and 28.72% of pregnant women registered in System Information Program for Humanization of Prenatal and Birth of the Ministry of Health (SISPRENATAL); of these, 75% (n=61) would prefer the vaginal and 25% (n=20), abdominal delivery. These data indicates that the preference reported by pregnant women is not influencing the type of delivery, because the rate of cesarean delivery in the municipality in question is 89%. Three postpartum women who underwent abdominal delivery and for these vaginal birth is more risky during labor were interviewed. It is clear that one is necessary to perform more humanized care in prenatal and delivery care, along with medical recommendations, so that it can reduce the cesarean delivery and induce abdominal delivery and the belief that this offers less risk in parturition.

Estado nutricional e prevalencia de doencas cronicas em idosos de um municipio do interior do Rio Grande do Sul / Nutritional status and prevalence of chronic diseases among elderly in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil

OBJETIVO: Verificar os fatores de risco que interferem no estado nutricional dos idosos socialmente ativos de um município do interior do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. MÉTODOS: Estudo do tipo transversal, do qual participaram voluntariamente 284 idosos. Foi aplicado questionário individual estruturado contendo questões relativas aos hábitos alimentares e foram coletados os dados antropométricos (peso, altura, circunferência da cintura). RESULTADOS: 60,3% dos homens e 62,5% das mulheres estavam com sobrepeso. Com base na avaliação da circunferência da cintura, verificou-se um risco muito aumentado para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares em 98,5% dos homens e 92,5% das mulheres. A maioria das mulheres (56,9%) informou usar algum medicamento contínuo, enquanto que entre os homens (52,5%), a maioria respondeu não consumir nenhum medicamento. Não se observou diferença significativa entre os diferentes estados nutricionais e os hábitos alimentares investigados. Entre os casados, o sobrepeso foi encontrado em 47,1% dos homens e em 35,6% das mulheres. CONCLUSÃO: A maioria da população idosa estudada apresentou sobrepeso e circunferência da cintura elevada entre homens e mulheres. Não se observou associação entre o estado nutricional e o número de refeições, ingestão de água, consumo diário de frutas e verduras, tipo de leite ingerido, consumo semanal de carnes, doces, frituras e leguminosas. .

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the factors affecting the nutritional status of socially active elderly in a municipality in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study where 284 subjects participated voluntarily. A structured individual questionnaire containing questions relating to eating habits was administered and anthropometric data (weight, height, waist circumference) were collected. RESULTS: 60.3% of men and 62.5% of women were overweight. Based on the assessment of waist circumference (WC) there was increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in 98.5% of men and 92.5% women. Most women (56.9%) reported some solid drug use, whereas among men (52.5%), most reported no medicine consumption. No significant difference between the different nutritional status and dietary habits investigated was observed. Among married, overweight was found in 47.1% of men and 35.6% of women. CONCLUSION: The majority of the elderly population was overweight and waist circumference was large among men and women. No association between nutritional status and the number of meals, water intake, daily intake of fruits and vegetables, type of milk consumed, weekly consumption of meat, candies, fried foods and legumes was observed. .

Fatores associados à hipertensão arterial sistêmica e ao estado nutricional de hipertensos inscritos no programa Hiperdia / Factors associated with systemic hypertension and nutritional status of hypertensive enrolled in the program Hiperdia

OBJETIVO: Analisar fatores associados à Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS) e sua relação com o estado nutricional de indivíduos hipertensos cadastrados no programa Hiperdia em um município do Rio Grande do Sul. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados indivíduos hipertensos cadastrados no Hiperdia. Os dados referentes aos fatores associados à hipertensão foram coletados por meio de um questionário semiestruturado composto pelas seguintes variáveis: idade, escolaridade, exercício físico, tabagismo, medicamentos consumidos, herança genética, doenças crônicas, peso, altura e circunferência da cintura. RESULTADOS: Entre os 402 hipertensos estudados, 138 (34,3%) eram adultos e 264 (65,7%) eram idosos, sendo que a maioria era do gênero feminino. A prevalência de excesso de peso foi de 76,8% em adultos enquanto 35% dos idosos apresentaram peso normal. Quando comparadas as faixas etárias, 11% dos idosos estavam significativamente associados ao analfabetismo. Os adultos e idosos apresentaram média de circunferência da cintura e classificação do IMC acima dos níveis desejados. CONCLUSÃO: Neste estudo, a HAS foi associada a níveis pressóricos aumentados com o avanço da idade, excesso de peso, circunferência da cintura elevada, baixa escolaridade, fumo e consumo de bebida alcoólica. O excesso de peso configurou-se como um dos fatores mais agravantes nessa população.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze factors associated with hypertension and its relation with nutritional status of hypertensive subjects enrolled in the program Hiperdia in a municipality of Rio Grande do Sul. METHODS: We evaluated patients with hypertension enrolled in Hiperdia. The data related with risk factors for hypertension were collected through a semi structured questionnaire composed of the following variables: age, education, exercise, smoking, drugs consumed, genetics, chronic diseases, weight, height and waist circumference. RESULTS: Among the 402 hypertensive patients studied, 138 (34.3%) were adults and 264 (65.7%) were elderly, and the majority were female. The prevalence of overweight was 76.8% in adults, while 35% of them were normal weight. When compared the ages, 11% of the elderly were significantly associated with illiteracy. The adults and the elderly presented waist circumference and BMI classification above desired levels. CONCLUSION: In this study, hypertension was associated with increase of age, excess of weight, waist circumference, low education, smoking and alcohol consumption. Excess of weight was configured as one of the most aggravating factors in this population.

Quantificação de micronutrientes em vegetais submetidos a diferentes métodos de cocção para doente renal crônico / Measurement of micronutrients in vegetables submitted to different methods of cooking for patient with chronic kidney disease

Introdução: Métodos de cocção adequados são importantes para a boa nutrição do paciente com Doença Renal Crônica (DRC). Objetivos: Quantificar Na, K e P em vegetais para indicar aos pacientes com DRC. Métodos: Foram quantificados o teor de sódio, potássio e fósforo da cenoura e batata inglesa, submetidos a quatro métodos de cocção: em água, a vapor, por irradiação em forno de micro-ondas e desidratação. Resultados: Para a cenoura, as maiores reduções de Na (37,0%) e K (33,7%) foram obtidas por cocção em água, e de P (18,3%), a vapor. Na batata, houve diminuição de P (55,1%) e K (33,8%), por cocção em água e um acréscimo de Na, após todos os processos. Conclusão: Os métodos de preparo desses alimentos, mais indicados ao portador de DRC foram cocção em água e a vácuo, devendo ser evitado o de desidratação.

Introduction: Appropriate cooking methods are important for the good nutrition of the patient with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Objective: To quantify Na, K and P in vegetables for indicate to the patients with CKD. Method: We quantified the content of sodium, potassium and phosphorus of the carrot and English potato submitted to four approaches of cooking: in water, by steam, by irradiation in a microwave oven and dehydration. Results: For the carrot, the highest reduction of Na (37.0%) and K (33.7%) were obtained by boiling in water, and of P (18.3%) by steam. In potato, there was a decrease of P (55.1%) and of K (33.8%) by cooking in water and an addition of Na, after all processes. Conclusion: The most indicated methods of preparing these foods for patients with CKD were cooking it in water and in vaccum, should be avoided dehydration.

Risco para desenvolvimento de transtornos alimentares em estudantes de Nutrição / Risk for development of eating disorders in students of nutrition

Objetivos: avaliar a presença de risco para o desenvolvimento de transtornos alimentares em estudantes de nutrição. Métodos: foram avaliadas 203 alunas matriculadas em curso superior de Nutrição através do Teste de Atitudes Alimentares como EAT+ (escore superior a 20). Foi calculado o índice de massa corporal através de peso e altura auto-referidos. A correlação entre EAT + e índice de massa corporal foi avaliada pelo coeficiente de Spearman. Resultados: de acordo com o questionário, 35 das mulheres estudadas apresentavam riscos de desenvolvimento de transtornos alimentares e 75,8 apresentava-se eutróficas. Encontramos correlação positiva entre EAT+ e índice de massa corporal no grupo de estudantes eutróficas apresentaram risco para comportamentos alimentares inadequados.

Eficácia das flavonóides de uva, vinho tinto e suco de uva tinto na prevenção e no tratamento secundário da aterosclerose / Efficacy of grape, red wine and grape juice flavonoids in the prevention and secondary treatment of atherosclerosis

Objetivo: Fazer revisão sobre a eficácia dos flavonóides presentes na uva, suco de uva e vinho tinto quanto a sua a ação antioxidante no colesterol LDL (low density lipoproteína de baixa densidade) e demais efeitos antiaterogênicos, na prevenção e tratamento secundário da aterosclerose. Fonte de Dados: Foram pesquisados artigos originais no PubMed, Cochrane Library e a partir das referências de artigos originais. Síntese dos Dados: Os resultados encontrados indicam que os flavonóides no vinho tinto exerceram uma forte ação antioxidante em humanos e animais, reduzindo a oxidação do colesterol LDL, melhorando a função endotelial a pressão arterial. O suco de uva tinto mostrou ser mais rico em flavonóides do que o vinho tinto, melhorou os fatores de risco relacionados ao desenvolvimento da aterosclerose, como a diminuição da agregação plaquetária, reduziu a pressão arterial e melhorou a função endotelial, porém, em alguns estudos, não evitou a oxidação do colesterol LDL. Conclusões: Existe uma relação inversa entre a mortalidade por doença arterial coronariana e o consumo de alimentos ricos em flavonóides do vinho tinto exerceram ação antioxidante mais eficaz que os do suco de uva, tanto em seres humanos quanto em animais, reduzindo a oxidação do colesterol LDL. O suco de uva mostrou eficácia em alguns estudos, diminuindo o desenvolvimento da placa lipídica , porém em outros estudos houve controvérsias. É fundamental que sejam realizados com o suco de uva, para que se possa chegar a um resultado mais esclarecedor em relação ao seu benefício como antioxidante.