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1.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36011618

RESUMEN

In Italy, a person suffering from a mental disorder who commits a crime will be given a custodial security order and serve the period of admission at a Residenza per la esecuzione delle misure di sicurezza (REMS) (Residence for the Execution of Security Measures, hereinafter "REMS"). These institutions have been established recently and though equipped with the necessary safety measures, the focus is on psychiatric therapy. Despite being present on a national scale, access is very limited in terms of capacity. Immediate remedial measures are needed, so much so that the European Court of Human Rights recently condemned Italy for this very reason. This article, through a review of the constitutive principles of these institutions, shows how they have very positive aspects such as the attention to necessary psychotherapy in order to protect the right to health and the real taking charge of the fragility of the subjects; however, it is seen how there are many negative aspects linked above all to the scarce availability of places in these structures. The article provides suggestions on a more comprehensive strategy for facilities for detainees with mental disorders.


Asunto(s)
Trastornos Mentales , Prisioneros , Hospitales Psiquiátricos , Humanos , Italia , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Trastornos Mentales/terapia , Salud Mental , Prisioneros/psicología
2.
Sci Rep ; 10(1): 16638, 2020 10 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33024228

RESUMEN

Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical -xenoestrogen- used in food containers is present in the urine of almost the entire population. Recently, several extensive population studies have proven a significant association between urinary excretion of BPA and albuminuria. The alteration of glomerular podocytes or "podocytopathy" is a common event in chronic albuminuric conditions. Since many podocytes recovered from patients' urine are viable, we hypothesized that BPA could impair podocyte adhesion capabilities. Using an in vitro adhesion assay, we observed that BPA impaired podocyte adhesion, an effect that was abrogated by Tamoxifen (an estrogen receptor blocker). Genomic and proteomic analyses revealed that BPA affected the expression of several podocyte cytoskeleton and adhesion proteins. Western blot and immunocytochemistry confirmed the alteration in the protein expression of tubulin, vimentin, podocin, cofilin-1, vinculin, E-cadherin, nephrin, VCAM-1, tenascin-C, and ß-catenin. Moreover, we also found that BPA, while decreased podocyte nitric oxide production, it lead to overproduction of ion superoxide. In conclusion, our data show that BPA induced a novel type of podocytopathy characterizes by an impairment of podocyte adhesion, by altering the expression of adhesion and cytoskeleton proteins. Moreover, BPA diminished production of podocyte nitric oxide and induced the overproduction of oxygen-free metabolites. These data provide a mechanism by which BPA could participate in the pathogenesis and progression of renal diseases.


Asunto(s)
Compuestos de Bencidrilo/efectos adversos , Adhesión Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Adhesión Celular/genética , Enfermedades Renales/etiología , Fenoles/efectos adversos , Podocitos/metabolismo , Podocitos/fisiología , Células Cultivadas , Proteínas del Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Antagonistas de Estrógenos/farmacología , Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/genética , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Superóxidos/metabolismo , Tamoxifeno/farmacología , Tubulina (Proteína)/genética , Tubulina (Proteína)/metabolismo , Molécula 1 de Adhesión Celular Vascular/genética , Molécula 1 de Adhesión Celular Vascular/metabolismo , Vimentina/genética , Vimentina/metabolismo
3.
J Nerv Ment Dis ; 205(6): 458-465, 2017 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28319591

RESUMEN

The study aims to identify independent predictors of physical restraint in acute psychiatric patients and to determine the predictive power of a risk assessment model centered on psychopathological dimensions. We included 1552 patients admitted to a psychiatric intensive care unit over a 5-year period. Patients were rated on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS-E) at admission. Principal axis factoring (PAF) with varimax rotation was performed on BPRS-E items to identify psychopathological factors. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. PAF pointed six factors: positive symptoms, negative symptoms, resistance, activation, negative affect, and disorganization. Male sex, younger age, proposal for compulsory admission, severity of symptoms, resistance, activation, and disorganization were identified as independent predictors. Negative symptoms and negative affect were instead protective factors. The BPRS-E factors, when added to other sociodemographic and clinical variables, significantly increased the predictive power of the model. Our findings suggest that a systematic evaluation of the psychopathological dimensions can be usefully included in the early risk assessment of restraint.


Asunto(s)
Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica Breve/estadística & datos numéricos , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastornos Mentales/fisiopatología , Trastornos Mentales/terapia , Servicio de Psiquiatría en Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Restricción Física/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedad Aguda , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Modelos Estadísticos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Medición de Riesgo
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