Diffusion of Technology in the Teaching of Neuroanatomy in Times of Pandemic: A Medical and Academic Perspective on Learning.

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused major changes in many sectors of society worldwide. The issue of medical education stands out since it had to adapt to the rules of social isolation, ensuing discussions about the computerization of teaching methodology, particularly in neuroanatomy. In particular, the latter showed satisfactory adaptability to new technologies and highly promising learning results. During this review, we aim to evaluate the current state of neuroanatomy teaching and evaluate the possibilities of incorporating technology into teaching-learning of human anatomy in a post-pandemic world.

Third Ventricle Craniopharyngioma Intraventricular Tumor: A Case Report and a Brief Literature Review.

Craniopharyngioma is a rare embryonic malformation, usually benign, of the sellar or parasellar regions. In this study, an uncommon case of third ventricle craniopharyngioma and a succinct review of its prevalence are presented. Even with low mortality rates, these injuries involve a high degree of endocrinological, visual, and neuropsychological morbidities, which have a huge impact on the patient's quality of life. Thus, surgical resection is the preferred therapy for tumors that compromise the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. However, due to the location of the craniopharyngioma, surgical management is accompanied by the risk of injury to important adjacent areas with postoperative repercussions. Therefore, the neurosurgeon's experience and the choice of the best surgical approach, are crucial for increasing prognosis.

Nasal Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma after Radiotherapy: Case Report

Introduction Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is a tumor originated from the epitheliumof the glandular excretory ducts and has highly variable biological potential. It is the most prevalent cancer of the salivary glands. The present report aims to describe a case of nasal mucoepidermoid carcinoma that developed after adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) treatment of a recurrent pituitary macroadenoma. Case Report Male patient, 62 years old, presented with recurrent nasal epistaxis on the right, associated with intense pulsatile headache, visual analogical scale (VAS) 10/10, with improvement only with the use of opioids andmorphine. After undergoing oncological screening and study by imaging exams, the presence of an expansive seal lesion with suprasellar extension was seen, involving the medial wall of the cavernous segment of the right carotid artery and the anterior cerebral artery, as well as the presence of a new expansive lesion in the right nasal cavity, with ethmoid bone invasion superiorly and medial orbit wall invasion laterally, compressing the ipsilateral optic nerve canal. Discussion Sinonasal neoplasms represent a small portion of all malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract, accounting for<5% of these neoplasms. The development of MEC involves risk factors such as occupational issues, history of trauma and surgery involving the nasal area, and radiation exposure, as in previous RT. Conclusion Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is an uncommon neoplasia and can be associated with RT treatment, as used in cases of recurrent pituitary macroadenoma. In general, surgical resection to obtain free margins of neoplastic tissue is the aimed treatment, seeking better prognosis.

Decompressive hemicraniectomy for acute ischemic stroke: A neurosurgical view in a pandemic COVID-19 time highlights of literature.

Background and purpose: The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which was identified after the outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, has kept the whole world in tenterhooks due to its severe life-threatening nature of the infection. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 a pandemic in 2020, an unprecedented challenge, having a high contagious life-threatening condition with unprecedented impacts for worldwide societies and health care systems. Neurologic symptoms related to SARS-CoV-2 have been described recently in the literature, and acute cerebrovascular disease is one of the most serious complications. The occurrence of large-vessel occlusion in young patients with COVID-19 infection has been exceedingly rare. In this article, we describe the profile of patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy for the treatment of intracranial hypertension by stroke associated with COVID-19 published so far. A narrative review of the central issue in focus was designed: decompressive craniectomy in a pandemic time.

The anatomy of the brain - learned over the centuries.

This article reports the evolution and consolidation of the knowledge of neuroanatomy through the analysis of its history. Thus, we propose to describe in a historical review to summarize the main theories and concepts that emerged throughout brain anatomy history and understand how the socio-historical context can reflect on the nature of scientific knowledge. Therefore, among the diverse scientists, anatomists, doctors, and philosophers who were part of this history, there was a strong influence of the studies of Claudius Galen (AD 129-210), Leonardo da Vinci (1452- 1519), Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564), Franciscus Sylvius (1614-1672), Luigi Rolando (1773-1831), Pierre Paul Broca (1824-1880), Carl Wernicke (1848-1905), Korbinian Brodmann (1868-1918), Wilder Penfield (1891-1976), Mahmut Gazi Yasargil (1925), and Albert Loren Rhoton Jr. (1932-2016) on the fundamentals of neuroanatomy.

Determinantes da judicialização da saúde: uma análise bibliográfica / Determinants of health judicialization: a bibliographical analysis / Determinantes de la judicialización de la salud: un análisis bibliográfico

Objetivo: a judicialização da saúde é um fenômeno multifacetado e requer a construção de caminhos que possibilitem a análise de fatores que, isolada ou conjuntamente, influenciam em sua constituição; assim, torna-se necessário identificar quais são os fatores apontados pela literatura científica nacional como causas da judicialização no campo da saúde. Metodologia: foi feita uma revisão integrativa de literatura, fundamentada no estudo exploratório-descritivo e bibliográfico de 101 publicações contidas na base de dados da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, usando cinco descritores compatíveis com a pesquisa, a saber: judicialização e saúde e Brasil; judicialização da saúde e Direito; judicialização e saúde e causas; judicialização e saúde e consequências; e judicialização e direito à saúde. Resultados: dos 101 artigos catalogados, 30 foram selecionados; tal amostra foi organizada em três categorias, a partir de sua temática: 14 artigos discutiam a judicialização da assistência farmacêutica; 10 artigos abordavam a judicialização do direito à saúde; e 6 artigos debatiam sobre a judicialização com ênfase nas práticas de gestão. Conclusão: ainda é incipiente a produção intelectual brasileira para a identificação e sistematização dos determinantes da judicialização. Contudo, foi possível identificar caminhos que permitiram uma leitura preliminar sobre a temática, que foram divididos em três categorias: judicialização da assistência farmacêutica; judicialização do direito à saúde; e judicialização e práticas de gestão

Objective: health judicialization is a multifaceted phenomenon; thus, it is necessary to identify what are the factors that cause this phenomenon in Brazilian scientific literature. Methods: it was conducted an integrative literature review, based on an exploratory-descriptive and bibliographic study of 101 publications available in Capes database. The search used 5 descriptors: judicialization and health and Brazil; health judicialization and law; judicialization and health and causes; judicialization and health and consequences; and judicialization and the right to health. Results: of a corpus of 101 articles, the authors selected 30, which were organized into three categories based on its theme: 14 articles discussed the judicialization of pharmaceutical assistance; 10 articles addressed the judicialization of the right to health; and 6 articles discussed judicialization with emphasis on management practices. Conclusion: Brazilian intellectual production is still incipient to identify and systematize the determinants of health judicialization. However, it was possible to have a preliminary understanding of the main themes, which were divided into three categories: the judicialization of pharmaceutical assistance, the judicialization of the right to health and the judicialization and management practices.

Objetivo: la judicialización de la salud es un fenómeno multifacético y requiere la construcción de caminos que permitan analizar los factores que, individualmente o en conjunto, inciden en su constitución; por tanto, se hace necesario identificar cuáles son los factores señalados por la literatura científica nacional como causas de judicialización en el campo de la salud. Metodología: se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura, a partir de un estudio exploratorio-descriptivo y bibliográfico de 101 publicaciones contenidas en la base de datos de la Coordinación para el Perfeccionamiento del Personal de Educación Superior, utilizando cinco descriptores compatibles con la investigación, a saber: judicialización y salud. y Brasil; judicialización de la salud y el derecho; judicialización y salud y causas; judicialización y salud y consecuencias; y judicialización y derecho a la salud. Resultados: de los 101 artículos catalogados, se seleccionaron 30; esta muestra se organizó en tres categorías, en función de su temática: 14 artículos discutieron la judicialización de la asistencia farmacéutica; 10 artículos abordaron la judicialización del derecho a la salud; y 06 artículos discutieron la judicialización con énfasis en las prácticas de gestión. Conclusión: la producción intelectual brasileña es aún incipiente para la identificación y sistematización de los determinantes de la judicialización. Sin embargo, fue posible identificar caminos que permitieron una lectura preliminar sobre el tema, que se dividió en tres categorías: la primera, judicialización de la asistencia farmacéutica, seguida de la judicialización del derecho a la salud y finalmente, judicialización y prácticas de gestión.