Multicolor Electrochemiluminescence of Binary Microcrystals of Iridium and Ruthenium Complexes.

We here report the multicolor electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of binary microcrystals prepared from a blue-emissive iridium complex 1 and an orange-emissive ruthenium complex 2. These materials display a plate-like morphology with high crystallinity, as demonstrated by microscopic and powder X-ray diffraction analyses. Under light excitation, these microcrystals exhibit gradient emission color changes as a result of the efficient energy transfer between two complexes. When modified on glass carbon electrodes, these microcrystals exhibit tunable ECLs with varied emission colors including sky-blue, white, orange, and red, depending the doping ratio of complex 2 and the applied potential. Furthermore, organic amines with different molecular sizes are used as the co-reactant to examine their influences on the ECL efficiency of the porous microcrystals of 1. The analysis on the luminance and RGB values of ECL suggests the existence of energy transfer in the generation of multicolor ECLs in these binary crystals.

Multimodal imaging to distinguish microvascular and morphological changes in retinal vein occlusion after intravitreal ranibizumab with or without triamcinolone acetonide injection.

BACKGROUND: The study was designed to investigate microvascular and morphological changes in retinal vein occlusion (RVO) using multimodal imaging after intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) with or without triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) injections. METHODS: This was a retrospective and observational study. Fifty patients (52 eyes) diagnosed with RVO were enrolled. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), ophthalmoscopy, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT), and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) were employed sequentially both before treatment and at the last visit after treatment. RESULTS: The mean logMAR VAs in BRVO eyes decreased significantly after treatment (P = 0.029). OCTA showed there was a significant difference in foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in BRVO eyes (P = 0.024), superificial foveal vessel density in both CRVO (P = 0.0004) and BRVO eyes (P = 0.02155). OCT showed the foveal thickness had significant differences after treatment in both CRVO (P < 0.0001) and BRVO eyes (P = 0.0001). BCVA was associated most commonly with ellipsoid zone integrity (P = 0.022). The BCVA in eyes treated with IVR and IVTA was significantly decreased compared with IVR only in BRVO group (P = 0.021). However, the combination of IVR + IVTA significantly improved intraocular pressure (IOP) compared with IVR only in BRVO group (P = 0.037). CONCLUSION: Both IVR and IVR + IVTA can significantly improve the central vision, macular structure, and functions in BRVO group. Simultaneous IVR with IVTA can significantly increase BCVA compared with IVR only in BRVO group.

Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers of tRNA-Derived Small RNAs in PBMCs for Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Purpose: This study aimed to reveal the altered expressions of transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and identify potential diagnostic biomarkers for nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Fifty-three patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled, including 25 patients with NPDR and 28 patients without diabetic retinopathy (DR) as the control group. A small RNA microarray was performed to screen the differentially expressed tsRNAs. Reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to validate the significantly altered tsRNAs in a screening cohort and a verification cohort. The target genes, their enriched functions, and signaling pathways were predicted by bioinformatics analyses. Results: In total, 668 upregulated and 485 downregulated tsRNAs were found in the NPDR group by microarray. Eight tsRNAs were validated preliminarily to be altered significantly by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and their target genes were enriched in cellular macromolecule metabolic process and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. The verification experiments confirmed the increased levels of 5'tiRNA-35-PheGAA-8, tRF3-28-PheGAA-1, and tRF3b-PheGAA-6, and the decreased levels of mt-tRF3-19-ArgTCG, mt-tRF3-20-ArgTCG, and mt-tRF3-21-ArgTCG in patients with NPDR, which may serve as potential biomarkers with clinical significance. Conclusions: The study recognized the tsRNA expression changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with NPDR and discovered potential diagnostic biomarkers that hold clinical significance. Translational Relevance: The significantly altered tsRNAs identified in the study may serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers for patients with NPDR as well as possible molecular targets of the occurrence and development of DR.

Team-, case-, lecture- and evidence-based learning in medical postgraduates training.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of team-, case-, lecture-, and evidence-based learning (TCLEBL) methods in cultivating students' clinical and research abilities, as compared to traditional lecture-based learning (LBL) approaches. METHODS: Forty-one medical postgraduates were divided into two groups, a TCLEBL group and an LBL group. Teaching effectiveness was evaluated through student- and teacher-feedback questionnaires, scores from theoretical examinations and written literature reviews, and student learning burdens. RESULTS: Compared to the LBL approach, both teachers and students were more satisfied with the TCLEBL model (p < 0.001 for both teachers and students). The TCLEBL group performed significantly higher on the theory test compared to the LBL group (p = 0.009). There were significant differences between the LBL and TCLEBL groups, respectively, in terms of literature review and citations (12.683 ± 2.207 vs. 16.302 ± 1.095, p < 0.001), argument and perspective (12.55 ± 1.572 vs. 16.333 ± 1.354, p < 0.001), comprehensiveness of content (13.3 ± 2.268 vs. 16.683 ± 1.344, p < 0.001), and scientific rigor and accuracy (10.317 ± 1.167 vs. 12.746 ± 0.706, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the total extracurricular time expended between the two groups (323.75 ± 30.987 min vs. 322.619 ± 24.679 min, respectively for LBL vs. TCLEBL groups, p = 0.898). CONCLUSIONS: TCLEBL is an effective teaching method that cultivates students' clinical and research abilities.

Upregulation of HMOX1 associated with M2 macrophage infiltration and ferroptosis in proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

The roles of immune cell infiltration and ferroptosis in the progression of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) remain unclear. To identify upregulated molecules associated with immune infiltration and ferroptosis in PDR, GSE60436 and GSE102485 datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Genes associated with immune cell infiltration were examined through Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and CIBERSORT algorithm. Common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were intersected with ferroptosis-associated and immune cell infiltration-related genes. Localization of cellular expression was confirmed by single-cell analysis of GSE165784 dataset. Findings were validated by qRT-PCR, ELISA, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. As a result, the infiltration of M2 macrophages was significantly elevated in fibrovascular membrane samples from PDR patients than the retinas of control subjects. Analysis of DEGs, M2 macrophage-related genes and ferroptosis-related genes identified three hub intersecting genes, TP53, HMOX1 and PPARA. qRT-PCR showed that HMOX1 was significantly higher in the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mouse model retinas than in controls. Single-cell analysis confirmed that HMOX1 was located in M2 macrophages. ELISA and western blotting revealed elevated levels of HMOX1 in the vitreous humor of PDR patients and OIR retinas, and immunofluorescence staining showed that HMOX1 co-localized with M2 macrophages in the retinas of OIR mice. This study offers novel insights into the mechanisms associated with immune cell infiltration and ferroptosis in PDR. HMOX1 expression correlated with M2 macrophage infiltration and ferroptosis, which may play a crucial role in PDR pathogenesis.

Multiple exposures to low-dose ionizing radiation induced the initiation and progression of pro-atherosclerotic phenotypes in mice and vascular endothelial cell damage.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of low-dose radiation on the abdominal aorta of mice and vascular endothelial cells. METHODS: Wild-type and tumor-bearing mice were exposed to 15 sessions of low-dose irradiation, resulting in cumulative radiation doses of 187.5, 375, and 750 mGy. The effect on the cardiovascular system was assessed. Immunohistochemistry analyzed protein expressions of PAPP-A, CD62, P65, and COX-2 in the abdominal aorta. Microarray technology, Gene Ontology analysis, and pathway enrichment analysis evaluated gene expression changes in endothelial cells exposed to 375 mGy X-ray. Cell viability was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit 8 assay. Immunofluorescence staining measured γ-H2AX levels, and real-time polymerase chain reaction quantified mRNA levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), ICAM-1, and Cx43. RESULTS: Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed thickening of the inner membranes and irregular arrangement of smooth muscle cells in the media membrane at 375 and 750 mGy. Inflammation was observed in the inner membranes at 750 mGy, with a clear inflammatory response in the hearts of tumor-bearing mice. Immunohistochemistry indicated increased levels of PAPP-A, P65, and COX-2 post-irradiation. Microarray analysis showed 425 up-regulated and 235 down-regulated genes, associated with processes like endothelial cell-cell adhesion, IL-6, and NF-κB signaling. Cell Counting Kit 8 assay results indicated inhibited viability at 750 mGy in EA.hy926 cells. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in γ-H2AX foci. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR results showed increased expression of IL6, ICAM-1, and Cx43 in EA.hy926 cells post 750 mGy X-ray exposure. CONCLUSION: Repeated low-dose ionizing radiation exposures triggered the development of pro-atherosclerotic phenotypes in mice and damage to vascular endothelial cells.

Lead helix winding tricuspid chordae tendineae: A case report.

BACKGROUND: As left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) is more like physiological pacing, LBBP has emerged as a novel pacing strategy that uses the native conduction system to improve ventricular synchronization with stable pacing parameters. LBBP has been revealed associated with a significantly reduced risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation and heart failure compared with conventional permanent pacemaker implantation. CASE SUMMARY: A 64-year-old man was admitted with a 24-h history of chest distress and shortness of breath, which continued unabated. The patient had no symptoms of chest pain, dizziness, syncope, nausea nor vomiting. There were no abnormalities found in routine examinations after admission. Twelve-lead electrocardiogram presented a result of 2:1 atrioventricular block. Coronary angiography was performed the next day and no abnormality was found. Finally, the patient agreed to received LBBP and signed the informed consent. During the process of withdrawing the Medtronic Model 3830 lead into sheath, we found the lead helix was wrapped around the chordae tendineae of the septal valve of tricuspid. Attempts to rotate the 3830 lead failed to release the lead helix from the chordae tendineae, and ultimately we used radiofrequency ablation to ablate the wrapped chordae tendineae. CONCLUSION: Radiofrequency ablation effectively solved this problem without complications. It is an effective and reliable method to resolve lead winding chordae.

Continuous positive airway pressure therapy might be an effective strategy on reduction of atrial fibrillation recurrence after ablation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: insights from the pooled studies.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an independent and modifiable risk factor in the initiation and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the effective of the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on AF patients with OSA after ablation is elusive. Methods: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were systematically searched up to February 1, 2023. Studies comprising the AF recurrence rate between the CPAP therapy group and non-CPAP therapy group for the AF patients with OSA were included. Meanwhile, trial sequential analysis (TSA) was conducted to adjust the lower statistical power and random error in this study. Subgroup analysis identified the potential determinants for the AF recurrence rate with CPAP therapy. Results: A total of eight studies including 1,231 AF patients with OSA were eligible. Compared with non-CPAP treatment group, CPAP treatment group was statistically associated with a lower AF recurrence rate (risk ratio [RR], 0.58; p = 0.000). TSA indicated the firm evidence favoring CPAP group for AF recurrence risk. Three significant intervention-covariate interactions for AF recurrence was identified, including study design, non-paroxysmal AF (PAF) proportion, and CPAP treatment strategy. Conclusion: Our study suggests that CPAP therapy might be an effective strategy on reducing AF recurrence post-ablation for AF patients with OSA. The CPAP treatment strategy and the non-PAF proportion might be the possible determinants on AF recurrence for AF patients with OSA after ablation. Clinical trial registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023398588, identifier (CRD42023398588).

[Heterocyclic compounds and phenolic glycosides from flowers of Dendrobium officinale].

Eight heterocyclic compounds and twelve phenolic glycosides were separated from the water extract of Dendrobium officinale flowers through chromatographic techniques, such as Diaion HP-20 macroporous adsorption resin column chromatography(CC), silica gel CC, ODS CC, Sephadex LH-20 CC, and preparative high performance liquid chromatography(PHPLC). According to the spectroscopic analyses(MS, ~1H-NMR, and ~(13)C-NMR) and optical rotation data, the compounds were identified as dendrofurfural A(1), 2'-deoxyadenosine(2), 4-[2-formyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl] butanoic acid(3), 4-[2-formyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl] butanoic acid(4), 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde(5), 5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde(6), methyl 5-(hydroxymethyl)-furan-2-carboxylate(7),(S)-5-hydroxymethyl-5H-furan-2-one(8), 2-methoxyphenyl-1-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside(9), arbutin(10), isotachioside(11), 2,6-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenol-1-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside(12), orcinol glucoside(13), tachioside(14), gastrodin(15), 4-O-ß-D-glucopyranosylvanillyl alcohol(16), 2,6-dimethoxy-4-hydroxymethylphenol-1-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside(17), icariside D_2(18), 4-formylphenyl-ß-D-glucopyranoside(19), and vanillin-4-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside(20). Among them, compound 1 is a new furfural benzyl alcohol condensate, with the skeleton first found in Dendrobium. Compounds 2-9, 11, 13, and 19 are reported from Dendrobium for the first time, and compounds 14 and 18 are reported for the first time from D. officinale. Compounds 11 and 14 showed moderate DPPH radical scavenging capacity, and compounds 11-14 demonstrated potent ABTS radical scavenging capacity, possessing antioxidant activity.

PERK Inhibition Suppresses Neovascularization and Protects Neurons During Ischemia-Induced Retinopathy.

Purpose: Retinal ischemia is a common cause of a variety of eye diseases, such as retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy, and vein occlusion. Protein kinase RNA-activated-like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase (PERK), one of the main ER stress sensor proteins, has been involved in many diseases. In this study, we investigated the role of PERK in ischemia-induced retinopathy using a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Methods: OIR was induced by subjecting neonatal pups to 70% oxygen at postnatal day 7 (P7) followed by returning to room air at P12. GSK2606414, a selective PERK inhibitor, was orally administrated to pups right after they were returned to room air once daily until 1 day before sample collection. Western blot, immunostaining, and quantitative PCR were used to assess PERK phosphorylation, retinal changes, and signaling pathways in relation to PERK inhibition. Results: PERK phosphorylation was prominently increased in OIR retinas, which was inhibited by GSK2606414. Concomitantly, PERK inhibition significantly reduced retinal neovascularization (NV) and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss, restored astrocyte network, and promoted revascularization. Furthermore, PERK inhibition downregulated the recruitment/proliferation of mononuclear phagocytes but did not affect OIR-upregulated canonical angiogenic pathways. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that PERK is involved in ischemia-induced retinopathy and its inhibition using GSK2606414 could offer an effective therapeutic intervention aimed at alleviating retinal NV while preventing neuron loss during retinal ischemia.

A novel transformer-based ECG dimensionality reduction stacked auto-encoders for arrhythmia beat detection.

BACKGROUND: Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a powerful tool for studying cardiac activity and diagnosing various cardiovascular diseases, including arrhythmia. While machine learning and deep learning algorithms have been applied to ECG interpretation, there is still room for improvement. For instance, the commonly used Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), reply on its previous state to update and is therefore ineffective for parallel computing. RNN also struggles to efficiently address the issue of long-distance reliance. PURPOSE: To reduce computational complexity by dimensionality reduction of ECG signals we constructed a Stacked Auto-encoders model using Transformer for ECG-based arrhythmia detection. And overcome the challenges of long-term dependencies and limited parallelizability in traditional RNNs when applied to ECG signal processing. METHODS: In this paper, a Transformer-Based ECG Dimensionality Reduction Stacked Auto-encoders model is proposed for ECG-based arrhythmia detection. The transformer is used to encode ECG signals into a feature matrix, which is then dimensionally reduced using unsupervised greedy training through the four linear layers. This resulted in a low-dimensional representation of ECG features, which are subsequently classified using support vector machines (SVM) to minimize overfitting. RESULTS: The proposed method is benchmarked on the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database. In the 10-fold cross validation of beat-based arrhythmia detection, the average accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and F1 score of the proposed method are 99.83%, 98.84%, 99.84% and 99.13%, respectively, for the record-based arrhythmia detection which refers to the approach where the training and testing sets use ECG data from independent recorded patients are 88.10%, 49.79%, 91.56% and 39.95%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to other existing ECG-based arrhythmia detection methods, our proposed approach exhibits improved detection accuracy and stronger generalization for arrhythmia beats. Additionally, the use of the record-based data division method makes our approach more suitable for clinical practice.

Antioxidant potential evaluation of polysaccharides from Camellia oleifera Abel in vitro and in vivo.

The extraction process, structural characterization and free radical scavenging ability of polysaccharides from Camellia oleifera have already been widely studied. However, the antioxidant activities are still lack of systematic experiments. In this study, we used Hep G2 cells and Caenorhabditis elegans to evaluate the antioxidant potential of polysaccharides that from C. oleifera flowers (P-CF), leaves (P-CL), seed cakes (P-CC) and fruit shells (P-CS). The results showed all these polysaccharides could protect cells from oxidative damage induced by t-BHP. The highest cell viabilities were 66.46 ± 1.36 % (P-CF), 55.2 ± 2.93 % (P-CL), 54.49 ± 1.29 % (P-CC) and 61.45 ± 1.67 % (P-CS), respectively. Studies have shown that four polysaccharides may protect cells from apoptosis by reducing ROS levels and maintaining MMP balance. Moreover, P-CF, P-CL, P-CC and P-CS increased the survival rate of C. elegans under thermal stress, which reduced the production of ROS by 56.1 ± 0.67 %, 59.37 ± 1.79 %, 16.63 ± 2.51 % and 27.55 ± 2.62 %, respectively. P-CF and P-CL showed stronger protective effects on C. elegans by increasing the nuclear entry rate of DAF-16 and stimulating the expression of SOD-3. Our study suggested that C. oleifera polysaccharides have the potential to develop into a natural supplement agent.

A cyanine dye probe for K+ detection based on DNA construction of G-quadruplex.

Potassium ion (K+) plays an important role in the maintenance of cellular biological process for human health. Thus, the detection of K+ is very important. Here, based on the interaction between thiamonomethinecyanine dye and G-quadruplex formation sequence (PW17), K+ detection spectrum was characterized by UV-Vis spectrometry. The single-stranded sequence of PW17 can fold into G-quadruplex in the presence of K+. PW17 can induce a dimer-to-monomer transition of the absorption spectrum of cyanine dyes. This method shows high specificity against some other alkali cations, even at high concentrations of Na+. Further, this detection strategy can realize the detection of K+ in tap water.

[A new bibenzyl derivative from stems of Dendrobium officinale].

Eleven compounds were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of the stems of Dendrobium officinale after water extraction by various modern chromatographic techniques, such as silica gel column chromatography(CC), octadecyl-silica(ODS) CC, Sephadex LH-20 CC, preparative thin layer chromatography(PTLC) and preparative high performance liquid chromatography(PHPLC). According to spectroscopic analyses(MS, 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR) combined with optical rotation data and calculated electronic circular dichroism(ECD), their structures were identified as dendrocandin Y(1), 4,4'-dihydroxybibenzyl(2), 3-hydroxy-4',5-dimethoxybibenzyl(3), 3,3'-dihydroxy-5-methoxybibenzyl(4), 3-hydroxy-3',4',5-trimethoxybibenzyl(5), crepidatin(6), alternariol(7), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxypropiophenone(8), 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxypropiophenone(9), auriculatum A(10) and hyperalcohol(11). Among them, compound 1 was a new bibenzyl derivative; compounds 2 and 7-11 have not been previously reported from Dendrobium plants; compound 6 was reported from D.officinale for the first time. Compounds 3-6 exhibited potent antioxidant activity with IC_(50) values of 3.11-9.05 µmol·L~(-1) in ABTS radical scavenging assay. Compound 4 showed significant inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase, with IC_(50) value of 17.42 µmol·L~(-1), indicating that it boasted hypoglycemic activity.

Clinic study on macular epiretinal membrane in patients under the age of 40 years.

BACKGROUND: To describe the risk factors and clinical characteristics of macular epiretinal membrane (MEM) disease in patients up to the age of 40 years and to evaluate the therapeutic effect of IVTA on MEM. METHODS: Clinical records were reviewed and the etiology of each case and the age distribution data were collected in this retrospective, cohort study. The clinical characteristics of MEM and the factors affecting VA were analyzed. Additionally, we contrasted the effects of MEM peeling with and without intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide on visual acuity (VA) and central foveal thickness (CFT). RESULTS: In young patients, the incidence of partial posterior vitreous detachment (P-PVD) was considerably higher in IMEM than SMEM (P = 0.007). Furthermore, patients with stage 3 MEM had lower BCVA values than patients with stage 4 MEM (P < 0.001). Patients who live in urban had lower BCVA values than patients in rural (P < 0.001). Patients with IS/OS integrity had lower BCVA values than patients without IS/OS integrity (P < 0.001). The BCVA values in patients with IMEM were significantly lower than those of patients with SMEM (P < 0.001). BCVA was associated most commonly with etiology (P = 0.001), followed by region (P = 0.002). All patients had a decrease in logMAR Vas and CFT, but the combination of intraoperative IVTA resulted in a more significant decrease in logMAR Vas (P = 0.007) and CFT (P = 0.046). CONCLUSION: In young patients, the incidence of P-PVD was significantly higher in IMEM cases than in SMEM cases. The region, MEM stage, IS/OS integrity, and etiology influenced VA. Etiology was associated most commonly with BCVA. In individuals under 40, the combination of intraoperative IVTA resulted in a more significant decrease in logMAR Vas and CFT.

Implementing a novel capture and ligation probe-PCR method in mass screen and treatment to support malaria elimination efforts in the China-Myanmar border region.

BACKGROUND: Mass screening and treatment (MSAT) for malaria elimination lacks an ideal diagnostic tool to allow sensitive and affordable test of the target population in the field. This study evaluated whether Capture and Ligation Probe-PCR (CLIP-PCR) could be used in a field MSAT in Laiza City, Myanmar. METHODS: On day 0, two dried blood spots were collected from each participant. On day 1, all samples were screened for Plasmodium in a 20 m2 laboratory with workbench, a biosafety cabinet, a refrigerator, a benchtop shaking incubator and a qPCR machine, by four technicians using CLIP-PCR with sample pooling, at a health clinic of the Chinese bordering town of Nabang. On day 2, all positives were followed up and treated. RESULTS: Of 15,038 persons (65% of the total population) screened, 204 (1.36%) were CLIP-PCR positives. Among them, 188, 14, and 2 were infected with Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, and P. vivax/P. falciparum mix, respectively. The testing capacity was 538 persons/day, with a cost of US$0.92 /person. The proportion of submicroscopic infection was 64.7%. All positive individuals received treatment within 72 h after blood collection. CONCLUSION: Using CLIP-PCR in MSAT in low transmission settings can support the malaria elimination efforts in the China-Myanmar border region.

Sequential Order-Aware Coding-Based Robust Subspace Clustering for Human Action Recognition in Untrimmed Videos.

Human action recognition (HAR) is one of most important tasks in video analysis. Since video clips distributed on networks are usually untrimmed, it is required to accurately segment a given untrimmed video into a set of action segments for HAR. As an unsupervised temporal segmentation technology, subspace clustering learns the codes from each video to construct an affinity graph, and then cuts the affinity graph to cluster the video into a set of action segments. However, most of the existing subspace clustering schemes not only ignore the sequential information of frames in code learning, but also the negative effects of noises when cutting the affinity graph, which lead to inferior performance. To address these issues, we propose a sequential order-aware coding-based robust subspace clustering (SOAC-RSC) scheme for HAR. By feeding the motion features of video frames into multi-layer neural networks, two expressive code matrices are learned in a sequential order-aware manner from unconstrained and constrained videos, respectively, to construct the corresponding affinity graphs. Then, with the consideration of the existence of noise effects, a simple yet robust cutting algorithm is proposed to cut the constructed affinity graphs to accurately obtain the action segments for HAR. The extensive experiments demonstrate the proposed SOAC-RSC scheme achieves the state-of-the-art performance on the datasets of Keck Gesture and Weizmann, and provides competitive performance on the other 6 public datasets such as UCF101 and URADL for HAR task, compared to the recent related approaches.

Integrated Analysis of Metabolomics and Lipidomics in Plasma of T2DM Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of blindness worldwide and may be non-proliferative (NPDR) or proliferative (PDR). To Investig.gate the metabolomic and lipidomic characteristics of plasma in DR patients, plasma samples were collected from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DR group) with PDR (n = 27), NPDR (n = 18), or no retinopathy (controls, n = 21). Levels of 54 and 41 metabolites were significantly altered in the plasma of DR patients under positive and negative ion modes, respectively. By subgroup analysis, 74 and 29 significantly changed plasma metabolites were detected in PDR patients compared with NPDR patients under positive and negative ion modes, respectively. KEGG analysis indicated that pathways such as biosynthesis of amino acids and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction were among the most enriched pathways in altered metabolites in the DR group and PDR subgroup. Moreover, a total of 26 and 41 lipids were significantly changed in the DR group and the PDR subgroup, respectively. The panel using the 29-item index could discriminate effectively between diabetic patients with and without retinopathy, and the panel of 22 items showed effective discrimination between PDR and NPDR. These results provide a basis for further research into the therapeutic targets associated with these metabolite and lipid alterations.