Innovative Processing Technologies to Develop a New Segment of Functional Citrus-Based Beverages: Current and Future Trends.

The food industries are interested in developing functional products due to their popularity within nutritional and healthy circles. Functional fruit-based beverages represent one of the fast-growing markets due to the high concentrations of bioactive compounds (BCs), which can be health promoters. Hence, functional beverages based on citrus fruits are a potential way to take advantage of their nutritional and bioactive properties that could attract the interest of consumers. In order to ensure microbial and quality stability, the beverages are subjected to preservation treatment; however, the application of high temperatures leads to the loss of thermolabile BCs. Nowadays, innovative processing technologies (IPT) such as pulsed electric field (PEF), high-pressure processing (HPP), ultrasound processing (US), ohmic heating (OH), and microwave (MW) are a promising alternative due to their efficiency and low impact on juice BCs. The available literature concerning the effects of these technologies in functional fruit-based beverages is scarce; thus, this review gathers the most relevant information about the main positive and negative aspects of the IPT in functional properties, safety, and consumer acceptance of functional citrus-based beverages, as well as the use of citrus by-products to promote the circular economy in citrus processing.

A survey of 59 pesticide residues in Turkish chicken eggs using LC-MS/MS.

An LC-MS/MS multi-residue method was validated for the determination of 59 pesticide residue levels in a chicken egg by using QuEChERS extraction method. The validation parameters used were taken from the SANTE/11813/2017 guideline. The calibration curves for each target pesticide had a good linearity in a range of 1.0 or 2.5 to 100.0 µg kg-1 (r2 ≥ 0.995). Ten per cent of the total pesticides had LOQ values less than 5.0 µg kg-1 or LOQ values from 5.0 to 10.0 µg kg-1. The LOQ values were below the MRLs set by the European Commision (EC). Average recoveries (70-120%) and relative standard deviations (RSDs≤20%) were achieved for 59 selected pesticides at different concentrations (5 or 10 and 200 µg kg-1). All expanded measurement uncertainties were lower than 50%. The occurrence of these pesticides was evaluated in 35 commercially available chicken eggs. No MRL exceedance was identified.

[Latent tuberculosis treatment results in patients that taken TNF-alpha blockers at Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital Chest Diseases Clinic for last 8 years (2006-2013)]. / Ankara Numune Egitim Arastirma Hastanesi Gögüs Hastaliklari Kliniginde son 8 yilda (2006-2013) TNF-alfa blokeri kullanan hastalara verilen latent tüberküloz tedavisi sonuçlari

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis occurrence was evaluated in patients that applied tuberculosis chemoprophylaxis and currently receiving tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) blocker. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Incidence of tuberculosis were retrospectively evaluated in patients that currently receiving TNF-α-blocking therapy and received tuberculosis chemoprophylaxis at Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Lung Disease Department, between 2006-2013 years. 134 patients that were diagnosed with rheumatologic and dermatologic diseases, were evaluated. Patients were in the age range 18-80 years. Age, gender, smoking status, BCG vaccination, chest radiography, diagnose of disease, presence of concomitant disease, tuberculosis story, PPD value, chemoprophylaxis acquisition, which anti-tuberculosis agents received, duration of chemoprophylaxis, duration of TNF-α blocker, other immunosuppressive using were measured. RESULTS: Rheumatologic diseases were often. Prophylaxis has given at 73.9% of patients. Patients with received anti-TNF-α therapy (n= 134) have not developed pulmonary or extra-pulmonary tuberculosis disease. CONCLUSION: Patients with received anti-TNF-α therapy, are scanned with TST or Quantiferon. If latent tuberculosis infection are diagnosed, tuberculosis prophylaxis should be started pre-anti-TNF-α therapy at least one month and INH chemoprophylaxis should be completed on 9 months or RIF should be completed on 4 months. Serum liver enzymes and bilirubin measurements monthly; follow-up physical examination and chest radiography should be performed for 3 months.