Smoldering oncolysis by foamy virus carrying CD19 as a CAR target escapes CAR T detection by genomic modification.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have had limited success against solid tumors. Here, we used an oncolytic foamy virus (oFV) to display a model CAR target antigen (CD19) on tumors in combination with anti-CD19 CAR T cells. We generated oFV-Δbel2 and oFV-bel2 vectors to test the efficiency and stability of viral/CD19 spread. While both viruses conferred equal CAR T killing in vitro, the oFV-Δbel2 virus acquired G-to-A mutations, whereas oFV-bel2 virus had genome deletions. In subcutaneous tumor models in vivo, CAR T cells led to a significant decrease in oFV-specific bioluminescence, confirming clearance of oFV-infected tumor cells. However, the most effective therapy was with high-dose oFV in the absence of CAR T cells, indicating that CAR T clearance of oFV was detrimental. Moreover, in tumors that escaped CAR T cell treatment, resurgent virus contained deletions within the oFV-CD19 transgene, allowing the virus to escape CAR T elimination. Therefore, oFV represents a slow smoldering type of oncolytic virus, whose chronic spread through tumors generates anti-tumor therapy, which is abolished by CAR T therapy. These results suggest that further development of this oncolytic platform, with additional immunotherapeutic arming, may allow for an effective combination of chronic oncolysis.

Beyond the Classroom: The Influence of Food Insecurity, Mental Health, and Sleep Quality on University Students' Academic Performance.

We aimed to analyze the association between food insecurity (FI) and academic performance in university students, including mental health and sleep quality (SQ), in an association model. A cross-sectional design included university students (n = 466, 72.5% women) from Mexico. We applied the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale, the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Students self-reported their academic grading (AG) and perceptions about their academic performance. Spearman's rho and multiple logistic regression models were used. Almost half (47%) experienced some level of FI. The median AG was 95. AG was not significantly (p > 0.05) correlated with FI, nor with depression, anxiety, stress, and SQ. Considering mental health and SQ, moderate/severe FI remained significantly associated with perceived overall progress in college (OR: 2.96; 95%CI: 1.49, 5.88) and attendance to classes (OR:3.14; 95%CI: 1.19, 8.28) as poor or regular, and it was positively related to perceiving difficulties in completing their studies (OR:2.75; 95%CI: 1.43, 5.29). Stress, anxiety, depression symptoms, and poor SQ were also significantly associated with poor/regular perception of academic performance. These findings highlight the need to address psychological and nutritional factors in university students to promote their well-being and academic success.

Synthesis of the Novel N-(2-Hexadecynoyl)-l-Homoserine Lactone and Evaluation of Its Antiquorum Sensing Activity in Chromobacterium violaceum.

Chromobacterium violaceum is commonly found in soil and freshwater within tropical and subtropical regions. Although not a common occurrence, this bacterium has the potential to cause severe diseases in humans and animals, such as liver and lung abscesses and septicemia. Herein we report the synthesis of novel N-acyl homoserine lactones (HSLs) to evaluate their effectiveness as antiquorum sensing (anti-QS) agents in C. violaceum. The HSLs were prepared through three synthetic approaches, where hexanoic acid, decanoic acid, 6-decynoic acid, or 2-hexadecynoic acid (2-HDA) was treated with commercially available l-homoserine lactone (HSL) hydrobromide in either dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran in the presence of EDC and DMAP. The effectiveness of HSLs as anti-QS agents was assessed through susceptibility tests and violacein quantification. The most effective anti-QS inhibitor among all N-acyl-HSLs tested was the N-(2-hexadecynoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (HSL 4). Further experimental approaches, such as quantification of acyl-homoserine lactones and biofilm inhibitory tests, were carried out to determine the effect of HSL 4 on these QS-dependent mechanisms. These experiments showed that HSL 4 was highly effective at inhibiting the production of HSLs and biofilm in C. violaceum at 0.25, 0.50, and 1 mg/mL. In addition, the cytotoxicity activity was evaluated against Vero cells to determine the selectivity of HSL 4 as a nontraditional antibacterial agent. HSL 4 was not toxic against Vero cells at concentrations ranging from 0.0039 to 1 mg/mL. Molecular docking experiments were conducted to study the interactions between novel HSLs and CviR (PDB ID 3QP5), a receptor that plays a significant role in C. violaceum QS. In silico studies indicate that HSL 4 exhibits better interactions with Leu 72 and Gln 95 of the CviR binding pocket when compared to the other analogs. These results validate previous in vitro studies, such as susceptibility tests and violacein production assays. The findings above indicate that novel acetylenic HSLs may potentially be agents that combat bacterial communication and biofilm formation. However, further investigation is necessary to expand the spectrum of bacterial strains capable of resisting antibiotics through QS and evaluate the compounds' cytotoxicity in other cell lines.

Chlorella vulgaris-mediated bioremediation of food and beverage wastewater from industries in Mexico: Results and perspectives towards sustainability and circular economy.

The food and beverage industries in Mexico generate substantial effluents, including nejayote, cheese-whey, and tequila vinasses, which pose significant environmental challenges due to their extreme physicochemical characteristics and excessive organic load. This study aimed to assess the potential of Chlorella vulgaris in bioremediating these complex wastewaters while also producing added-value compounds. A UV mutagenesis treatment (40 min) enhanced C. vulgaris adaptability to grow in the effluent conditions. Robust growth was observed in all three effluents, with nejayote identified as the optimal medium. Physicochemical measurements conducted pre- and post-cultivation revealed notable reductions of pollutants in nejayote, including complete removal of nitrogen and phosphates, and an 85 % reduction in COD. Tequila vinasses exhibited promise with a 66 % reduction in nitrogen and a 70 % reduction in COD, while cheese-whey showed a 17 % reduction in phosphates. Regarding valuable compounds, nejayote yielded the highest pigment (1.62 mg·g-1) and phenolic compound (3.67 mg·g-1) content, while tequila vinasses had the highest protein content (16.83 %). The main highlight of this study is that C. vulgaris successfully grew in 100 % of the three effluents (without additional water or nutrients), demonstrating its potential for sustainable bioremediation and added-value compound production. When grown in 100 % of the effluents, they become a sustainable option since they don't require an input of fresh water and therefore do not contribute to water scarcity. These findings offer a practical solution for addressing environmental challenges in the food and beverage industries within a circular economy framework.

Hepatotoxicity as dose-limiting toxicity of the combination of bosutinib and atezolizumab in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Results of the ZEROLMC study.

In the field of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), new strategies are needed to increase the rate of successful treatment discontinuations, a crucial goal in this disease. Anti-PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors are a promising therapeutic approach in CML after the demonstration of an increase of these inhibitory molecules in patients with CML. A phase Ib/II (NCT04793399, registration date March 11, 2021) open-label exploratory trial has been conducted to evaluate the safety of atezolizumab, a humanized anti-PD-L1 antibody, in combination with bosutinib in patients with newly diagnosed chronic phase CML. A total of 36 patients were planned to be enrolled, but the study had to be prematurely terminated due to safety concerns. Nine patients were included in the study, and only 8 went on to receive the combination with atezolizumab. There were a total of 44 adverse events (AEs) during the study period. The most frequent were gastrointestinal (50%), mostly mild (86% grade 1-2). The most serious AEs were hepatic. There were 17 hepatic AEs in 5 patients. Of the hepatic AEs 5 were during the bosutinib monotherapy phase and 12 during the combination phase (AST increase x4, ALT increase x4, blood bilirubin increase x1, alkaline phosphatase elevation x2, GGT increase x2), most of them grade 3-4. There were 2 patients who presented a dose-limiting toxicity; a grade 3 elevation of transaminases, that led to premature termination of the study. The combination of atezolizumab with bosutinib presents hepatotoxicity as a dose-limiting effect and therefore we do not recommend to explore this combination in future studies.

Time to diagnosis in systemic lupus erythematosus: Associated factors and its impact on damage accrual and mortality. Data from a multi-ethnic, multinational Latin American lupus cohort.

BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) often mimics symptoms of other diseases, and the interval between symptom onset and diagnosis may be long in some of these patients. Aims: To describe the characteristics associated with the time to SLE diagnosis and its impact on damage accrual and mortality in patients with SLE from a Latin American inception cohort. METHODS: Patients were from a multi-ethnic, multi-national Latin-American SLE inception cohort. All participating centers had specialized lupus clinics. Socio-demographic, clinical/laboratory, disease activity, damage, and mortality between those with a longer and a shorter time to diagnosis were compared using descriptive statistical tests. Multivariable Cox regression models with damage accrual and mortality as the end points were performed, adjusting for age at SLE diagnosis, gender, ethnicity, level of education, and highest dose of prednisone for damage accrual, plus highest dose of prednisone, baseline SLEDAI, and baseline SDI for mortality. RESULTS: Of the 1437 included in these analyses, the median time to diagnosis was 6.0 months (Q1-Q3 2.4-16.2); in 721 (50.2%) the time to diagnosis was longer than 6 months. Patients whose diagnosis took longer than 6 months were more frequently female, older at diagnosis, of Mestizo ethnicity, not having medical insurance, and having "non-classic" SLE symptoms. Longer time to diagnosis had no impact on either damage accrual (HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.93-1.28, p = 0.300) or mortality (HR 1.37, 95% CI 0.88-2.12, p = 0.200). CONCLUSIONS: In this inception cohort, a maximum time of 24 months with a median of 6 months to SLE diagnosis had no apparent negative impact on disease outcomes (damage accrual and mortality).

Role of PATJ in stroke prognosis by modulating endothelial to mesenchymal transition through the Hippo/Notch/PI3K axis.

Through GWAS studies we identified PATJ associated with functional outcome after ischemic stroke (IS). The aim of this study was to determine PATJ role in brain endothelial cells (ECs) in the context of stroke outcome. PATJ expression analyses in patient's blood revealed that: (i) the risk allele of rs76221407 induces higher expression of PATJ, (ii) PATJ is downregulated 24 h after IS, and (iii) its expression is significantly lower in those patients with functional independence, measured at 3 months with the modified Rankin scale ((mRS) ≤2), compared to those patients with marked disability (mRS = 4-5). In mice brains, PATJ was also downregulated in the injured hemisphere at 48 h after ischemia. Oxygen-glucose deprivation and hypoxia-dependent of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α also caused PATJ depletion in ECs. To study the effects of PATJ downregulation, we generated PATJ-knockdown human microvascular ECs. Their transcriptomic profile evidenced a complex cell reprogramming involving Notch, TGF-ß, PI3K/Akt, and Hippo signaling that translates in morphological and functional changes compatible with endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT). PATJ depletion caused loss of cell-cell adhesion, upregulation of metalloproteases, actin cytoskeleton remodeling, cytoplasmic accumulation of the signal transducer C-terminal transmembrane Mucin 1 (MUC1-C) and downregulation of Notch and Hippo signaling. The EndMT phenotype of PATJ-depleted cells was associated with the nuclear recruitment of MUC1-C, YAP/TAZ, ß-catenin, and ZEB1. Our results suggest that PATJ downregulation 24 h after IS promotes EndMT, an initial step prior to secondary activation of a pro-angiogenic program. This effect is associated with functional independence suggesting that activation of EndMT shortly after stroke onset is beneficial for stroke recovery.

Rotavirus del grupo A circulantes en el Gran Buenos Aires durante los períodos pre- y post-vacunales / Vaccines against rotavirus and impact of their introduction in Argentina

[RESUMEN]. Hacia 2022, más de 100 países habían introducido una de las cuatro vacunas autorizadas para uso mundial contra rotavirus, sin embargo, según modelos matemáticos se estima que es poco probable que la reducción en mortalidad con vacunas orales supere el 40%. Esto se debe a que la mayoría de las muertes asociadas a RVA ocurren en países de ingresos bajos y medianos, donde la efectividad de estas vacunas es menor. Este problema de desempeño en medios de bajo nivel socio-económico, se verifica también en menor efectividad sobre morbilidad y duración de la protección. En este trabajo se discuten los posible factores involucrados en este bajo rendimiento relacionados al patógeno, el huésped y factores ambientales. En Argentina, la vacuna monovalente Rotarix® (GSK) ha sido incorporada en el Calendario Nacional en 2015, sin embargo, aún no existen estudios completos de efectividad. Las observaciones iniciales de nuestro grupo registran una disminución en el número de casos de gastroenteritis aguda requi- riendo hospitalización en el Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez (HNRG) a partir del 2015. Para los casos con diagnóstico específico de RVA la diferencia fue cada vez más significativa para los años 2016, 2017 y 2018 (p<<0,05). Comparando las medias anuales en los períodos pre y post vacunales se hallan valores de 104,7 para los años 2008-2014 y de 40,2 para los años 2015-2018 (p<0,05) lo que implica una disminución del 61,6%. También se hallaron diferencias a la baja en el número medio de internaciones por GEA por todas las causas del 19,6%.

[ABSTRACT]. By 2022, more than 100 countries had introduced one of the four vaccines authorized for global use against rotavirus; however, according to mathematical models, it is estimated that the reduction in mortality with oral vaccines is unlikely to exceed 40%. This is because the majority of RVA-associated deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries, where the effectiveness of these vaccines is lower. This performance problem in low socioeconomic environments is also verified in lower effectiveness on morbidity and duration of protection. In this work, the possible factors involved in this low performance related to the pathogen, the host and environmental factors are discussed. In Argentina, the monovalent Rotarix® (GSK) vaccine has been incorporated into the National Schedule in 2015, however, there are still no complete effectiveness studies. The initial observations of our group record a decrease in the number of cases of acute gastroenteritis requiring hospitalization at the Ricardo Gutiérrez Children's Hospital (HNRG) starting in 2015. For cases with a specific diagnosis of RVA, the difference was increasingly significant for the years 2016, 2017 and 2018 (p<<0.05). Comparing the annual averages in the pre- and post-vac- cine periods, values of 104.7 are found for the years 2008-2014 and 40.2 for the years 2015-2018 (p<0.05), which implies a decrease of 61. 6%. Downward differences were also found in the average number of hospitalizations for AGE due to all causes of 19.6%.

CARL y MPL en pacientes cubanos con trombocitemia esencial y mielofibrosis primaria / CARL and MPL in Cuban patients with essential thrombocythemia and primary mielofibrosi

Introducción: La trombocitemia esencial y la mielofibrosis primaria comparten la presencia de las mutaciones JAK2, CALR y MPL. En total, están presentes en poco más del 90 % de los pacientes con estas enfermedades. Objetivos: Determinar el comportamiento de las mutaciones más frecuentes en los genes MPL y CALR en pacientes cubanos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio ambispectivo, descriptivo y longitudinal en el Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología de Cuba, entre los años 2010 y 2020. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes con sospecha de trombocitemia esencial y de mielofibrosis primaria con muestras de ADN válidas. Se les identificaron las mutaciones CALR y MPL por PCR en tiempo real. Resultados: De los 53 pacientes estudiados, el 67,9 % fueron diagnosticados con trombocitemia esencial, el 22,6 % con mielofibrosis primaria. En el 90,6 % se pudo detectar alguna de las mutaciones conductoras; el 67,9 % fueron positivos a la mutación JAK2V617F, el 13,2 % a las mutaciones en el gen que codifica para la calreticulina y en el 9,4 % se identificaron mutaciones en el gen MPL. Conclusiones: El comportamiento de las mutaciones conductoras JAK2V617F, CALR y MPL en la muestra de pacientes cubanos con trombocitemia esencial y mielofibrosis primaria estuvo en correspondencia con lo descrito en la mayoría de las investigaciones.

Introduction: Essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis share the presence of JAK2, CALR and MPL mutations. In total, they comprise slightly more than 90 % of patients with these diseases. Objectives: To determine the behavior of the most frequent mutations in MPL and CALR genes in Cuban patients. Methods: An ambispective, descriptive and longitudinal study was performed at the Institute of Hematology and Immunology of Cuba, between 2010 and 2020. All patients with suspected essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis with valid DNA samples were included. CALR and MPL mutations were identified by real-time PCR. Results: Of the 53 patients studied, 67.9% were diagnosed with essential thrombocythemia, and 22.6% with primary myelofibrosis. In 90.6% it was possible to detect any of the driver mutations: 67.9% were positive for the JAK2V617F mutation, 13.2% for mutations in the gene coding for calreticulin and in 9.4% mutations in the MPL gene were identified. Conclusions: The behavior of the driver mutations JAK2V617F, CALR and MPL in the sample of Cuban patients with essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis was in correspondence with what is described in the majority of the investigations.

The Real-World Study of Immunogenicity and Safety of the Adjuvant Recombinant Vaccine against Varicella Zoster Virus in Patients with Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases Treated with Janus Kinase Inhibitors.

Background. The risk of herpes zoster reactivation is increased in immunocompromised patients, especially in those with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) on Janus kinase inhibitor (JAKi) treatment. The recombinant subunit herpes zoster vaccine (RZV) is a non-live vaccine, recently approved for this subgroup of patients, which shows high rates of vaccine effectiveness, with few adverse effects reported in clinical trials. Purpose. The aim of this real-world study was to determine the immunogenicity and safety of RZV in IMID patients on JAKi treatment. Methods. The increase in the concentration of anti-gE antibody for varicella zoster virus post-vaccination, compared to the pre-vaccination concentration, was analyzed to test the humoral immune response. Adverse effects after the first and second vaccine doses were registered. Results. In total, 49 patients were analyzed, and a fourfold increase in antibody concentration was achieved in almost 40% of subjects, with only one serious local adverse effect. Discussion. The resulting immunogenicity was lower than that observed in clinical trials, probably due to the presence of immune disease and immunosuppressive treatment, and to the fact that this was a real-world study. No differences in response according to age, previous virus zoster reactivation, or concomitant treatments were found. Conclusions. RZV was well tolerated and reached the immune response objective in 40% of patients. These results reinforce the importance of including RZV vaccination for immunosuppressed patients. Real-world studies regarding vaccine effectiveness are still needed in order to gain a full understanding of the response to RZV in this group of patients.

Estilos y enfoques de aprendizaje en estudiantes de Estomatología y relación con el rendimiento académico en Farmacología

Fundamento: los estilos y enfoques de aprendizaje permiten conocer cómo el estudiante enfrenta este proceso y el modo en que procesa la información que debe ser asimilada. Objetivo: identificar los estilos y enfoques de aprendizaje que utilizan estudiantes de Estomatología y su relación con el rendimiento académico en la disciplina Farmacología. Métodos: estudio descriptivo-transversal, con enfoque cualicuantitativo, realizado de noviembre 2021 a enero 2022. La muestra, no probabilística, fue de 28 estudiantes (90,3 %) de segundo año de la carrera de Estomatología impartida en la Facultad de Estomatología de La Habana. A los participantes se les aplicaron dos instrumentos: cuestionario Honey y Alonso sobre estilos de aprendizaje y cuestionario Enfoques e Inventario de Habilidades de Estudio de los Estudiantes. Las dimensiones del rendimiento académico fueron excelente, bueno, y regular. Resultados: predominó la preferencia muy alta/alta en el estilo teórico (67,86 %) y la preferencia moderada en el reflexivo (67,86 %). Se encontró relación significativa entre la cantidad de estilos de aprendizaje de preferencia muy alta/alta y el rendimiento académico (p=0,044), y entre el estilo reflexivo y el rendimiento académico (p=0,024). También, se encontró relación significativa entre el rendimiento académico y el enfoque de aprendizaje estratégico (p=0,008) y la preferencia por la transmisión de la información (p=0,028). Conclusiones: en los estudiantes existen estilos y enfoques de aprendizaje que se relacionan con el rendimiento académico en Farmacología; se muestran aspectos que se deben considerar para el mejoramiento del proceso docente de esta disciplina en Estomatología.

Foundation: the learning styles and approaches allow us to know how the student faces this process and the way in which they process the information that must be assimilated. Objective: to identify the learning styles and approaches used by Dentistry students and their relationship with academic performance in the Pharmacology discipline. Methods: a descriptive-cross-sectional study, with a qualitative-quantitative approach, carried out from November 2021 to January 2022. The non-probabilistic sample consisted of 28 students (90.3%) in the second year of the Dentistry course taught at the Havana Dentistry Faculty. Two instruments were applied to the participants: the Honey and Alonso questionnaire on learning styles and the Approaches and Inventory of Student Study Skills questionnaire. The dimensions of academic performance were excellent, good, and regular. Results: the very high/high preference predominated in the theoretical style (67.86%) and the moderate preference in the reflective style (67.86%). A significant relationship was found between the number of very high/high preference learning styles and academic performance (p=0.044), and between the reflective style and academic performance (p=0.024). Also, a significant relationship was found between academic performance and the strategic learning approach (p=0.008) and the preference for the transmission of information (p=0.028). Conclusions: there are learning styles and approaches among students that are related to academic performance in Pharmacology; Aspects that should be considered for the improvement of the teaching process of this discipline in Dentistry are shown.

Trap and ambush therapy using sequential primary and tumor escape-selective oncolytic viruses.

In multiple models of oncolytic virotherapy, it is common to see an early anti-tumor response followed by recurrence. We have previously shown that frontline treatment with oncolytic VSV-IFN-ß induces APOBEC proteins, promoting the selection of specific mutations that allow tumor escape. Of these mutations in B16 melanoma escape (ESC) cells, a C-T point mutation in the cold shock domain-containing E1 (CSDE1) gene was present at the highest frequency, which could be used to ambush ESC cells by vaccination with the mutant CSDE1 expressed within the virus. Here, we show that the evolution of viral ESC tumor cells harboring the escape-promoting CSDE1C-T mutation can also be exploited by a virological ambush. By sequential delivery of two oncolytic VSVs in vivo, tumors which would otherwise escape VSV-IFN-ß oncolytic virotherapy could be cured. This also facilitated the priming of anti-tumor T cell responses, which could be further exploited using immune checkpoint blockade with the CD200 activation receptor ligand (CD200AR-L) peptide. Our findings here are significant in that they offer the possibility to develop oncolytic viruses as highly specific, escape-targeting viro-immunotherapeutic agents to be used in conjunction with recurrence of tumors following multiple different types of frontline cancer therapies.

Caracterización epidemiológica de pacientes con COVID-19 en la Región Sanitaria de Francisco Morazán, Honduras / Epidemiological characterization of patients with COVID-19 in the Sanitary Region of Francisco Morazán, Honduras

Antecedentes: La infección por el virus SARS- CoV-2 causa la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 ( COVID-19). Objetivo: Caracterizar epidemiológicamente al paciente con COVID-19, Región Sanitaria Departamental de Francisco Morazán (RSDFM), Honduras, marzo 2020-enero 2021. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Incluyó n=11,401 usuarios a quienes se les realizó confirmación diagnóstica en la RSDFM. Se calculó incidencia general y mensual de COVID-19 como tasas por 10,000 habitantes, tasas de incidencia municipal (casos positivos/10,000) y tasa de letalidad (fallecidos/100 casos positivos). Resultados: Del total de 3,680 usuarios, el promedio de edad de los casos positivos fue 36.8 años (DS+/-17.9); sexo femenino 53.3% (1,962), procedencia Valle de Ángeles 20.4% (752). El nexo epidemiológico fue contacto con familiar o amigo positivo o fallecido por COVID-19 en 96.3% (3,544). La tasa general de incidencia fue 92.4/10,000. El municipio de Valle de Ángeles presentó la tasa de incidencia más elevada 366.1/10,000. La tasa de letalidad fue 1.8% (68/3680). Discusión: Los hallazgos de este estudio son compatibles con otros autores con respecto a las características epidemiológicas y sintomatología, identificando mayor riesgo de mortalidad en los individuos con edad ≥60 años (35/418 vs <60 años 32/3194; p=0.000, OR: 8.60, IC95%: 5.15-14.37), así como para el sexo masculino (48/1670 vs 20/1942; p=0.000, OR:2.79, IC95%: 1.61- 4.89). Los meses de mayor incidencia de casos en la RSDFM fueron los meses de junio a julio del 2020 y diciembre del 2020 a enero del 2021. Estudios de este tipo fortalecen el abordaje epidemiológico de las epidemias/pandemias...(AU)

Infección por SARS-CoV-2 y grupos sanguíneos en pacientes cubanos diagnosticados con la COVID-19 / SARS-Cov-2 Infection and Blood Groups in Cuban Patients Diagnosed with COVID-19

Introducción: Diferentes estudios han propuesto la relación entre los grupos sanguíneos del sistema ABO y la susceptibilidad a la COVID-19 y su importancia en el curso de la enfermedad. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia fenotípica de grupos sanguíneos ABO y RhD en un grupo de pacientes con infección activa por SARS-CoV-2. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y caso control en el Hospital Docente Clínico Quirúrgico Freyre Andrade de La Habana, para determinar la frecuencia fenotípica ABO y RhD en un grupo de pacientes con enfermedad activa por la COVID-19. Se estudiaron 928 muestras de sangre de pacientes con diagnóstico de COVID-19 y 1050 muestras pertenecientes a individuos sanos como grupo control. El grupo sanguíneo ABO y RhD se determinó por método de aglutinación en tubo con sueros hemoclasificadores anti-A, anti-B, anti-A+B, yanti-D. Los resultados fueron expresados en frecuencias absolutas y relativas y se determinó la asociación del grupo sanguíneo con la gravedad de la enfermedad por medio de la prueba no paramétrica de χ2 con un nivel de significación de p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: Se observó predominio del fenotipo O (49,24 por ciento) seguido del A (35,79 por ciento), B (12,68 por ciento) y AB (2,27 por ciento) respectivamente. Los fenotipos O y B presentaron significación estadística para la ocurrencia de la COVID-19, con valores de p < 0,05. No se encontró significación estadística en cuanto al predominio de un fenotipo particular y la necesidad de cuidados intensivos. Conclusiones: La relación del grupo sanguíneo ABO en la infectividad por SARS-CoV-2 y la gravedad de la enfermedad por la COVID-19 requiere estudios adicionales ya que los actuales no son concluyentes(AU)

Introduction: Different studies have proposed the relationship between the blood groups of ABO system and the susceptibility to COVID-19 and its importance in the course of the disease. Objective: To determine the phenotypic frequency of ABO and RhD blood groups in a group of patients with active SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, case-control study was conducted to determine the ABO and RhD phenotypic frequency in a group of patients with COVID-19 active disease. Nine hundred twenty eight blood samples and 1050 samples belonging to healthy individuals as control group were studied. The ABO and RhD blood group was determined by the tube agglutination method with anti-A, anti-B, anti-A+B, and anti-D blood classifying sera. The results were expressed in absolute and relative frequencies and the association of the blood group with the severity of the disease was determined by the non-parametric χ2 test with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Results: A predominance of phenotype O (49.24percent) was observed, followed by A (35.79percent), B (12.68percent) and AB (2.27percent) respectively. The O and B phenotypes showed statistical significance for the occurrence of COVID-19, with p values < 0.05. No statistical significance was found regarding the prevalence of a particular phenotype and the need for intensive care. Conclusions: The relationship of the ABO blood group in the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of the disease by COVID-19 requires additional studies, since the current ones are not conclusive(AU)