Unlocking the Potential of Insect-Based Proteins: Sustainable Solutions for Global Food Security and Nutrition.

The present review highlights the potential of insect-based proteins to address the growing need for sustainable and secure food systems. The key findings suggest that edible insects offer a viable and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional livestock, requiring significantly less land, water, and feed while emitting lower levels of greenhouse gases. Insect farming can also reduce waste and recycle nutrients, supporting circular economy models. Nutritionally, insects provide high-quality protein, essential amino acids, and beneficial fats, making them valuable to human diets. Despite these benefits, this review emphasizes the need for comprehensive regulatory frameworks to ensure food safety, manage potential allergenicity, and mitigate contamination risks from pathogens and environmental toxins. Additionally, developing innovative processing technologies can enhance the palatability and marketability of insect-based products, promoting consumer acceptance. This review concludes that with appropriate regulatory support and technological advancements, insect-based proteins have the potential to significantly contribute to global food security and sustainability efforts.

The toxicity of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles induced on the testicular cells: In vitro study.

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have gained significant attention in biomedical research due to their potential applications. However, little is known about their impact and toxicity on testicular cells. To address this issue, we conducted an in vitro study using primary mouse testicular cells, testis fragments, and sperm to investigate the cytotoxic effects of sodium citrate-coated SPIONs (Cit_SPIONs). Herein, we synthesized and physiochemically characterized the Cit_SPIONs and observed that the sodium citrate diminished the size and improved the stability of nanoparticles in solution during the experimental time. The sodium citrate (measured by thermogravimetry) was biocompatible with testicular cells at the used concentration (3%). Despite these favorable physicochemical properties, the in vitro experiments demonstrated the cytotoxicity of Cit_SPIONs, particularly towards testicular somatic cells and sperm cells. Transmission electron microscopy analysis confirmed that Leydig cells preferentially internalized Cit_SPIONs in the organotypic culture system, which resulted in alterations in their cytoplasmic size. Additionally, we found that Cit_SPIONs exposure had detrimental effects on various parameters of sperm cells, including motility, viability, DNA integrity, mitochondrial activity, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and ROS production. Our findings suggest that testicular somatic cells and sperm cells are highly sensitive and vulnerable to Cit_SPIONs and induced oxidative stress. This study emphasizes the potential toxicity of SPIONs, indicating significant threats to the male reproductive system. Our findings highlight the need for detailed development of iron oxide nanoparticles to enhance reproductive nanosafety.

Realização periódica do Papanicolau: uma contribuição de empoderamento através de oficina / Periodic realization of Papanicolaou: a contribution to the empowerment of women / Realización periódica de Papanicolaou: una contribución al empoderamiento de la mujer

Objetivo: desenvolver uma oficina como forma de contribuição ao empoderamento de mulheres para a realização periódica do Papanicolau. Método: qualitativo, exploratório e descritivo, tipo pesquisa participante, em uma unidade de saúde, com mulheres entre 25 a 59 anos, através de entrevista semiestruturada coletiva, durante uma oficina ocorrida em fevereiro de 2023, analisada por meio da Análise Temática de Conteúdo. Resultados: a oficina mostrou-se como um dispositivo que potencializa o empoderamento feminino, interferindo no processo saúde-doença. Desvelou-se ainda como ferramenta de dialogicidade e escuta ativa, na compreensão dos determinantes que se configuram como empecilhos na realização periódica do Papanicolau. Considerações finais: como forma de romper barreiras, ao tratar-se da periodicidade do Papanicolau, a oficina é uma ferramenta eficiente e incentivadora de promoção à participação ativa, à autonomia, à autoestima e ao empoderamento social por meio do processo educativo

Objective: develop a workshop as a way of contributing to the empowerment of women to carry out regular Pap smears. Method: qualitative, exploratory and descriptive, participant research type, in a health unit, with women between 25 and 59 years old, through collective semi-structured interviews, during a workshop, analyzed through Thematic Content Analysis. Results: the workshop proved to be a device that enhances female empowerment, interfering in the health-disease process. It also revealed itself as a tool for dialogue and active listening, in understanding the determinants that constitute obstacles in the periodic performance of the Pap smear. Final considerations: as a way of breaking down barriers, when it comes to the frequency of the Pap smear, the workshop is an efficient and encouraging tool to promote active participation, autonomy, self- esteem and social empowerment through the educational process

Objetivos: desarrollar un taller como forma de contribuir al empoderamiento de las mujeres para la realización periódica de Papanicolaou. Método: investigación cualitativa, exploratoria y descriptiva, tipo participante, en una unidad de salud, con mujeres entre 25 y 59 años, a través de entrevistas colectivas semiestructuradas, durante un taller, analizadas mediante Análisis de Contenido Temático. Resultados: el taller resultó ser un dispositivo que potencia el empoderamiento femenino, interfiriendo en el proceso salud-enfermedad. También se reveló como una herramienta de diálogo y escucha activa, en la comprensión de los determinantes que constituyen obstáculos en la realización periódica del Papanicolaou. Consideraciones finales: como una forma de romper barreras en cuanto a la frecuencia de la prueba de Papanicolaou, el taller es una herramienta eficiente y alentadora para promover la participación activa, la autonomía, la autoestima y el empoderamiento social a través del proceso educativo

Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep quality, psychosocial aspects, and physical activity levels in patients with chronic pain in Brazil: COVIDor cross-sectional study / Influência da pandemia de COVID-19 na qualidade do sono, em aspectos psicoemocionais e no nível de atividade física de pacientes com dor crônica no Brasil: estudo observacional COVIDor

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The social distancing of COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated symptoms of chronic pain patients. Furthermore, it is necessary to consider the sociocultural context of coping with the pandemic in different countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate pain, psychoemotional symptoms, sleep quality, and level of physical activity in chronic pain patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. METHODS: Individuals with fibromyalgia, migraine and chronic low back pain were included. The survey was performed through a questionnaire elaborated by researchers on the Forms application, from Google Drive, in the period between October 2020 and March 2021, with straight and clear questions about pain, psychoemotional aspects, sleep quality, and level of physical activity. Binary or multinominal logistic regression analysis was performed to identify possible predictors. RESULTS: 973 people were evaluated, 63.5% had fibromyalgia, and 98.3% were female. Anxiety increased the odds ratio in 395% of chronic pain patients to feel pain (ß: 1.375; OR: 3.956; p=0.001) and a greater intensity of pain increases in 62.3% the chance of these individuals not performing physical activity (ß: -0.474; OR: 0.623; p=0.001). Pain intensity increased the odds ratio of having insomnia by 186.9% (ß: 0.625; OR: 1.869; p=0.001) and the chance of taking sleep drugs by 160.4% (ß: 0.472; OR: 1.604; p=0.001). CONCLUSION: The social isolation of COVID-19 pandemic maximized the vicious cycle between painful symptoms, anxiety, and sleep disorders in chronic pain patients in Brazil. The intensification of these factors is associated with the reduction of physical activity levels.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A pandemia de COVID-19 exacerbou os sintomas de pacientes com dor crônica. Porém, é necessário considerar o contexto sociocultural de enfrentamento da pandemia nos diferentes países. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a dor, os sintomas psicoemocionais, a qualidade do sono e o nível de atividade física em pacientes com dor crônica durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos indivíduos com fibromialgia, enxaqueca e dor lombar. O levantamento foi realizado por meio de questionário elaborado pelos pesquisadores no aplicativo Forms, do Google Drive, entre outubro de 2020 e março de 2021, com perguntas diretas e claras sobre dor, aspectos psicoemocionais, qualidade do sono e nível de atividade física. Análise de regressão logística binária ou multinominal foi realizada para identificar possíveis preditores. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliadas 973 pessoas, 63,5% apresentavam fibromialgia, sendo 98,3% do sexo feminino. A ansiedade aumentou a razão de chances em 395% dos pacientes com dor crônica sentirem dor (ß: 1,375; OR: 3,956; p= 0,001) e a dor aumentou em 62,3% a chance desses indivíduos não realizarem atividade física (ß: -0,474; OR: 0,623; p=0,001). A intensidade da dor aumentou a razão de chances de ter insônia em 186,9% (ß: 0,625; OR: 1,869; p= 0,001) e a chance de tomar fármacos para dormir em 160,4% (ß: 0,472; OR: 1,604; p=0,001). CONCLUSÃO: O isolamento social da pandemia de COVID-19 maximizou o ciclo vicioso entre sintomas dolorosos, ansiedade e distúrbios do sono em pacientes com dor crônica no Brasil. A intensificação desses fatores está associada à redução de atividade física.

Impact of Psychological Distress on Physiological Indicators of Healing Prognosis in Patients with Chronic Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Longitudinal Study.

Objective: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are devastating complications of diabetes, responsible for a high number of amputations worldwide. Due to its impact on chronic inflammation, psychological distress may negatively impact the healing process. Thus, this study evaluated the influence of psychological distress on physiological indicators of healing prognosis and the potential of stress-reducing therapies for DFU healing. Approach: Patients with chronic DFU were recruited and assessed at enrollment and 2 months later. According to psychological scores at enrollment, participants were allocated into groups without (group 1) or with (group 3) psychological distress. Participants who reported clinical distress were then randomly allocated into a control (no stress-reducing intervention-group 4) or experimental (with stress-reducing interventions-group 5) group. Subsequently, indicators of healing prognosis were measured. Results: Groups 1 and 3 presented no differences in the Perfusion, Extent, Depth, Infection and Sensation score, glycated hemoglobin, or inflammatory and angiogenic markers. However, the immune cell ratio was increased by more than twofold in group 3, compared with group 1. Importantly, the expression of circulating microRNAs was significantly increased in group 3 (miR-21-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-146a-5p, and miR-221-3p [p < 0.05]), compared with group 1. Two months later, group 5 displayed a significant improvement in the Perceived Stress Scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores (p < 0.01), and the immune cell ratio was decreased by more than 2.5-fold. Innovation: This study helped to identify which variables and psychological interventions are more successful in promoting DFU healing. Conclusion: Psychological distress influenced clinical and physiological parameters, leading to compromised DFU healing and consequently underlining the potential of adjuvant stress-reducing approaches.

Telehealth in oral medicine: A cross-sectional evaluation based on a mobile application.

BACKGROUND: Teledentistry is considered a good tool in the diagnostic process. In oral medicine, there is a low number of trained professionals and dentists have difficulty in diagnosing and treating oral lesions. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to perform a cross-sectional evaluation based on the mobile application for oral diagnosis using a mobile application in a Brazilian State. METHODS: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study of the data of the "Telehealth in Stomatology in Paraíba" carried out between May 2021 and November 2022. RESULTS: The app has a team of 16 consultants (Ph.D. professors, postgraduate students, residents, and dentists). In addition, there are 289 registered professionals, with a mean age of 33.7 years, predominantly female (70.2%), working in primary care (79.2%), and general practitioners (42.6%). Regarding the cases, the app has 194 cases, and reactive lesions are the most suggested hypotheses reported by dentists (24.5%) and consultants (22.3%). We had an overall concordance rate of 64.1%. CONCLUSION: The application is easily accessible and has an assistance network that helps with early diagnosis. In addition, it has good coverage with users in more than 50% of the cities in the state. Thus, applications that provide specialized care to distant areas are important for better public health.

Gait Training with Functional Electrical Stimulation Improves Mobility in People Post-Stroke.

(1) Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability. To identify the best treatment strategies for people with stroke (PwS), the aim of the current study was to compare the effects of training on a treadmill with functional electrical stimulation (TT-FES) with training on a treadmill (TT), and to analyze the effects of sequence of training on mobility and the parameters of walking ability. (2) Methods: Prospective, longitudinal, randomized and crossover study, in which 28 PwS were distributed into groups, namely the A-B Group (TT-FES followed by TT) and B-A Group (TT followed by TT-FES), using the foot drop stimulator, and were measured with functional tests. (3) Results: We found improved mobility, balance, non-paretic limb coordination, and endurance only in the group that started with TT-FES. However, sensorimotor function improved regardless of the order of training, and paretic limb coordination only improved in the B-A Group, but after TT-FES. These data indicate that the order of the protocols changed the results. (4) Conclusions: Although biomechanical evaluation methods were not used, which can be considered a limitation, our results showed that TT-FES was superior to isolated training on a treadmill with regard to balance, endurance capacity, and coordination of the non-paretic limb.

High prevalence of mental disorder symptoms among medical and other health specialties residents during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic put healthcare professionals, including residents (postgraduate trainees of health professions), under intense physical and psychological stress, hence at risk for mental disorders. We evaluated the prevalence of mental disorders among healthcare residents during the pandemic. METHODS: From July to September 2020, residents in medicine and other healthcare specialties in Brazil were recruited. The participants completed electronic forms with validated questionnaires (DASS-21, PHQ-9, BRCS) to screen for depression, anxiety, and stress, and to evaluate resilience. Data on potential predisposing factors for mental disorders were also collected. Descriptive statistics, chi-squared, students t, correlation and logistic regression models were applied. The study received ethical approval, and all participants provided informed consent. RESULTS: We included 1313 participants (51.3% medical; 48.7% nonmedical) from 135 Brazilian hospitals; mean (SD) age: 27.8 (4.4) years; 78.2% females; 59.3% white race. Of all participants, 51.3%, 53.4% and 52.6% presented symptoms consistent with depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively; 61.9% showed low resilience. Nonmedical residents exhibited higher anxiety compared to medical residents (DASS-21 anxiety score, mean difference: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.15-3.37; p < 0.001). In multivariate analyses, having any pre-existent, nonpsychiatric chronic disease was associated with higher prevalence of symptoms indicative of depression (odds ratio, OR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.47-2.85, on DASS-21 | OR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.59-3.20, on PHQ-9), anxiety (OR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.51-2.83, on DASS-21), and stress (OR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.12-2.09, on DASS-21); other predisposing factors were identified; by contrast, high resilience (BRCS score) was protective against symptoms of depression (OR 0.82; 95% CI: 0.79-0.85, on DASS-21 | OR 0.85; 95% CI: 0.82-0.88, on PHQ-9), anxiety (OR 0.90; 95% CI: 0.87-0.93, on DASS-21), and stress (OR 0.88; 95% CI: 0.85-0.91, on DASS-21); p < 0.05 for all outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: We found a high prevalence of mental disorder symptoms among healthcare residents during COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Nonmedical residents exhibited higher levels of anxiety than medical ones. Some predisposing factors for depression, anxiety and stress among residents were identified.

Educação em saúde na formação acadêmica em enfermagem / Health education in academic nursing training / Educación de salud en la institución académica de enfermería

Com o objetivo de conhecer os limites e potencialidades da formação acadêmica em enfermagem para as atividades de educação em saúde, foi possível desenvolver um estudo exploratório-descritivo de abordagem qualitativa envolvendo 15 participantes. A coleta de dados ocorreu nos meses de maio e junho de 2022 e o processamento dos dados foi feito pelo software Iramuteq. Os resultados apontaram para a dialética envolvendo as potencialidades e limitações. Como potencialidade foi apontado que a disciplina de Educação em Saúde pode ser vista como uma temática transversal que pode ser trabalhada na prática. No que concerne às limitações, as falas elucidaram poucas oportunidades para atividades práticas, além da disciplina se distanciar da realidade. Como considerações finais, foi possível entender que existem abordagens pedagógicas tradicionais no contexto acadêmico em enfermagem desencadeando discussões para uma formação que estimule o aluno a refletir a realidade social que o cerca e aprenda a aprender constantemente.

Aiming to know the limits and the potential of academic nursing training for health education activities, an exploratory-descriptive study with a qualitative approach was developed with 15 participants. Data collection took place in May and June, 2022, and data processing was carried out using the software Iramuteq. The results pointed to the dialectics involving potentialities and limitations. A potentiality was the fact that health education can be seen as a cross-cutting theme that can be worked in practice. Regarding limitations, the speeches pointed to few opportunities for practical activities and to the distance of the subject from reality. As final considerations, it could be understood that there are traditional pedagogical approaches in the academic context of nursing, leading to discussions focused on training that encourages students to reflect on the social reality surrounding them and to learn how to learn continuously.

Con el objetivo de conocer los límites y potencialidades de la formación académica de enfermeros para actividades de educación en salud, fue posible desarrollar un estudio exploratorio-descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo involucrando a 15 participantes. La recolección de datos se realizó en los meses de mayo y junio de 2022 y el procesamiento de datos se realizó mediante el software Iramuteq. Los resultados señalaron a la dialéctica entre fortalezas y limitaciones. Como potencialidad, se apuntó que la asignatura de la educación en salud se ve como un tema transversal que puede ser trabajado en la práctica. En cuanto a las limitaciones, los discursos dilucidaron pocas oportunidades para actividades prácticas, además del hecho de que la asignatura se distancia de la realidad. Como consideraciones finales, fue posible comprender que existen enfoques pedagógicos tradicionales en el contexto académico de enfermería, desencadenando discusiones para una formación que anime a los estudiantes a reflexionar sobre la realidad social que los rodea y aprender a aprender constantemente.

"Não sei porque você se foi, quantas saudades eu senti": vivências de mulheres em luto perinatal / "I don't know why you left, how much I missed you": experiences of women in perinatal mourning

Introdução: O luto perante a morte perinatal é específico e diferente de uma perda real, uma vez que a mãe nunca conheceu o objeto do seu luto e a morte repentina do bebê representa também a perda de uma identidade maternal. É neste momento, após o conhecimento de que algo que não aconteceu, que as expectativas e os desejos de gerarem uma vida ficam proibidos, e o sofrimento e a reação à perda tomam repercussões. Objetivo: Investigar as vivências de mães em luto perinatal. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa, realizada com mulheres em luto perinatal acompanhadas pela equipe multiprofissional de uma maternidade pública da Paraíba, com idade maior ou igual a 18 anos. Utilizou-se a saturação dos dados para o fechamento amostral. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizada a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: Participaram das entrevistas 18 mulheres em luto perinatal. A partir dos discursos das mulheres enlutadas foi possível elaborar duas categorias temáticas: categoria temática 1 ­ processo de enlutamento; e categoria temática 2 ­ processo de cuidar à parturiente. Discussão: De forma geral, observou-se que a maioria das mulheres elaborou a perda de seus bebês, atravessou o trabalho de luto, experimentando sentimentos de choque, negação, culpa, ambivalência, e, com isso, ressignificando suas dores, contudo, outras mulheres não conseguiram elaborar a perda do bebê morto. No que se refere ao processo de cuidar, observou-se, de forma geral, uma lacuna na assistência humanizada às mulheres, sobretudo no período intraparto e puerperal. Conclusão: Consideram-se urgente a elaboração e a implantação de uma política pública voltada para o luto perinatal, desde o puerpério imediato até o seu retorno domiciliar, a fim de assistir às mulheres no período puerperal, considerado o mais difícil no processo de enlutamento.

Introduction: Mourning perinatal death is specific and different from a real loss, since the mother never knew the object of her grief and the sudden death of the baby also represents the loss of a maternal identity. It is at this moment, after knowing that something did not happen, that the expectations and desires to generate a life are prohibited, and the suffering and the reaction to the loss take on repercussions. Objective: To investigate the experiences of mothers in perinatal mourning. Method: This is an exploratory research, with a qualitative approach, carried out with women in perinatal mourning accompanied by the multidisciplinary team of a public maternity hospital in Paraíba, aged 18 years or more. Data saturation was used for sample closing. Bardin's Content Analysis technique was used for data analysis. Results: 18 women in perinatal mourning participated in the interviews. From the speeches of the bereaved women, it was possible to elaborate two thematic categories: thematic category 1 ­ process of mourning; and thematic category 2 ­ process of caring for the parturient woman. Discussion: In general, it was observed that most women elaborated the loss of their babies, went through the work of mourning, experiencing feelings of shock, denial, guilt, ambivalence, and, with that, resignifying their pain, however, other women were unable to work through the loss of the dead baby. With regard to the care process, there was, in general, a gap in humanized care for women, especially in the intrapartum and puerperal period. Conclusion: It is considered urgent to elaborate and implement a public policy aimed at perinatal mourning, from the immediate puerperium to your return home, in order to assist women in the puerperal period, considered the most difficult in the grieving process.

Biofuels and Nanocatalysts: Python Boosting Visualization of Similarities.

Among the most relevant themes of modernity, using renewable resources to produce biofuels attracts several countries' attention, constituting a vital part of the global geopolitical chessboard since humanity's energy needs will grow faster and faster. Fortunately, advances in personal computing associated with free and open-source software production facilitate this work of prospecting and understanding complex scenarios. Thus, for the development of this work, the keywords "biofuel" and "nanocatalyst" were delivered to the Scopus database, which returned 1071 scientific articles. The titles and abstracts of these papers were saved in Research Information Systems (RIS) format and submitted to automatic analysis via the Visualization of Similarities Method implemented in VOSviewer 1.6.18 software. Then, the data extracted from the VOSviewer were processed by software written in Python, which allowed the use of the network data generated by the Visualization of Similarities Method. Thus, it was possible to establish the relationships for the pair between the nodes of all clusters classified by Link Strength Between Items or Terms (LSBI) or by year. Indeed, other associations should arouse particular interest in the readers. However, here, the option was for a numerical criterion. However, all data are freely available, and stakeholders can infer other specific connections directly. Therefore, this innovative approach allowed inferring that the most recent pairs of terms associate the need to produce biofuels from microorganisms' oils besides cerium oxide nanoparticles to improve the performance of fuel mixtures by reducing the emission of hydrocarbons (HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx).

Bilateral Transfer of Performance between Real and Non-Immersive Virtual Environments in Post-Stroke Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study.

(1) Background: Post-stroke presents motor function deficits, and one interesting possibility for practicing skills is the concept of bilateral transfer. Additionally, there is evidence that the use of virtual reality is beneficial in improving upper limb function. We aimed to evaluate the transfer of motor performance of post-stroke and control groups in two different environments (real and virtual), as well as bilateral transfer, by changing the practice between paretic and non-paretic upper limbs. (2) Methods: We used a coincident timing task with a virtual (Kinect) or a real device (touch screen) in post-stroke and control groups; both groups practiced with bilateral transference. (3) Results: Were included 136 participants, 82 post-stroke and 54 controls. The control group presented better performance during most parts of the protocol; however, it was more evident when compared with the post-stroke paretic upper limb. We found bilateral transference mainly in Practice 2, with the paretic upper limb using the real interface method (touch screen), but only after Practice 1 with the virtual interface (Kinect), using the non-paretic upper limb. (4) Conclusions: The task with the greatest motor and cognitive demand (virtual-Kinect) provided transfer into the real interface, and bilateral transfer was observed in individuals post-stroke. However, this is more strongly observed when the virtual task was performed using the non-paretic upper limb first.

Medicamentos homeopáticos mais comercializados na pandemia de COVID-19 no município de João Pessoa/Paraíba / best-selling homeopathic medicines during the COVID-19 pandemic in the municipality of João Pessoa/Paraíba

No dia 31 de dezembro de 2019, a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) recebeu a primeira comunicação sobre um surto de pneumonia ocorrido na cidade de Wuhan, onde o agente causador foi determinado como um novo coronavírus. No Brasil, o primeiro caso foi registrado em 26 de fevereiro de 2020 e após 21 dias foi anunciado pela Secretaria de Estado da Saúde da Paraíba o primeiro caso de COVID-19 nesse estado. Uma das opções utilizadas pela população para a chamada prevenção contra a COVID-19 foi o uso de medicamentos homeopáticos. Esta pesquisa objetivou identificar os medicamentos homeopáticos mais vendidos em farmácias homeopáticas do município de João Pessoa no período de janeiro a setembro de 2020. Para coleta dos dados foi realizada uma entrevista com os proprietários das farmácias homeopáticas que responderam a um questionário previamente elaborado. O estudo evidenciou um aumento expressivo na venda de medicamentos homeopáticos a partir do mês de março de 2020 nas farmácias pesquisadas. Os medicamentos mais comercializados por ordem de frequência foram: Camphora, Arsenicum album, Gelsemium, Oscilococcinum, Influenzinum, Antimonium tartaricum, Carbo vegetabilis e Aviarium. Os dados obtidos neste trabalho sugerem que o fluxo de incidência de Oscilococcinum e Influenzinum foi maior nos meses iniciais da Pandemia, provavelmente, relacionado a sua indicação como preventivo, assim como o aumento expressivo de Camphora e Arsenicum álbum nos meses de abril, maio e junho de 2020, reflete a indicação desses medicamentos não apenas como preventivo, mas também nos casos da doença já instalada.

On December 31, 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) received the first communication about a pneumonia outbreak in the city of Wuhan, which was caused by a new coronavirus. In Brazil, the first case was registered in February 26, 2020, and after 21 days the State Health Department of Paraíba announced the first case of COVID-19 in this state. One of the options used by the population to what was considered prevention against the COVID-19 was the homeopathic medicines. This research aimed to identify the best-selling homeopathic medicines in homeopathic drugstores in the municipality of João Pessoa, in the period from January to September 2020. The data was collected in an interview with the owners of the homeopathic drugstores, which answered to a previously designed questionnaire. The study evidenced an expressive enhance in the selling of homeopathic medicines starting from March 2020 in the research drugstores. The most commercialized medicines, in order of frequency, were: Camphora, Arsenicum album, Gelsemium, Oscilococcinum, Influenzinum, Antimonium tartaricum, Carbo vegetabilis and Aviarium. The data found in this study suggest that the incidence flow of Oscilococcinum and Influenzinum was higher in the initial months of the Pandemic, probably, because of their indication as a preventive, and the expressive enhance of Camphora and Arsenicum álbum in the months of April, May and June, 2020 reflect the indication of these medicines not only as preventive, but also in the cases that the illness is confirmed.

Position Statement on the Use of Myocardial Strain in Cardiology Routines by the Brazilian Society of Cardiology's Department Of Cardiovascular Imaging - 2023. / Posicionamento do Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia sobre o Uso do Strain Miocárdico na Rotina do Cardiologista ­ 2023.

Central Illustration : Position Statement on the Use of Myocardial Strain in Cardiology Routines by the Brazilian Society of Cardiology's Department Of Cardiovascular Imaging - 2023 Proposal for including strain in the integrated diastolic function assessment algorithm, adapted from Nagueh et al.67 Am: mitral A-wave duration; Ap: reverse pulmonary A-wave duration; DD: diastolic dysfunction; LA: left atrium; LASr: LA strain reserve; LVGLS: left ventricular global longitudinal strain; TI: tricuspid insufficiency. Confirm concentric remodeling with LVGLS. In LVEF, mitral E wave deceleration time < 160 ms and pulmonary S-wave < D-wave are also parameters of increased filling pressure. This algorithm does not apply to patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), mitral annulus calcification, > mild mitral valve disease, left bundle branch block, paced rhythm, prosthetic valves, or severe primary pulmonary hypertension.

Figura Central : Posicionamento do Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia sobre o Uso do Strain Miocárdico na Rotina do Cardiologista ­ 2023 Proposta de inclusão do strain no algoritmo integrado de avaliação da função diastólica, adaptado e traduzido de Nagueh et al. 67 AE: átrio esquerdo; Ap: duração da onda A reversa pulmonar; Am: duração da onda A mitral; DD: disfunção diastólica; FEVEr: fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo reduzida; IT: insuficiência tricúspide; SAEr: strain do AE de reservatório; SLGVE: strain longitudinal global do ventrículo esquerdo. Se remodelamento concêntrico, confirmar com SLGVE. Na presença de FEVEr, tempo de desaceleração da onda E mitral (TDE) < 160 ms e onda S < D pulmonar também são parâmetros de pressão de enchimento aumentada. Esse algoritmo não se aplica a pacientes com fibrilação atrial (FA), calcificação do anel mitral ou valvopatia mitral maior que discreta, bloqueio de ramo esquerdo (BRE), ritmo de marca-passo, próteses valvares ou hipertensão pulmonar (HP) primária grave.

Intervenções do enfermeiro de família na consulta de vigilância da diabetes / Family health nurse interventions in the diabetes surveillance consultation / Intervenciones de la enfermera de familia en la consulta de vigilancia de la diabetes

Resumo Enquadramento: Os enfermeiros de família desenvolvem intervenções direcionadas à família como unidade, considerando as transições que ocorrem ao longo do seu ciclo vital, como as que decorrem do diagnóstico de uma doença crónica num dos seus membros, como é o caso da diabetes. Objetivo: Identificar as intervenções realizadas pelo enfermeiro de família na consulta de vigilância da diabetes. Metodologia: Estudo transversal, exploratório e descritivo de abordagem quantitativa, utilizando uma amostra aleatória simples de 106 pessoas portadoras de diabetes, que efetuaram consultas de enfermagem, de novembro a dezembro de 2019, em três unidades de saúde familiar. Resultados: Foram realizadas 27 intervenções do tipo avaliar, das 30 integrantes do instrumento de colheita de dados. Nas do tipo monitorizar foram realizadas as oito previstas. Do tipo ensinar foram realizadas 15 das 19 intervenções. Conclusão: O conhecimento sobre as intervenções realizadas, a maioria de avaliação diagnóstica poderá contribuir para a gestão da dotação segura dos enfermeiros de família, considerando os cuidados desenvolvidos em todas as etapas do processo de enfermagem.

Abstract Background: Family health nurses develop interventions aimed at the family as a unit, considering the transitions that occur throughout its life cycle, such as those resulting from the diagnosis of a chronic disease in one of its members, like diabetes. Objective: Identify the interventions performed by the family health nurse in the diabetes surveillance consultation. Methodology: Cross-sectional, exploratory, and descriptive study with a quantitative approach, using a simple randomized sample of 106 people with diabetes, who received nursing consultations from November to December 2019 in three family health units. Results: Twenty-seven assessing interventions were carried out, out of the 30 planned in the data collection tool. The eight planned monitoring interventions were performed. Of the educating type, 15 of the 19 interventions were carried out. Conclusion: Knowledge about the interventions carried out, most of which are diagnostic assessments, can contribute to the management of safe staffing of family health nurses, considering the care provided at all stages of the nursing process.

Resumen Marco contextual: Las enfermeras de família desarrollan intervenciones dirigidas a la familia como unidad, considerando las transiciones que ocurren a lo largo de su ciclo de vida, como las que resultandel diagnóstico de una enfermedad crónica en uno de sus miembros, como la diabetes. Objetivo: Identificar las intervenciones realizadas por la enfermera de família en la consulta de vigilancia de diabetes. Metodología: Estudio transversal, exploratorio y descriptivocon enfoque cuantitativo, utilizando una muestra aleatoria simple de 106 personas con diabetes, que realizaron consultas de enfermería, de noviembre a diciembre de 2019, entres unidades de salud de la familia. Resultados: Se realizaron 27 intervenciones del tipo evaluación, de los 30 integrantes del instrumento de recolección de datos. En el tipo de seguimiento se realizaron los ocho previstos. Del tipo de enseñanza, se realizaron 15 de las 19 intervenciones. Conclusión: El conocimiento sobre las intervenciones realizadas, la mayoría de las cuales son evaluaciones diagnósticas, puede contribuir para la gestión de la dotación segura de personal de enfermería de la familia, considerando el cuidado desarrollado en todas las etapas del proceso de enfermería.

Schinopsis brasiliensis Engler-Phytochemical Properties, Biological Activities, and Ethnomedicinal Use: A Scoping Review.

Brazil has the most incredible biodiversity globally and has a vast storehouse of molecules to be discovered. However, there are no pharmacological and phytochemical studies on most native plants. Parts of Schinopsis brasiliensis Engler, a tree from the Anacardiaceae family, are used by several traditional communities to treat injuries and health problems. The objective of this scoping review was to summarize the pharmacological information about S. brasiliensis, from ethnobotanical to phytochemical and biological studies. Data collection concerning the geographical distribution of S. brasiliensis specimens was achieved through the Reflora Virtual Herbarium. The study's protocol was drafted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The search strategy used the keyword "Schinopsis brasiliensis" in the databases: PUBMED, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Web of Science, SciFinder, and SciELO. Rayyan was used for the selection of eligible studies. In total, 35 studies were included in the paper. The most recurrent therapeutic indications were for general pain, flu and inflammation. The bark was the most studied part of the plant. The most used preparation method was decoction and infusion, followed by syrup. Phytochemical investigations indicate the presence of tannins, flavonoids, phenols, and polyphenols. Most of the substances were found in the plant's leaf and bark. Important biological activities were reported, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. S. brasiliensis is used mainly by communities in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil to treat several diseases. Pharmacological and phytochemical studies together provide scientific support for the popular knowledge of the medicinal use of S. brasiliensis. In vitro and in vivo analyses reported antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, cytotoxic, photoprotective, preservative, molluscicidal, larvicidal, and pupicidal effects. It is essential to highlight the need for future studies that elucidate the mechanisms of action of these phytocompounds.

International treaties have mostly failed to produce their intended effects.

There are over 250,000 international treaties that aim to foster global cooperation. But are treaties actually helpful for addressing global challenges? This systematic field-wide evidence synthesis of 224 primary studies and meta-analysis of the higher-quality 82 studies finds treaties have mostly failed to produce their intended effects. The only exceptions are treaties governing international trade and finance, which consistently produced intended effects. We also found evidence that impactful treaties achieve their effects through socialization and normative processes rather than longer-term legal processes and that enforcement mechanisms are the only modifiable treaty design choice with the potential to improve the effectiveness of treaties governing environmental, human rights, humanitarian, maritime, and security policy domains. This evidence synthesis raises doubts about the value of international treaties that neither regulate trade or finance nor contain enforcement mechanisms.

Queixa de memória e risco de depressão em idosos assistidos pela estratégia saúde da família / Memory complaint and risk of depression in elderly people assisted by the family health strategy / Queja de memória y riesgo de depresión en personas mayores asistidas por la estrategia de salud de la familia

Objetivos:Investigar a ocorrência de queixa de memória e o risco de depressão entre idosos e avaliar a relação da ocorrência de queixa de memória e o risco de depressão entre idosos.Método:Estudo observacional transversal realizado com 150 idosos vinculados à Estratégia Saúde da Família. Os dados foram coletados por meio dos instrumentos Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ)e Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (EDS-15), analisados pela estatística descritiva e bivariada, considerando a autoavaliação da memória como variável desfecho e a significância estatística quando p-valor < 0,05. Resultados: A maioria dos idosos apresentou baixo nível de autorrelato de queixas de memória,com maior frequência nas falhas da memória prospectiva. Quanto ao rastreio de depressão, 20,7% apresentaram quadro de depressão leve ou moderada. Entre os grupos estudados, observou-se que os idosos com quadro psicológico normal autoavaliam melhor a memória. Conclusões: Evidencia-se um estado de alerta para a saúde pública, especialmente pela confirmação da coexistência entre dois importantes agravos associados à velhice, cabendo à atenção primária incorporar ações para a identificação precoce dos sinais esintomas depressivos e das falhas de memória.

Objectives: To investigate the occurrence of memory complaints and the risk of depression among the elderly and to assess the relationship between the occurrence of memory complaints and the risk of depression among the elderly. Method:Cross-sectional observational study conducted with 150 elderly people linked to the Family Health Strategy. Data were collected using the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) and Geriatric Depression Scale (EDS-15), analyzed by descriptive and bivariate statistics, considering self-assessment of memory as the outcome variable and statistical significance when p-value < 0.05. Results:Most of the elderly presented a low level of self-reported memory complaints, with higher frequency in prospective memory failures. Regarding depression screening, 20.7% had mild or moderate depression. Among the groups studied, it was observed that the elderly with normal psychological condition better self-evaluate memory. Conclusions:There is a state of alertness to public health, especially by confirming the coexistence between two important diseases associated with old age, and primary care should incorporateactions for the early identification of depressive signs and symptoms and memory failures.

Objetivos: Investigar la ocurrencia de quejas de memoria y el riesgo de depresión entre ancianos y evaluar larelación entre la ocurrencia de quejas de memoria y el riesgo de depresión entre ancianos. Método:Estudio observacional transversal realizado con 150 ancianos vinculados a la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante el Cuestionario de Memoria Prospectiva y Retrospectiva (PRMQ) y la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica (EDS-15), analizados mediante estadística descriptiva y bivariada, considerando la autoevaluación de la memoria como variable de resultado y la significación estadística cuando el valor p< 0,05. Resultados:La mayoría de los ancianos presentaron un bajo nivel de quejas de memoria autoinformada, con mayor frecuencia en fallas de memoria prospectivas. En cuanto al cribado de la depresión, el 20,7% tenía depresión leve o moderada. Entre los grupos estudiados, se observó que los ancianos con condición psicológica normal autoevaluar mejor la memoria. Conclusiones:Existe un estado de alerta ante la salud pública, especialmente al confirmar la coexistencia entre dos enfermedades importantes asociadas a la vejez, y la atención primaria debe incorporar acciones para la identificación precoz de signos y síntomas depresivos y fallos de memoria.