[Potentialities of lymphography using chromethiotrast, a new x-ray contrast medium]. / Vozmozhnosti limfografii pri ispol'zovanii novogo rentgenokontrastnogo sredstva khrométiotrast.

A study was made of the potentialities of lymphography using a new radiopaque medium chromethiotrast (a solution of harmless fat-soluble anthraquinone dyes fixed with ethiotrast). The agent is intended for combined x-ray and visual investigation of the lymphatic system. Lymphograms of 76 patients (with Hodgkin's disease, prostatic cancer, cancer of the female organs, breast, bladder, rectal cancer, and secondary limb lymphedema) were analyzed. Chromethiotrast is easily administered in the lymphatic bed ensuring a good contrast density of the lymphatic vessels permitting the detection of their structure. Chromethiotrast is quickly discharged from the lymphatic system, causing no marked side-effects provided all precautions necessary for the administration of iodobutyric radiopaque media, are taken.

[Functional status of the hepatobiliary system during anti-orthostatic hypodynamia]. / Funktsional'noe sostoianie gepatobiliarnoi sistemy pri antiortostaticheskoi gipodinamii.

In 16 male subjects, the hepatic absorption-excretion function and the gallbladder and biliary ducts were investigated using computer scintigraphy and 99mTs-HIDA. Comparison of the data obtained after 6-hour (-20 degrees) and 3-day (10 degrees) antiorthostatic hypodynamics with the baseline data obtained in the supine position demonstrated deterioration of the absorption-excretion function of the liver. In response to a short-term exposure (6 hour) the changes were seen only in subjects with latent or clinically nonmanifest pathologies of the digestive organs. As the exposure continued, changes in the hepatobiliary function became more manifest and significant. It is recommended to study in greater detail changes in the above function and their involvement in the symptom complex of an acute stage of adaptation to microgravity.

[Contrast media: present status and future of their production and use]. / Kontrastnye sredstva: itogi i perspektivy sozdaniia i primeneniia.

Analysis of the problems involving the design and application of Soviet-made radiocontrast agents showed that the synthesis of such drugs as Iodamid, Triombrast, Etiotrast, Bilimin, and Bilignost in this country made it possible to eliminate the arrears in this field. Together with the elaboration of topics concerning the pharmacokinetics and adverse effects of the above contrast agents, this helped to create a sound scientific base for further work on the unsolved problems, primarily, (1) to synthesize Soviet non-ionogenic radiocontrast agents; (2) to prepare and introduce Soviet ultrasonographic contrast agents into practice; (3) to prepare and introduce magnetic resonance contrast ones into practice; and (4) to introduce unique radiocontrast agents such as triombrast as oil emulsion, oleoferrotrast, fine-dispersion barium sulphate, and chromoetiotrast into clinical practice and to set up their production.

[Role of tests of the total pressure of gases (O2 and CO2) in blood plasma in studying gaseous homeostasis in man]. / Rol' testov po summarnomu davleniiu gazov (O2 i CO2) v plazme krovi pri izuchenii gazovogo gomeostaza u cheloveka.

Sixty essentially healthy subjects were examined manometrically with blood withdrawn from the coronary sinus, pulmonary artery, aorta, veins of the right kidney and the right liver lobe. Together with the traditional parameters of the gas contents and gradients of plasma, it is proposed to use tests measuring additive O2 and CO2 parameters. It has been demonstrated that the above organs can be discriminated using tests that are additive with respect to the gas pressure. It is emphasized that the tests proposed here, when used in addition to the traditional ones, allow identification of the gas and non-gas parameters of homeostasis as a single system of tests to assess the human body function.

[Dynamics of the redistribution of human blood in response to lower body negative pressure]. / Dinamika pereraspredeleniia krovi u cheloveka pri sozdanii ponizhennogo davleniia nad nizhnei polovinoi tela.

During exposure to LBNP of -10 to -60 mm Hg variations in the blood filling of body segments were measured, using 59Fe labelled erythrocytes. The study was performed on 10 healthy volunteers each of which was exposed to six LBNP sessions (in recumbency). The data obtained were related to changes in the blood filling of various body segments (head, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, legs) which were most pronounced at LBNP -20 to -30 mm Hg. As the LBNP level increased, the changes in the blood filling of the pelvis and legs, head and thorax decreased. In the abdominal area this parameter remained essentially unaltered. The distinct variations in the thoracic blood filling were probably dependent on the amount of blood shifted to the decompressed area which may be related not only to the venous capacity in this area but also to the venous- arterial reflexes and possibly to the specific transfer of reduced pressure in tissues.

[Late radiation injuries of lungs after combined therapy in breast cancer]. / Pozdnie luchevye povrezhdeniia legkikh pri kombinirovannom lechenii raka molochnoi zhelezy.

The paper is concerned with the results of examination and treatment of 140 patients with late radiation injuries of the lungs developing in a late period after combined treatment (operation + radiotherapy) of breast cancer. The sooner the treatment was initiated, the more effective it was.

[Interpretation of the kinetocardiogram of the right heart]. / Interpretatsiia kinetokardiogrammy pravogo serdtsa.

On the basis of ultrasonic Doppler valvulocardiography of 20 healthy men and catheterization of the right heart of 15 patients with acute large-focal myocardial infarction, the development of elements of the right kinetocardiograms (KCGr) is explored. Comparison of kinetocardiograms of the right heart with ultrasonic and catheterization data has demonstrated that KCGr can be used to examine right heart contractions of cosmonauts and pilots in flight and on the ground as well as of patients to diagnose pathologies of the right compartments of the heart.

[Color decoding of roentgenograms and scintigrams of malignant lung neoplasms]. / Tsvetovaia deshifrovka rentgenogramm i stsintigramm zlokachestvennykh novoobrazovanii legkikh.

The authors have shown that the color decoding of x-ray-radioisotope information on 50 lung cancer patients (150 radiograms and 80 scannograms) raised the diagnostic efficacy. It opens up opportunities for the objective quantitative processing of results by performing histographic analysis of similar optical density zones. These data are impossible to obtain by using common methods of visual and roentgenogrammetric analysis. TV decoders of UAR-1 type are recommended for clinical practice.

[Factor analysis of reactions to lower body negative pressure on the earth and during space flight]. / Faktornyi analiz reaktsii na probu s otritsatel'nym davleniem na nizhniuiu polovinu tela na zemle i v kosmicheskom polete.

The method of main components was used to examine separately the cosmonauts' responses to LBNP tests on the ground and in space flight. The factor structures of the ground- and flight data did not show significant differences. In both cases the first factor can be termed the factor of venous return and the second, the factor of the cardiac state. The first two factors were responsible for about 60%, and the first three factors for 76-78% of data scatter. The observation that the factor structure remains unchanged indicates that LBNP reactions in space flight can be evaluated using the criteria applied on the Earth.

[Automated roentgenography of the thoracic organs]. / Avtomatizirovannaia rentgenografiia organov grudnoi kletki.

A new device is developed to trigger automatically an X-ray unit at the instant of the extremum respiratory phase. The device is driven by a probe sensing the air stream. The serviceability of the unit has been tested in the course of pneumopolyradiographic and pneumotetraradiographic examinations in more than 5000 patients. The unit is recommended for clinical application in the X-ray departments.

[Breakdown of alkyl sulfonate by Pseudomonas rathonis]. / Razrushenie alkilsul'fonata Pseudomonas rathonis.

Pseudomonas rathonis T/1 utilizing alkyl sulfonate, an anionic surfactant, as a sole source of carbon and energy was isolated from the soil taken near a plant producing synthetic detergents. Pseudomonas rathonis T, a more active variant of the above strain, was obtained by selection under the conditions of continuous cultivation. As was shown by identification of intermediate products in the destruction of alkyl sulfonate, its molecule is first cleaved at the C--S bond yielding higher aliphatic alcohols which are then oxidized to the corresponding carboxylic acids. The strain can be used for purification of industrial sewage containing anionic surfactants.

[Characteristics of the reaction of the cardiovascular system during the immediate aftereffects of LBNP]. / Osobennosti reaktsii serdechno-sosudistoi sistemy v periode blizhaishego posledeistviia ODNT.

Circulation variations during LBNP immediate aftereffects were investigated. The test subjects with different test tolerance showed dissimilar cardiovascular responses. The lack of reflex bradycardia in the test subjects with reduced LBNP tolerance gives evidence that their regulatory mechanisms are insufficiently reactive; this is manifested during aftereffects of low LBNP (up to -40 mm Hg).

[Potential for modelling the hemodynamic effects of weightlessness by exposure to increased pressure]. / O vozmozhnosti modelirovaniia gemodinamicheskikh éffektov nevesomosti vozdeistviem povyshennogo davleniia.

Venous and arterial circulation was investigated by simulating cephalad blood shifts generated by an exposure of test subjects (n = 15) to lower body positive pressure (+25 mm Hg) and head-down tilts (at -8 degrees and -15 degrees). At LBPP and tilt -15 degrees arterial pressure increased by 5-15%. During tilt -8 degrees jugular vein blood filling increased by 8-94% in the course of the first 3 hrs and then decreased reaching the baseline (horizontal position) level. During LBPP the parameter changed in a similar manner (increased by 2-50%). During tilt -15 degrees the parameter grew by 10-110% and remained elevated. The exposures gave rise to bradycardia which was more pronounced during -8 degrees and LBPP. The data obtained give evidence that circulation changes during LBPP and head-down tilts are identical. This suggests that LBPP can be used to simulate the effect of cephalad blood shifts, one of the most important effects of weightlessness on the human body.