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BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome, a cluster of illnesses including insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and central obesity, is affecting roughly a quarter of the world population. Dysregulation of iron homeostasis may be associated with insulin resistance, leading to metabolic syndrome. Uric acid is an antioxidant currently studied in relation to several metabolic disorders. It may also be interlinked with iron metabolism. Yet, data regarding the interplay between serum iron, ferritin, and uric acid in metabolic syndrome are scarce. Hence, this study aimed to identify any alteration of serum iron, ferritin, and uric acid levels in metabolic syndrome patients of Eastern India and to explore any inter-relationship between these parameters. Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study including 103 patients suffering from metabolic syndrome and 107 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals was conducted. Subjects were evaluated for serum iron, ferritin, and uric acid levels, besides the diagnostic parameters of metabolic syndrome. RESULTS: Metabolic syndrome cases had higher serum iron, ferritin, and uric acid levels as compared to the controls. Serum uric acid was positively correlated with both iron and ferritin. CONCLUSION: Metabolic syndrome is associated with elevated serum levels of iron, ferritin, and uric acid. Iron overload, reflected in elevated serum ferritin, can cause oxidative stress and endothelial damage, thereby predisposing to metabolic and vascular complications. Uric acid, an antioxidant, can rise in an attempt to counter oxidative stress. Metabolic syndrome patients should be periodically assessed for iron profile and uric acid to design suitable treatment protocols for better management of disease progression and alleviation of complications.
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INTRODUCTION: Vitamin D, beyond bone metabolism, has played a significant role in various physiological processes, including modulation of oxidative stress and maintenance of vascular architecture. Oxidative stress, a state of altered balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases. Our study aims to explore the intricate relationship between serum vitamin D levels and markers of oxidative stress in normotensive and hypertensive individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 108 age-matched participants (35 to 50 years) of both genders (54 males and 54 females) were included in this cross-sectional study according to the study design and assessed for their serum vitamin D level by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level by using a spectrophotometer at 540 nm after measurement of the blood pressure. The data were entered in a Microsoft Excel sheet and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software version 20. RESULTS: Our findings demonstrate a significant inverse correlation between serum vitamin D levels and MDA (r = -0.71, p < 0.001), indicating lower lipid peroxidation with higher vitamin D levels. Our study concludes by evident higher serum vitamin D levels associated with reduced oxidative stress, reflected by lower MDA. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest a potential protective role of vitamin D against oxidative damage, which could have implications for the prevention of oxidative stress-related diseases.
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INTRODUCTION: Hypertension (HTN), a leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, is intricately linked with endothelial dysfunction, a hallmark of vascular pathology. The effect of oxidative stress in maintaining the optimum endothelial function in the regulation of blood pressure is yet to be explored. While numerous factors contribute to the pathogenesis of HTN, emerging evidence highlights the pivotal role of oxidative stress in endothelial dysfunction, offering novel insights into the underlying mechanisms. AIM: Our study delves into the multifaceted relationship between oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in HTN, elucidating key molecular pathways and potential therapeutic avenues. Our study aims to find out the association between oxidative stress and endothelial function in the regulation of blood pressure. METHODS: A total of 108 age-matched participants of both genders were divided into three groups by following the guidelines of the American Heart Association (AHA) classification for HTN. Blood pressure was recorded manually in resting posture three times at an interval of 10 minutes using a sphygmomanometer after providing 10 minutes of rest before the first reading. Parameters of oxidative stress and endothelial function were measured by using a UV spectrophotometer. Our study results were depicted as mean ± SD. RESULTS: The correlation between our variables was performed using Spearman's correlation considering the value of p<0.05 as statistically significant. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), a parameter of oxidative stress, was found to be increasing and serum nitric oxide (NO), a parameter to assess endothelial function, was found to be decreasing as the blood pressure increased. These observations are indicative that optimal oxidative stress and optimal endothelial function are required to maintain normal blood pressure regardless of gender. CONCLUSIONS: All persons who are suspected of future cardiovascular risks should be regularly checked for these parameters to avoid cardiovascular morbidity such as HTN.
