Congenital diaphragmatic hernia with intrathoracic kidney: case report, review of the literature, and strategy for treatment in neonates and infants.

BACKGROUND: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a rare developmental defect in the diaphragm, occurring in 2 in 10,000 births. Herniation of intraperitoneal organs through the diaphragmatic opening is always present, however few cases mention the herniation of retroperitoneal organs, such as a kidney. Due to the rarity of this condition, the optimal treatment strategy remains unclear. METHODS: A PubMed search was conducted, gathering all published reports of CDH with intrathoracic herniation of the kidney. Cases of isolated intrathoracic kidney without CDH and cases of traumatic hernia were excluded. Patients who underwent surgical repair before the age of 5 years were included for further analysis. RESULTS: Thirty-seven cases were found from 1970 to 2022. The approach used for surgical repair was not mentioned in 55.6% of cases. 52.9% of the remaining patients were treated through laparotomy, whereas in 23.5% a thoracoscopy was performed. A primary repair of the hernia was performed in 88.6%. A hernia sac was noted in 70%. Most patients had a normal origin of the renal vessels and reduction of the intrathoracic kidney was achieved in 78.8%. Moreover, we report a case of CDH with intrathoracic kidney treated through thoracoscopic repair. CONCLUSION: A thoracoscopic approach is effective for the treatment of CDH with an intrathoracic kidney case with an associated intrathoracic kidney. A therapeutic strategy for CDH with intrathoracic kidney is suggested based on data from published cases.

Colorectal cancer surgery in octogenarians: real-world long-term results.

AIMS: Colon cancer is the most common intra-abdominal cancer in older people. In the elderly with cancer, clinical decision making is often complicated by the effects of aging. However, as life expectancy continues to rise, more people aged 80 and older will present with colorectal cancer and may need major surgery. METHODS: Between 2000 and 2020 we operated on 352 patients aged 80 and older for colorectal cancer. We reviewed the case-notes of these patients and made a survival analysis for those patients who had a surgical resection of the tumor. RESULTS: In 20 patients a palliative procedure was performed. Three hundred and thirty-two (332) patients had a colorectal cancer resected. Of these, 57 patients died within 90 days postoperatively. Survival analysis was done for 275 patients who were alive longer than 90 days postoperatively. The overall 5-year survival in this group is 41.5%. There was no significant difference in postoperative survival between patients over the age of 85 and patients aged 80-84 at the time of operation. The survival of patients with stage IV colorectal adenocarcinoma is significantly worse than survival in stage I-III patients (Cox-Mantel log-rank test p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: After exclusion of the patients in the 90-day mortality group the overall 5-year survival in octogenarians who had a resection of a colorectal cancer was 41.5%. The most difficult problem is to choose the right treatment for the right patient. Optimal surgical and adjuvant treatment should not be denied to these older patients.

Laparoscopic Oblique Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous Flap Harvest for Perineal Reconstruction After Abdominoperineal Resection.

BACKGROUND: Treatment of perineal defects after abdominoperineal resection or salvage surgery for either locally advanced rectal cancer or anal carcinoma can be challenging. Myocutaneous flap reconstruction has proven to reduce perineal morbidity and abscess formation in the pelvis; however, it is associated with significant donor-site morbidity. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a laparoscopic oblique rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap harvesting for perineal reconstruction. This technical note aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of the technique. IMPACT OF INNOVATION: Introduction of a laparoscopic technique in harvesting of this flap can potentially further reduce morbidity associated with this flap creation by minimizing abdominal wall trauma and obviating the need for laparotomy for tunneling of the flap intra-abdominally. TECHNOLOGY, MATERIALS, AND METHODS: This report describes a technique using a 6-port laparoscopy, in which the harvesting of the myocutaneous flap was performed after a standardized abdominoperineal resection. The flap itself is passed through the rectus sheath toward the pelvis with the help of a retractor. PRELIMINARY RESULTS: Two patients successfully underwent a laparoscopic oblique rectus abdominis flap reconstruction after abdominoperineal resection. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS: This report describes our initial experience with laparoscopic harvesting of an oblique rectus abdominis flap for perineal reconstruction after abdominoperineal resection. We believe the technique is easy and reproducible for laparoscopic surgeons and can reduce donor-site morbidity. However, further studies will be needed to confirm this observation.

Adjustable Gastric Banding Conversion to One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass: Data Analysis of a Multicenter Database.

INTRODUCTION: One anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) has been proposed as a rescue technique for laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) poor responders. AIM: We sought to analyze, complications, mortality, and medium-term weight loss results after LAGB conversion to OAGB. METHODS: Data analysis of an international multicenter database. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-nine LAGB-to-OAGB operations were retrospectively analyzed. Eighty-seven (46.0%) were converted in one stage. Patients operated on in two stages had a higher preoperative body mass index (BMI) (37.9 vs. 41.3 kg/m2, p = 0.0007) and were more likely to have encountered technical complications, such as slippage or erosions (36% vs. 78%, p < 0.0001). Postoperative complications occurred in 4.8% of the patients (4.6% and 4.9% in the one-stage and the two-stage group, respectively). Leak rate, bleeding episodes, and mortality were 2.6%, 0.5%, and 0.5%, respectively. The final BMI was 30.2 at a mean follow-up of 31.4 months. Follow-up at 1, 3, and 5 years was 100%, 88%, and 70%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Conversion from LAGB to OAGB is safe and effective. The one-stage approach appears to be the preferred option in non-complicate cases, while the two-step approach is mostly done for more complicated cases.

Primary leiomyosarcoma of the colon: a case report and review of the literature.

Introduction: Primary leiomyosarcoma (LMS) of the colon is a rare and aggressive gastrointestinal tract tumor, associated with poor prognosis.Case presentation and methods: We present the case of an asymptomatic patient who was diagnosed with a low sigmoidal stricture on routine colonoscopy. Although biopsies were inconclusive, an oncological partial mesorectal excision (PME) was performed due to the malignant macroscopic aspect. Pathological examination surprisingly revealed a LMS. The patient received no adjuvant chemo- or radiotherapy, but is seen on regular follow-up. We review the literature on leiomyosarcoma of the colon: its diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.Results: Up until now the patient shows no sign of recurrence, 15 months postoperatively.Conclusion: Radical resection is the treatment of choice for primary leiomyosarcoma of the colon and long-term follow-up is needed to evaluate metastatic disease or local recurrence.

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, or one anastomosis gastric bypass as rescue therapy after failed adjustable gastric banding: a multicenter comparative study.

BACKGROUND: To date, laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding remains the third most commonly performed surgical procedure for weight loss. Some patients fail to get acceptable outcomes and undergo revisional surgery at rates ranging from 7% to 60%. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB), and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) are among the most common salvage options for failed laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcomes of converting failed laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding to RYGB, OAGB, or SG. METHODS: Data collected from 7 experienced bariatric centers around the world were retrospectively collected, reviewed, and analyzed. Final body mass index (BMI), change in BMI, percentage excess BMI loss, and major complications with particular attention to leaks, hemorrhage, and mortality were reported. RESULTS: Of 1219 patients analyzed, 74% underwent RYGB, 16% underwent OAGB, and 10% underwent SG after banding failure. The mean age was 38 years (±10 yr), and 82% of patients were women. The mean follow-up was 33 months. The follow-up rate was 100%, 87%, and 52% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. At the latest follow-up, percentage excess BMI loss >50% was achieved by 75% of RYGB, 85% of OAGB, and 67% of SG patients. Postoperative complications occurred in 13% of patients after RYGB, 5% after OAGB, and 15% after SG. CONCLUSION: Our data show that it is possible to achieve or maintain significant weight loss with an acceptable complication rate with all 3 surgical options.

Atriobronchial Fistula Complicated by Septic Cerebral Air Emboli After Pulmonary Vein Ablation.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of an infected atriobronchial fistula as a late complication after pulmonary vein ablation, leading to septic air emboli and requiring urgent cardiac surgery. DATA SOURCES: Clinical observation. STUDY SELECTION: Case report. DATA EXTRACTION: Relevant clinical information. PubMed was searched for relevant literature. DATA SYNTHESIS: Given its high success and low complication rate, pulmonary vein isolation is expected to be increasingly performed worldwide. Despite its success, some of its rare complications are potentially devastating and are difficult to diagnose early. In this report, we present the case of a 32-year-old woman, who was readmitted to hospital 2 months after pulmonary vein ablation. The clinical picture resembled meningococcemia with spreading petechiae on legs and arms raising concern for Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome. Further echocardiographic investigation led to the discovery of massive amounts of intracardiac air which demanded urgent lung isolation and sternotomy. Intraoperatively a small infected left atrial perforation was oversewn and a fistula to the right main bronchus was closed by means of an autologous pericardial patch. One month later, still revalidating, she could be discharged home with only minor neurologic sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should be aware of the dramatic complications of invasive antiarrhythmic procedures and their atypical and late presentations. Better preprocedural appreciation of cardiac wall thickness, early echocardiographic diagnosis, and swift referral for cardiac surgery might impact outcome dramatically.