[Anterior and posterior chambers interrelation in patients with glaucoma associated with myopia].

In examination of patients with glaucoma associated with high myopia (6.5 - 10.0 dpt) aged 18-32 years old we used ultrasound biomicroscopy and gonioscopy. The main group was subdivided into 3 smaller groups: the 1st one (12 eyes) contained patients with pretrabecular angle block, 2nd (18 eyes--with trabecular angle block, 3rd (7 eyes)--with partial posterior chamber block and iris root prolapse. 27 emmetropic patients with POAG and 10 myopic eyes with normal IOP served as controls. Comparative analysis showed that one of the most significant factors of POAG pathogenesis in high myopic eyes is congenital and acquired changes in anterior and posterior chambers interrelation.

[To a relationship of the clinical course of myopia to the specific features of the physical development of children and adolescents].

Two hundred and seventy-six school children (552 eyes) with mild myopia and 340 with emmetropia (a control group) were examined. In addition to the conventional ophthalmological studies, the authors monitored blood pressure, by measuring mean systolic and mean diastolic pressures and using rheoencephalography, color Doppler mapping of orbital vessels, anthropometry, and somatotyping. The studies established a relationship between the progressive pattern of acquired myopia and the poor physical development of children and adolescents (30% or more muscle bulk reductions as compared with that in children with stabilized myopia in the control group). Systemic hypotension and lowered and insufficient cerebral and blood flow were ascertained to contribute to progressive myopia.

[Influence of some vascular factors on the progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy in patients with hypertensive disease].

The study deals with the association of visual functions in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in the presence of hypertensive disease (HD) with the parameters of systemic, cerebral, and orbital hemodynamic autoregulation. A hundred and fifteen patients with POAG and HD were examined. In POAG patients with normalized intraocular pressure concurrent with HD, visual functions were ascertained to depend on the degree of impaired systemic, cerebral, and ocular hemodynamic autoregulation rather than the magnitude of blood pressure elevation.

[Association of clinical and laboratory parameters in peripheral uveitis].

Integrated ophthalmological and immunobiochemical studies were performed in 64 patients aged 7 to 17 years who had a 2-to-8-year history of peripheral uveitis (PU), the results of which could identify 3 forms of the clinical course of PU: 1) ciliary; 2) vitreous, and 3) vitreoretinal. Immunological changes along with inhibited redox processes were ascertained to affect the degree of destructive vitreoretinal pathology in PU. It was found that there might be a long-term course of the ciliary form without transition to the other forms of PU.

[The hemodynamics of the eye and the biochemical parameters in patients with hypertensive disease].

Systemic, cerebral, and orbital hemodynamics and the levels of lipids, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) were studied in 324 patients with hypertensive disease (HD). Patients with grades 1 and 2 HD were found to present eye abnormalities as retinal angiopathy (87.3%), chronic optic neuropathy (8.3%), macular dystrophy (2.4%), and sequels of thrombosis of the central retinal vein or its branches (1.9%). The authors identified hypercholesterolemia, a 12% reduction in SOD, and a 7% increase in HbA(1c); in early-stage ophthalmopathology - in retinal angiopathy, as well as in macular dystrophy, the blood levels of cholesterol was 1.5 times greater that the normal values, SOD and HbA(1c) were decreased by 40 and 54%, respectively, along with reduced linear blood flow velocity in the central retinal artery. The decreased index of cerebrovascular vasomotor responsiveness by the ischemic and dyscirculatory type plays an important part in the development of optic neuropathy.

[Role of neurophysiological mechanisms in pathogenesis of optic nystagmus]. / Rol' neirofiziologicheskikh mekhanizmov v patogeneze opticheskogo nistagma.

54 children aged 6-14 years with optic nystagmus were examined. They were divided into two groups. Patients of group 1 (n = 26) had isolated nystagmus while 28 patients of group 2 had nystagmus and concomitant ocular pathology. It was found out that visual deterioration was mainly related with the damage of the central part of visual analyzer. This was confirmed by alteration of contrast-frequency characteristics in the range of high frequencies, decline of amplitude and the alpha-rythm nebulosity in combination with high-amplitude fusiform oscillations. These data point to an impaired process in the formation of correlation between cortical areas and cerebral subcortical structures.

[The relationship of the indices of intracranial collateral circulation to variants in the clinical course of acquired high myopia]. / O vzaimosviazi pokazatelei intrakranial'nogo kollateral'nogo krovoobrashcheniia s variantami klinicheskogo techeniia priobretennoi blizorukosti vysokoi stepeni.

Relationship between visual functions, status of the fundus oculi, electrophysiological parameters, morphodensitometric parameters of the intraorbital part of the optic nerve, and linear bloodflow velocity (LBV) in intracranial vessels is studied in 78 patients (156 eyes) with acquired high myopia. A less than 20% decrease of LBV in intracranial vessels correlates with high visual functions. A more than 40% decrease of LBV in the anterior, median, and posterior arteries of intracranial collateral circulation correlates (r = 0.56) with the presence of central and peripheral chorioretinal dystrophy. A more than 40% decrease of LBV in the basal, vertebral, and posterior cerebral arteries of transcranial collateral circulation closely correlates (r = 0.7) with signs characteristic of partial optic nerve atrophy. The development of complications of acquired high myopia apparently depends on the deficiency of various components of collateral cerebral circulation.

[Clinical variants of glaucoma in patients with acquired high myopia]. / Klinicheskie raznovidnosti glaukomy u lits s priobretennoi blizorukost'iu vysokoi stepeni.

Examinations of 88 glaucoma patients with high myopia showed three variants of glaucoma: 1) mixed form with combination of nuclear cataract and lenticular myopia, 2) open-angle form with ischemic background cerebral circulation (ocular circulation deficiency combined with a decrease in linear velocity of the bloodflow in the intracranial collateral cerebral circulation: to 21.8% in the anterior cerebral artery, to 26.1% in the middle cerebral artery, and to cerebral artery (by 8.3%) and in the orbital artery (by 4.2%). Clinical values indicate impeded venous outflow. Differential diagnostic signs of glaucoma in high myopia are defined.

[Eyeball shape in children with emmetropia and myopia]. / Forma glaznogo iabloka u detei pri émmetropii i blizorukosti.

In order to determine the eyeball shape, the authors have carried out ultrasonic biometry of its three major parameters, the anteroposterior axis (APA), horizontal diameter (HD), and vertical diameter (VD), and estimated the ratios of these values (APA/HD and APA/VD) in children with emmetropia (234 eyes) and those with slight and medium-grave myopia (660 eyes), aged 7 to 14. The findings evidence a compressed ellipsoidal shape of the eyeball, presenting as a vertical oval, in all subjects with emmetropic refraction, whatever their age. In myopia the eyeball shape transforms, and all the eyeball sizes are increased, but the APA size is growing more rapidly than the rest sizes, and the eyeball acquires the ball shape with a trend to an elongated ellipsoidal shape. The mean APA length in 7-14-year-old children with emmetropia was up to 23 +/- 0.15 mm, whereas in those with the ball shape of the eyeball it was distended.