Sedentary Behavior, Obesity, and Disabilities in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Analysis of the Brazilian National Health Survey 2019.

Research suggests that sedentary behavior (SB) and obesity are associated with disabilities in basic activities (BADL) and instrumental (IADL) activities of daily living. However, there is a lack of studies investigating this association in community-dwelling older adults. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between different SB typologies, isolated and in conjunction with obesity, and their associations with BADL and IADL disabilities in community-dwelling Brazilian older adults. This was a cross-sectional study using data from older adults (≥60 years) who participated in the Brazilian National Health Survey (2019). The exposures were obesity (BMI > 27 kg/m2) and the amount of time spent daily on SB watching television (SB TV < 3 and ≥3 h/day) and engaging in leisure activities (SB leisure < 3 and ≥3 h/day), analyzed both separately and jointly. The outcomes were BADL and IADL disabilities. The main results showed that isolated SB TV ≥ 3 h/day (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.14; 1.39) and SB TV ≥ 3 h/day combined with obesity (OR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.37; 1.75) increased the odds of BADL and IADL disabilities. Obesity alone (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.07; 1.36) increased only the odds of BADL disabilities. Moreover, SB leisure ≥ 3 h/day without obesity reduced the odds of IADL disabilities (OR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.41; 0.76). Ideally, older adults should be encouraged to prevent obesity, reduce excessive periods spent in SB watching TV, and increase the daily periods spent in leisure activities, thus minimizing the likelihood of disabilities in functional activities.

Analysis of sarcopenic obesity prevalence and diagnostic agreement according to the 2022 ESPEN and EASO Consensus in hospitalized older adults with severe obesity.

Background: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a clinical disorder characterized by increased adiposity and decreased muscle mass and function, commonly observed in older adults. However, most of the studies that investigated SO prevalence rates were not based on current standardized diagnostic methods. Thus, this study aims to estimate the prevalence rates of SO and their level of agreement using different instruments proposed by the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) Consensus, in a sample of hospitalized older adults with severe obesity. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 90 older adults (≥ 60 years) with severe obesity (body mass index ≥ 35 kg/m/²) seeking an in-hospital multidisciplinary body weight reduction program. Skeletal muscle function was assessed using the five-repetition Sit-Stand test (5-SSt) and Handgrip Strength (HGS). Body composition was evaluated by high percentages of fat mass (FM), low appendicular lean mass (ALM/W), and skeletal muscle mass (SMM/W), adjusted to body weight. The stage of SO was assessed on the presence of at least one comorbidity and specific cut-offs were adopted for each step. All analyses were performed according to gender and age range. Results: The prevalence rates of SO in the total sample were 23.3%, 25.5%, 31.1%, and 40.0% considering altered values of 5-SSt+FM+ALM/W, HGS+FM+ALM/W, 5-SSt+FMSSM/W, and HGS+FM+SSM/W, respectively. Higher prevalence rates were observed among female and old elderly subgroups, regardless of the diagnostic combination. There were weak agreements between the muscle function tests (5-SSt versus HGS) using both muscle mass indexes in the total sample and all subgroups. Moderate agreements were observed between muscle mass indexes (SMM/W versus ALM/W) in the total sample, male and younger older adults (using 5-SSt), and strong agreements for men and younger older adults (using HGS). Conclusion: The discrepancies observed between the prevalence rates and their levels of agreement reinforce the need for new studies in similar populations aiming for better standardization of SO assessment.

Association between self-perception of the neighborhood environment and sleep problems in older Brazilian adults: findings from ELSI-Brazil.

This study aimed to investigate associations between neighborhood perception and sleep problems in older Brazilian adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 5,719 community-dwelling older adults (≥ 60 years) from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil, 2019-2021). The outcomes were self-reported sleep problems: poor sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, primary insomnia complaints, difficulty staying asleep, and waking up at dawn. The exposure variables were questions about the perception of participants about the physical and social environment of the neighborhood. Logistic regression was used in data analysis. Garbage, rubbish, or tall grass on the streets and the desire to move were associated with higher odds of poor sleep quality. Concern about falling due to damaged sidewalks, concern about having difficulties taking transportation, and concern about having difficulties crossing the street were associated with higher odds of all sleep problems. Sound/noise of buses and cars was associated with higher odds of some sleep problems. Perceiving the neighborhood as a good place to live was associated with lower odds of daytime sleepiness and primary insomnia complaints. Trusting most people in the neighborhood and perceiving that kids and younger people treat adults with respect were associated with lower odds of daytime sleepiness, primary insomnia complaints, and waking up at dawn. Being a good place for kids to play and raise teenagers was associated with lower odds of daytime sleepiness. These results can assist public administrators in creating urban planning policies aimed at improving neighborhood environments as a means of health promotion.

Worldwide prevalence of sleep problems in community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The understanding of the prevalence of sleep problems in older adults can provide a broad and reliable perspective into the occurrence of such issues among older adults. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the worldwide prevalence of sleep problems in community-dwelling older adults. Studies that provide information on the prevalence of sleep problems in community-dwelling older adults (≥60 years) were screened between December 2022 and March 2023. A total of 20,379 studies were identified in database searches, from which 252 were included in this review. These studies covered the last 35 years (from 1988 to 2023) and pooled a sample of 995,544 participants from 36 countries. The most frequent sleep problem worldwide was obstructive sleep apnea (46.0%), followed by poor sleep quality (40.0%), other sleep problems (37.0%), insomnia (29.0%), and excessive daytime sleepiness (19.0%). No significant difference in the prevalence estimates of all sleep problems was observed between the sexes. This systematic review and meta-analysis showed a high prevalence of some sleep problems, mainly obstructive sleep apnea, poor sleep quality, and other sleep problems. Our estimates can be useful for managers and policymakers in planning healthcare strategies for sleep problems aimed at the older population.

Association between sleep problems and functional disability in community-dwelling older adults.

BACKGROUND: Sleep problems are frequently observed in older adults. They can lead to changes in the individual's physical, occupational, cognitive, and social functioning, compromising the performance of activities of daily living and contributing to the occurrence of functional disability. This study evaluated the association between sleep problems and functional disability in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with data from 10,507 Brazilian community-dwelling older adults participating in the 2013 National Health Survey. The exposure variable was self-reported sleep problems in the last two weeks. The outcome measure was functional disability assessed from self-reported questionnaires, categorized into basic activities of daily living (BADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and defined as not being able to perform or having little or a lot of difficulty in at least one of the activities investigated in the domain of interest. RESULTS: Older adults who reported sleep problems had 1.53 (95%CI: 1.34; 1.75) and 1.42 (95%CI: 1.26; 1.59) greater odds of having a disability in BADL and IADL when compared to individuals who reported having no sleep problems. CONCLUSIONS: Older adults with sleep problems were more likely to have a functional disability, both in BADL and IADL. Thus, it is important to implement strategies to screen for sleep problems in older adults in primary health care as a preventive strategy for functional disability.

Association Between Typologies of Sedentary Behavior and Muscle Strength, Gait Speed, and Balance in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Knowledge of how the different types of sedentary behaviors (SB) are associated with functional limitations can guide professionals who work with older adults on better recommendations about the amount of daily time that should be encouraged in each type of SB. The objective was to estimate the associations between two SB typologies (SB television [TV] and SB computer/internet) and the presence of handgrip strength, lower limb strength, gait speed, and balance limitations in Brazilian community-dwelling older adults. This is a cross-sectional study with 1,298 community-dwelling older adults (≥60 years). SB was assessed by self-reporting daily time spent watching TV or using computer/internet (categorized into <2, 3-4, and ≥5 hr/day). Outcomes were handgrip strength, lower limb strength, gait speed, and balance limitations considering referenced cutoff points. Older adults in SB TV ≥5 hr/day had 1.75 (95% confidence interval [CI] [1.07, 2.86]) and 1.88 (95% CI [1.02, 3.46]) times more chances of handgrip strength and gait speed limitations, respectively. On the other hand, those who spent 3-4 and ≥5 hr/day in SB computer/internet had 0.45 (95% CI [0.20, 0.99]) and 0.37 (95% CI [0.15, 0.93]) had less chances of lower limb strength and balance limitations, respectively. In conclusion, functional limitations would be associated differently depending on the type of SB in the older adults sampled.

Association between self-perception of the neighborhood environment and sleep problems in older Brazilian adults: findings from ELSI-Brazil / Associação entre autopercepção do ambiente da vizinhança e problemas de sono em idosos brasileiros: resultados do ELSI-Brasil / Asociación entre la autopercepción del entorno del vecindario y los problemas de sueño en ancianos brasileños: resultados del ELSI-Brasil

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate associations between neighborhood perception and sleep problems in older Brazilian adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 5,719 community-dwelling older adults (≥ 60 years) from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil, 2019-2021). The outcomes were self-reported sleep problems: poor sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, primary insomnia complaints, difficulty staying asleep, and waking up at dawn. The exposure variables were questions about the perception of participants about the physical and social environment of the neighborhood. Logistic regression was used in data analysis. Garbage, rubbish, or tall grass on the streets and the desire to move were associated with higher odds of poor sleep quality. Concern about falling due to damaged sidewalks, concern about having difficulties taking transportation, and concern about having difficulties crossing the street were associated with higher odds of all sleep problems. Sound/noise of buses and cars was associated with higher odds of some sleep problems. Perceiving the neighborhood as a good place to live was associated with lower odds of daytime sleepiness and primary insomnia complaints. Trusting most people in the neighborhood and perceiving that kids and younger people treat adults with respect were associated with lower odds of daytime sleepiness, primary insomnia complaints, and waking up at dawn. Being a good place for kids to play and raise teenagers was associated with lower odds of daytime sleepiness. These results can assist public administrators in creating urban planning policies aimed at improving neighborhood environments as a means of health promotion.

Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar associações entre percepções da vizinhança e problemas de sono em idosos brasileiros. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 5.719 idosos da comunidade (≥ 60 anos) do Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde dos Idosos Brasileiros (ELSI-Brasil, 2019-2021). Os desfechos foram problemas de sono autorreferidos: má qualidade do sono, sonolência diurna, queixas de insônia primária, dificuldade em manter o sono e acordar na madrugada. As variáveis de exposição foram: questões sobre a percepção dos participantes sobre o ambiente físico e social da vizinhança. Regressão logística foi utilizada na análise dos dados. Lixo, sujeira ou grama alta nas ruas e o desejo de mudar de onde mora foram associados a maiores chances de má qualidade do sono. Preocupação em cair devido a calçadas em má condição, preocupação com dificuldades para usar os meios de transporte e preocupação com dificuldades para atravessar a rua foram associadas a maiores chances de todos os problemas de sono. O som/ruído dos ônibus e carros foi associado a maiores chances de alguns problemas de sono. A percepção da vizinhança como um bom lugar para morar foi associado a menores chances de sonolência diurna e queixas de insônia primária. A confiança na maioria das pessoas da vizinhança e a percepção de que crianças e jovens tratam os adultos com respeito foram associados a menores chances de sonolência diurna, queixas de insônia primária e acordar na madrugada. Um bom lugar para as crianças brincarem e para os adolescentes crescerem foi associado a menores chances de sonolência diurna. Esses resultados podem ajudar os gestores públicos na criação de políticas de planejamento urbano voltadas a melhorias nos ambientes da vizinhança como forma de promoção da saúde.

Resumen: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar las asociaciones entre las percepcion del vecindario y los problemas de sueño en ancianos brasileños. Se realizó un estudio transversal con 5.719 ancianos de la comunidad (≥ 60 años) del Estudio Longitudinal de Salud de los Ancianos Brasileños (ELSI-Brasil, 2019-2021). Los desenlaces fueron los siguientes: problemas de sueño autoinformados: mala calidad del sueño, somnolencia diurna, quejas de insomnio primario, dificultad para permanecer dormido y despertarse durante la madrugada. Las variables de exposición fueron las siguientes: preguntas sobre la percepción de los participantes sobre el entorno físico y social del vecindario. En el análisis de datos se utilizó la regresión logística. La basura, la suciedad o el césped alto en las calles y el deseo de cambiar el lugar donde viven se asociaron con mayores probabilidades de tener una mala calidad del sueño. La preocupación por las caídas debido a aceras en mal estado, la preocupación por las dificultades para utilizar los medios de transporte y la preocupación por las dificultades para cruzar la calle se asociaron con mayores probabilidades de sufrir todos los problemas de sueño. El ruido producido por los autobuses y automóviles se asoció con una mayor probabilidad de sufrir algunos problemas de sueño. La percepción del vecindario como un buen lugar para vivir se asoció con menores probabilidades de sufrir somnolencia diurna y quejas de insomnio primario. La confianza en la mayoría de la gente del vecindario y la percepción de que los niños y jóvenes tratan a los adultos con respeto se asociaron con menores probabilidades de sufrir somnolencia diurna, quejas de insomnio primario y despertarse durante la madrugada. Un buen lugar para que los niños jugaran y para que los adolescentes crecieran se asoció con menores probabilidades de sufrir somnolencia diurna. Estos resultados pueden ayudar a los gestores públicos a crear políticas de planificación urbana dirigidas a mejorar los entornos vecinales como forma de promover la salud.

[Screen time, obesity and cardiovascular disease among elderly Brazilians: 2013 and 2019 National Health Surveys]. / Tempo de televisão, obesidade e doenças cardiovasculares em idosos brasileiros: Pesquisas Nacionais de Saúde 2013 e 2019.

The scope of this paper was to analyze the association between the time spent watching television (TV) and the presence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) obesity and obesity associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among elderly Brazilians, according to gender, comparing data from the 2013 and 2019 National Health Surveys (NHS). It involved a cross-sectional study, with data from 23,815 and 43,554 elderly people, respectively, from the 2013 and 2019 NHS. Self-reported TV screen time was categorized into: <3, 3-6, and ≥6 per day. Obesity was assessed by body mass index ≥27 kg/m² and CVD by self-reported medical diagnosis. In 2013, elderly women who watched TV ≥6 hours/day were more likely to have OCD obesity (OR=1.87; 95%CI=1.32;2.64) and obesity associated with CVD (OR=6.30; 95%CI=3.38;11.74). In 2019, elderly women who watched TV between 3-6 hours/day (OR=1.44; 95%CI=1.25;1.65) and ≥6 hours/day (OR=1.55; 95%CI=1.28;1.88) were more likely to have OCD obesity, while the incidence of obesity associated with CVD was higher for ≥6 hours/day (OR=2.13; 95%CI=1.48;3.06). In 2019, men were more likely to have obesity associated with CVD watching TV between 3-6 hours/day (OR=1.76; 95%CI=1.20;2.56) and ≥6 hours/day (OR=2.13; 95%CI=1.27;3.57). The importance of reducing screen time by the elderly is clearly evident.

Objetivou-se analisar a associação entre tempo assistindo televisão (TV) e a presença de obesidade isolada e associada às doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) de idosos brasileiros, conforme o sexo, comparando-se os dados das Pesquisas Nacionais de Saúde 2013 e 2019. Estudo transversal, com dados de 23.815 e 43.554 idosos das PNS 2013 e 2019, respectivamente. O autorrelato do tempo assistindo à TV foi categorizado em: <3, 3-6 e ≥6 horas diárias. A obesidade isolada foi avaliada pelo índice de massa corporal ≥27 kg/m² e a DCV pelo autorrelato de diagnóstico médico. Em 2013, as idosas que assistiam à TV ≥6 horas/dia apresentaram maiores chances de obesidade isolada (OR=1,87; IC95%=1,32;2,64) e associada à DCV (OR=6,30; IC95%=3,38;11,74). Em 2019, as idosas que assistiam à TV entre 3-6 horas/dia (OR=1,44; IC95%=1,25;1,65) e ≥6 horas/dia (OR=1,55; IC95%=1,28;1,88) tiveram maiores chances de obesidade isolada, já as chances de obesidade associada à DCV, foram maiores para ≥6 horas/dia (OR=2,13; IC95%=1,48;3,06). Em 2019, os homens tiveram maiores chances de obesidade associada às DCV assistindo à TV entre 3-6 horas/dia (OR=1,76; IC95%=1,20;2,56) e ≥6 horas/dia (OR=2,13; IC95%=1,27;3,57). Evidencia-se a importância em diminuir o tempo assistindo à TV dos idosos.

A nationwide study on sleep complaints and associated factors in older adults: ELSI-Brazil.

Sleep problems, such as difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, early awakening with failure to continue sleep, and altered sleep-wake cycle, are common in the general population. This cross-sectional study with 6,929 older adults (≥ 60 years) aimed to estimate the prevalence of different types of sleep problems, their associated factors, and the population-attributable fraction of associated factors among older adults. The outcome variables consisted of self-reported sleep problems: insomnia (initial, intermediate, late, and any type of insomnia), poor sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness. The independent variables were sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics and health conditions. The prevalence proportions were initial insomnia (49.1%), intermediate insomnia (49.2%), late insomnia (45.9%), any type of insomnia (58.6%), poor sleep quality (15.6%), and daytime sleepiness (38.4%). Female sex, presence of two or more chronic diseases, not eating the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables, and regular and bad/very bad self-rated health were positively associated with the sleep problems investigated. Consuming alcohol once a month or more was inversely associated with initial insomnia. Population attributable fraction estimates ranged from 3% to 19% considering two or more chronic diseases, not eating the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables, and regular and bad/very bad self-rated health. High prevalence of self-reported sleep problems was evinced in older adults. These results can be useful to guide public health services in the creation of informational, evaluative, and screening strategies for sleep problems in older Brazilian adults.

Prediction of resting energy expenditure in Italian older adults with severe obesity.

Background: In the last decade a large number of studies proposed and/or validated equations to estimate the Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) in adults and/or older adults, however, no equation currently available showed good accuracy for older adults with severe obesity. Thus, this study aimed to develop and validate new predictive equations for REE, based on data from the indirect calorimetry, in Italian older adults with severe obesity. Methods: A retrospective study was as conducted with 764 Caucasian older adults with severe obesity (age range: 60-74 years and BMI ≥ 35 kg/m/²). Four models were used to test the accuracy of anthropometry and body composition variables in multivariable prediction of REE. All models were derived by stepwise multiple regression analysis using a calibration group of 382 subjects [295 females and 87 males] and the equations were cross-validated in the remaining 382 subjects [295 females and 87 males] as validation group. The new prediction equations and the other published equations were tested using the Bland-Altman method. Prediction accuracy was defined as the percentage of subjects whose REE was predicted within ± 10% of measured REE. Results: All the equations analyzed predicted higher energy requirements for males than females, and most of them underestimated the energy requirement values of our sample. The highest accuracy values were observed in the new equations, with 62% in the anthropometric model and 63% in the body composition model. Conclusion: Although the accuracy of our equations was slightly higher in comparison with the other taken into consideration, they cannot be considered completely satisfactory for predicting REE in Italians older adults with severe obesity. When predicting equations cannot guarantee precise or acceptable values of REE, the use of indirect calorimetry (if available) should be always recommended, especially in clinical practice.

Tempo de televisão, obesidade e doenças cardiovasculares em idosos brasileiros: Pesquisas Nacionais de Saúde 2013 e 2019 / Screen time, obesity and cardiovascular disease among elderly Brazilians: 2013 and 2019 National Health Surveys

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar a associação entre tempo assistindo televisão (TV) e a presença de obesidade isolada e associada às doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) de idosos brasileiros, conforme o sexo, comparando-se os dados das Pesquisas Nacionais de Saúde 2013 e 2019. Estudo transversal, com dados de 23.815 e 43.554 idosos das PNS 2013 e 2019, respectivamente. O autorrelato do tempo assistindo à TV foi categorizado em: <3, 3-6 e ≥6 horas diárias. A obesidade isolada foi avaliada pelo índice de massa corporal ≥27 kg/m² e a DCV pelo autorrelato de diagnóstico médico. Em 2013, as idosas que assistiam à TV ≥6 horas/dia apresentaram maiores chances de obesidade isolada (OR=1,87; IC95%=1,32;2,64) e associada à DCV (OR=6,30; IC95%=3,38;11,74). Em 2019, as idosas que assistiam à TV entre 3-6 horas/dia (OR=1,44; IC95%=1,25;1,65) e ≥6 horas/dia (OR=1,55; IC95%=1,28;1,88) tiveram maiores chances de obesidade isolada, já as chances de obesidade associada à DCV, foram maiores para ≥6 horas/dia (OR=2,13; IC95%=1,48;3,06). Em 2019, os homens tiveram maiores chances de obesidade associada às DCV assistindo à TV entre 3-6 horas/dia (OR=1,76; IC95%=1,20;2,56) e ≥6 horas/dia (OR=2,13; IC95%=1,27;3,57). Evidencia-se a importância em diminuir o tempo assistindo à TV dos idosos.

Abstract The scope of this paper was to analyze the association between the time spent watching television (TV) and the presence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) obesity and obesity associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among elderly Brazilians, according to gender, comparing data from the 2013 and 2019 National Health Surveys (NHS). It involved a cross-sectional study, with data from 23,815 and 43,554 elderly people, respectively, from the 2013 and 2019 NHS. Self-reported TV screen time was categorized into: <3, 3-6, and ≥6 per day. Obesity was assessed by body mass index ≥27 kg/m² and CVD by self-reported medical diagnosis. In 2013, elderly women who watched TV ≥6 hours/day were more likely to have OCD obesity (OR=1.87; 95%CI=1.32;2.64) and obesity associated with CVD (OR=6.30; 95%CI=3.38;11.74). In 2019, elderly women who watched TV between 3-6 hours/day (OR=1.44; 95%CI=1.25;1.65) and ≥6 hours/day (OR=1.55; 95%CI=1.28;1.88) were more likely to have OCD obesity, while the incidence of obesity associated with CVD was higher for ≥6 hours/day (OR=2.13; 95%CI=1.48;3.06). In 2019, men were more likely to have obesity associated with CVD watching TV between 3-6 hours/day (OR=1.76; 95%CI=1.20;2.56) and ≥6 hours/day (OR=2.13; 95%CI=1.27;3.57). The importance of reducing screen time by the elderly is clearly evident.

Self-perception of the neighborhood environment, cognitive impairment and functional limitations in community-dwelling older adults: A cross-sectional study.

AIMS: It is important to identify the association between characteristics of the neighborhood environment, cognitive impairment and functional limitations to organize early and effective intervention strategies. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 308 community-dwelling older adults was conducted. Logistic Regression analyses were performed to verify the associations between self-perceived characteristics of the neighborhood environment (Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale), cognitive impairment (Mini-Mental State Examination) and functional limitations (mobility, lower limb muscle strength and balance). RESULTS: Significant negative associations were observed: (1) better infrastructure, traffic and safety and mobility limitation; (2) better infrastructure and muscle weakness; (3) better safety and balance limitation; and (4) better streets/sidewalks and cognitive impairment. On the other hand, positive associations were observed between poor safety with mobility limitation and muscle weakness. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings contribute to greater knowledge about neighborhood characteristics regarding mental and physical health in community-dwelling older adults.

Inflammatory biomarkers at different stages of Sarcopenia in older women.

In recent years, studies have found that Sarcopenia alters inflammatory biomarkers. However, the behavior of inflammatory biomarkers at different stages of Sarcopenia is not well understood. This study aimed to compare a broad panel of inflammatory biomarkers in older women at different stages of Sarcopenia. The study included 71 Brazilian community-dwelling older women. Muscle Strength was assessed by using handgrip strength (Jamar dynamometer). The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) was performed to assess the physical performance, and body composition was assessed by DEXA. Sarcopenia was diagnosed and classified according to the EWGSOP2 criteria. Blood was drawn, and inflammatory biomarkers associated with Sarcopenia (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, BDNF, sTNFr-1 and sTNFr-2) was analysed. After diagnosis and classification of sarcopenia, 45% of women did not present Sarcopenia (NS, N = 32), 23.9% were diagnosed with Sarcopenia Probable (SP, N = 17), 19,7% with Sarcopenia Confirmed (SC, N = 14), and 11.3% with Severe Sarcopenia (SS, N = 8). The analysis of inflammatory biomarkers revealed that the more advanced the stage of Sarcopenia, the higher the levels of BDNF, IL-8, sTNFr-1, and sTNFr-2. The assessment of BDNF, IL-8, sTNFr-1, and sTNFr-2 levels may be an adjuvant tool in diagnosis and severity classification of Sarcopenia in older Brazilian women.

Association between sleep problems and multimorbidity patterns in older adults.

BACKGROUND: Sleep problems are frequent in older adults and are associated with chronic diseases. However, the association with multimorbidity patterns is still unknown. Considering the negative impacts that multimorbidity patterns can have on older adults' life, knowledge of this association can help in the screening and early identification of older adults with sleep problems. The objective was to verify the association between sleep problems and multimorbidity patterns in older Brazilian adults. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted with data from 22,728 community-dwelling older adults from the 2019 National Health Survey. The exposure variable was self-reported sleep problems (yes/no). The study outcomes were: multimorbidity patterns, analyzed by self-report of the coexistence of two or more chronic diseases with similar clinical characteristics: (1) cardiopulmonary; (2) vascular-metabolic; (3) musculoskeletal; (4) coexisting patterns. RESULTS: Older adults with sleep problems had 1.34 (95%CI: 1.21; 1.48), 1.62 (95%CI: 1.15; 2.28), 1.64 (95%CI: 1.39; 1.93), and 1.88 (95%CI: 1.52; 2.33) greater odds of presenting vascular-metabolic, cardiopulmonary, musculoskeletal, and coexisting patterns, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that public health programs aimed at preventing sleep problems in older adults are essential to reduce possible adverse health outcomes, including multimorbidity patterns and their negative consequences for older adults' health.

Prevalence of sarcopenia in older women and level of agreement between the diagnostic instruments proposed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2).

BACKGROUND: The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) proposed the use of different diagnostic tools to assess sarcopenia. This study aimed to determine prevalence rates of sarcopenia according to the diagnostic instruments proposed by EWGSOP2 and to assess their level of agreement in older Brazilian women. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 161 community-dwelling older Brazilian women. Probable sarcopenia was assessed through Handgrip Strength (HGS) and the 5-times sit-to-stand test (5XSST). In addition to reduced strength, Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass (ASM) (obtained by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and ASM/height² were considered for diagnosis confirmation. Sarcopenia severity was determined by reduced muscle strength and mass and poor functional performance assessed by Gait Speed (GS), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and Timed Up and Go test (TUG). McNemar's test and Cochran's Q-test were used to compare sarcopenia prevalence. Cohen's Kappa and Fleiss's Kappa tests were used to assess the level of agreement. RESULTS: The prevalence of probable sarcopenia was significantly different (p < 0.05) when using HGS (12.8%) and 5XSST (40.6%). Regarding confirmed sarcopenia, the prevalence was lower when using ASM/height² than with ASM. Regarding severity, the use of SPPB resulted in a higher prevalence in relation to GS and TUG. CONCLUSION: There were differences in the prevalence rates of sarcopenia and low agreement between the diagnostic instruments proposed by the EWGSOP2. The findings suggest that these issues must be considered in the discussion on the concept and assessment of sarcopenia, which could ultimately help to better identify patients with this disease in different populations.

Are history of falls and fear of falling associated with mobility in community-dwelling older adults?

Evidence has suggested that a history of falls and fear of falling (FOF) are associated with reduced mobility among older adults. Although many studies have explored the association between the history of falls and FOF in the context of decreased mobility, most have had small sample sizes, limiting the generalizability of the results. Therefore, this study sought to contribute to the body of knowledge around these constructs to further support the previous findings. To investigate the association between a history of falls and FOF with low mobility in community-dwelling older adults. This cross-sectional study included 308 older adults (69.9 ± 7.1 years, 57.8% female). The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test was used to classify mobility limitations in participants and the Falls Efficacy Scale-International - Brazil was used to quantify FOF. Participants were also asked if they had fallen in the previous 12 months. Multivariable logistic regression was used. The prevalence rates of a history of falls and FOF were 32.7 and 48.4%, respectively. Older adults with a history of falls and FOF had 2.20 (95%CI: 1.20; 4.02) and 3.80 (95%CI: 1.90; 7.58) greater odds of presenting low mobility than older adults without these health problems, respectively. History of falls and FOF are associated with higher odds of low mobility in community-dwelling older adults. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance to introduce public health programs aimed at preventing falls in older adults to reduce possible adverse health outcomes, including low mobility.

A nationwide study on pain manifestations and sleep problems in community-dwelling older adults: findings from ELSI-Brazil.

PURPOSE: Sleep problems are common and affect approximately 36-70% of older adults worldwide and can be associated with negative outcomes such as pain. There is believed to be a bidirectional relationship between sleep problems and pain, modulated by inflammation and stress. The objective was to investigate the association between self-reported sleep problems and pain manifestations. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using data from the second wave of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (2019-2021) was conducted. The exposure variables were self-reported sleep problems: poor sleep quality, insomnia (initial, intermediate, and final), and daytime sleepiness. The outcomes were self-reported pain manifestations: frequent pain, moderate/intense/strong pain, and pain-related disability. Logistic regressions were performed to verify the association between exposures and outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 6875 community-dwelling older adults participated in this study (71.1 ± 8.3 years; 54.4% female). Older adults with self-reported poor sleep quality, initial, intermediate and final insomnia, and daytime sleepiness had, respectively, 1.99 (95% CI 1.57-2.53), 1.47 (95% CI 1.11-1.97), 1.65 (95% CI 1.27-2.14), 1.69 (95% CI 1.29-2.22), and 1.76 (95% CI 1.35-2.29) greater odds of reporting frequent pain. The odds of moderate/intense/strong pain were higher in older adults that reported poor sleep quality (OR: 2.21; 95% CI 1.08-4.51). Older adults with self-reported poor sleep quality, initial, intermediate and final insomnia, and daytime sleepiness had, respectively, 1.84 (95% CI 1.11-3.02), 1.73 (95% CI 1.14-2.62), 1.80 (95% CI 1.19-2.73), 1.58 (95% CI 1.07-2.34), and 1.63 (95% CI 1.11-2.39) greater odds of reporting pain-related disability. CONCLUSION: Self-reported sleep problems are associated with pain manifestations in older adults. The results may help in the proposition of programs and public health policies.

Is waist circumference associated with fear of falling in community-dwelling older adults? A cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Fear of falling (FOF) is a prevalent condition among older adults and several variables have been pointed out as risk factors. OBJECTIVES: To identify the cut-off point on waist circumference (WC), capable of discriminating between older adults with and without FOF, and to test the association between WC and FOF. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out with older adults of both sexes from Balneário Arroio do Silva, Brazil. We used Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves to determine the cut-off point on WC and logistic regression adjusted for potential confounding variables to test the association. RESULTS: Older women with WC >93.5 cm [area under the curve: 0.61 (95%CI 0.53; 0.68)] had 3.30 (95%CI 1.53; 7.14) greater chances of having FOF compared with older women with WC ≤93.5 cm. WC was not able to discriminate FOF in older men. CONCLUSION: WC values >93.5 cm are associated with higher chances of FOF in older women.

How much time of sedentary behavior is associated with depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults in southern Brazil?

AIMS: Identify sedentary behavior (SB) cut-off points to screen for depressive symptoms in older adults and verify the association between these conditions. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 308 community-dwelling older adults was conducted. The outcome was the presence of depressive symptoms (≥6 points on the Geriatric Depression Scale-15). The exposure was SB using the self-reported time on a weekday and weekend (International Physical Activity Questionnaire). The cut-off points for SB categorization were determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve and multivariate logistic regression to verify the association. RESULTS: Older adults who spent ≥4.5 hours/day in SB (sensitivity = 48.8%; specificity = 67.8%) were 1.81 times more likely (95%CI: 1.03;3.15) to have depressive symptoms compared to those who stayed for shorter periods. CONCLUSIONS: There was an association between SB and depressive symptoms; therefore, older adults must have SB <4.5 hours/day to reduce the chances of developing depressive symptoms.

Associação entre declínio cognitivo, sintomas depressivos e do medo de cair com a velocidade da marcha confortável em idosos comunitários / Association between cognitive decline, depressive symptoms and the fear of falling with the speed gait in community-dwelling older adults

Diminuições na velocidade da marcha (VM) estão associadas a desfechos adversos na saúde física e mental em idosos. Assim, torna-se relevante identificar fatores que podem associar-se com a VM confortável em idosos, de forma a propor estratégias para prevenção de alterações na mobilidade. Objetivo: verificar a associação entre declínio cognitivo, sintomas depressivos e do medo de cair com a VM confortável em idosos comunitários. Métodos: tratou-se de um estudo transversal, com amostra probabilística, incluindo 308 idosos comunitários. O desfecho do estudo foi a VM confortável, sendo considerado como baixo desempenho VM < 0,8m/s. As variáveis preditoras foram 1) declínio cognitivo avaliado pelo Mini Exame do Estado Mental, 2) sintomas depressivos avaliados com a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica Abreviada e 3) medo de cair avaliado pela Falls Efficacy Scale ­ Brasil. Para analisar a associação entre as variáveis foi utilizada a Regressão Logística Multivariada. Resultados: idosos tiveram chances significativamente maiores de apresentar baixo desempenho na VM confortável quando apresentaram declínio cognitivo (OR: 4,67; IC95%: 1,68; 12,94), sintomas depressivos (OR: 2,90; IC95%: 1,42; 5,92) e medo de cair (OR: 4,08; IC95%: 1,72; 9,71) quando comparados aos que não tiveram essas condições. Conclusão: o declínio cognitivo, sintomas depressivos e medo de cair foram associados ao baixo desempenho na VM confortável nos idosos amostrados. Esses achados podem servir para identificação precoce dos fatores que estão associados a alterações na VM confortável, contribuindo para a proposição de estratégias públicas em saúde e no direcionamento de atividades de promoção em saúde para idosos comunitários.(AU)

Decreases in gait speed (GS) are associated with adverse outcomes in the physical and mental health of the elderly. Thus, it is relevant to identify factors that can be associated with comfortable GS in community-dwelling older adults, to propose strategies to prevent changes in mobility. Objective: To verify the association between cognitive decline, depressive symptoms, and fear of falling with comfortable GS in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a probabilistic sample, including 308 community-dwelling older adults. The study outcome was comfortable GS, being considered as low-performance MV < 0.8m/s. Predictive variables were 1) cognitive decline assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination, 2) depressive symptoms assessed by the Abbreviated Geriatric Depression Scale, and 3) fear of falling assessed by the Falls Efficacy Scale - Brasil. Multivariate Logistic Regression was used to verify the association between the variables. Results: Community-dwelling older adults were significantly more likely to have poor performance in comfortable GS when they presented cognitive decline (OR: 4.67; 95%CI: 1.68; 12.94), depressive symptoms (OR: 2.90; 95%CI: 1 .42; 5.92), and fear of falling (OR: 4.08; 95%CI: 1.72; 9.71) when compared to those who did not have these conditions. Conclusion: Cognitive decline, depressive symptoms, and fear of falling were associated with poor performance in comfortable GS in the community-dwelling older adults sampled. These findings can serve for early identification of factors that are associated with changes in comfortable GS, contributing to the proposition of public health strategies and in directing health promotion activities for community-dwelling older adults.(AU)