RESUMEN
The 5-year relative survival for patients with head and neck cancer, the seventh most common form of cancer worldwide, was reported as 67% in developed countries in the second decade of the new millennium. Although surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or combined treatment often elicits an initial satisfactory response, relapses are frequently observed within two years. Current surveillance methods, including clinical exams and imaging evaluations, have not unambiguously demonstrated a survival benefit, most probably due to a lack of sensitivity in detecting very early recurrence. Recently, liquid biopsy monitoring of the molecular fingerprint of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma has been proposed and investigated as a strategy for longitudinal patient care. These innovative methods offer rapid, safe, and highly informative genetic analysis that can identify small tumors not yet visible by advanced imaging techniques, thus potentially shortening the time to treatment and improving survival outcomes. In this review, we provide insights into the available evidence that the molecular tumor fingerprint can be used in the surveillance of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Challenges to overcome, prior to clinical implementation, are also discussed.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/diagnóstico , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/diagnóstico , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/genética , Humanos , Biopsia Líquida , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/genética , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/genética , Análisis de Supervivencia , Tiempo de TratamientoRESUMEN
With the introduction of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) into dentistry in the 1990s, radiologists have become more frequently involved in dental implant planning. This article describes the information that should be included in a radiology report to achieve a successful implantation. The justification to use CBCT during the preoperative planning phase is based on the need to evaluate patient-specific anatomy in detail (general condition of the jaw, bone quantity, and bone quality), the application of more advanced surgical techniques (maxillary sinus augmentation procedure, zygomatic implants), and the integrated presurgical planning and virtual patient approach. Postoperatively, CBCT is used when implant retrieval is anticipated and two-dimensional radiographs have not provided sufficient information, for evaluation of graft healing, or to assess complications, mostly related to neurovascular trauma.