Four new species of Zeugodacus Hendel (Diptera, Tephritidae, Dacinae, Dacini) and new records of dacines from India.

Four new species of Zeugodacus Hendel are described from India viz., Zeugodacusmomordicae David & Ajaykumara, sp. nov. from Arunachal Pradesh infesting male flower buds of Momordicadioica, Zeugodacusnasivittatus David & Abhishek, sp. nov. from Meghalaya, Zeugodacus (Sinodacus) sinuvittatus David & Abhishek, sp. nov. from Himachal Pradesh and Zeugodacus (Zeugodacus) umiam David & Kennedy, sp. nov. from Meghalaya. An illustrated key to all species of Zeugodacus from India is also included. Bactrocera (Parazeugodacus) abbreviata (Hardy) and Dacus (Mellesis) vijaysegarani Drew & Hancock are recorded for the first time from India.

Toxicity, behavioural and biochemical effect of Piper betle L. essential oil and its constituents against housefly, Musca domestica L.

Housefly, Musca domestica L. is a pest of public health importance and is responsible for spreading diseases like typhoid, diarrhoea, plague etc. Indiscriminate reliance on synthetic insecticides has led to development of insecticide resistance and ill effect to humans and nontarget animals. This demands an alternative and safer pest control option. This study evaluates the biological effect of Piper betle L essential oil and its constituent eugenol, eugenol acetate, and ß - caryophyllene on the housefly. The major components present in P. betel EO were safrole (44.25%), eugenol (5.16%), ß -caryophyllene (5.98%), ß -selinene (5.93%), α-selinene (5.27%) and eugenol acetate (9.77%). Eugenol caused 4.5fold higher ovicidal activity (EC50 86.99 µg/ml) than P. betle EO (EC50 390.37 µg/ml). Eugenol caused fumigant toxicity to adults (LC50 88.38 mg/dm3). On contact toxicity by topical application, eugenol acetate, eugenol and ß-caryophyllene caused higher mortality to larval and adult stages than EO. FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope) images reveal that exposure to P. betle EO causes the shrinkage of the larval cuticle. Both EO and eugenol induced the detoxifying enzymes Carboxyl esterase (Car E) and Glutathione S - transferases (GST) in larvae and adults. EO and eugenol at 0.2% caused effective repellence and oviposition deterrence to M. domestica adults and this merits their use as alternative strategy to manage M. domestica.

Taxonomic notes on the genus Campiglossa Rondani (Diptera, Tephritidae, Tephritinae, Tephritini) in India, with description of three new species.

Three new species of Campiglossa Rondani are described from India: adults of both sexes and third instar larvae of C. ialong David, Salini & Hancock, sp. nov. and C. sherlyae David & Hancock, sp. nov., plus an adult female of C. shaktii David, Sachin & Hancock, sp. nov., are described and illustrated. Postabdominal structures, cephalopharyngeal skeleton, and anterior and posterior spiracles of C. gemma (Hering, 1939) and C. sororcula (Wiedemann, 1830) are illustrated. DNA barcode sequences of C. ialong sp. nov., C. sherlyae sp. nov., and C. gemma were obtained and reported. Records of C. absinthii (Fabricius, 1805) and C. iracunda (Hering, 1938) are regarded as misidentifications of C. lyncea (Bezzi, 1913) and C. shaktii sp. nov., respectively, and excluded from the Indian fauna. A key to the known species of Campiglossa from India is provided. Results of preliminary phylogenetic analysis using COI revealed that C. ialong sp. nov. is paraphyletic to the Campiglossa misella group and C. C. sherlyae sp. nov. is a sister species of C. deserta.