Reprogramming induced by isoliquiritigenin diminishes melanoma cachexia through mTORC2-AKT-GSK3ß signaling.

Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), a member of the flavonoids, is known to have anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. The effect of ISL on reprogramming in cancer cells, however, remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the effect of ISL on reprogramming in human melanoma A375 cells. ISL (15 µg/ml) significantly inhibited A375 cell proliferation, anchorage independent cell proliferation and G2/M cell cycle arrest after ISL exposure for 24 h. However, there were no significant changes in apoptosis rate. Terminal differentiation indicators (melanin content, melanogenesis mRNA expression, tyrosinase (TYR) activity) were all up-regulated by ISL treatment. In ISL-treated cells, glucose uptake, lactate levels and mRNA expression levels of GLUT1 and HK2 were significantly decreased, and accompanied by an increase in O2 consumption rate (OCR) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) deficiency. Protein expression levels of mTORC2-AKT-GSK3ß signaling pathway components (mTOR, p-mTOR, RICTOR, p-AKT, p-GSK3ß) decreased significantly after ISL treatment. Co-treatment of ISL and the mTOR-specific inhibitor Ku-0063794 had a synergistic effect on the inhibition of proliferation, and increased melanin content and TYR activity. Glucose uptake and lactate levels decreased more significantly than treatment with ISL alone. These findings indicate that ISL induced reprogramming in A375 melanoma cells by activating mTORC2-AKT-GSK3ß signaling.

Synthesis and characterization of liquid crystalline polyester/graphene and a study of their properties.

A new rod-like thermotropic liquid crystalline polyester (TLCP) material and its nanocomposites based on different concentrations of graphene were synthesized by in-situ high-temperature solution polymerization. The resulting nanocomposites were characterized using XRD, microscopic analysis (POM, SEM, and TEM), spectroscopic analysis (FT-IR, UV-Vis, and fluorescence), and thermal analysis (TGA and DSC). The XRD and POM methods showed that the composite materials exhibited only the nematic phase. The TEM images revealed that the graphene were distributed in the polymer with sizes ranging from 100 to 200 nm. The absorption spectroscopy data showed that the electronic properties of graphene were mostly retained without damaging their two-dimensional electronic properties, together with the analysis of the maximum absorption spectrum and concentration of the composites in terms of the Lambert-Beer law. The fluorescence from the TLCP moiety was almost completely quenched and red shifted by graphene, indicating that the linkage mode facilitated effective energy and electron transfer between the rod-like TLCP and the extended pi-system of graphene. Therefore, this novel nanocomposite material exhibits excellent thermal properties based on the thermogravimetric analysis.

Adsorption of Zn(II) on dialdehyde m-phenylenediamine starch.

A new chelating material dialdehyde m-phenylenediamine starch (DASMPA) was synthesized by reacting m-phenylenediamine with dialdehyde starch. The obtained material was characterized by element analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra. The FT-IR of DASMPA showed an absorption peak at 1605.95 cm(-1) indicating the formation of a Schiff base (C=N). Adsorption activity of DASMPA for Zn(2+) was also investigated in terms of contact time, pH, the initial Zn(II) concentration and temperature, the results revealed that pH = 5, t = 1 h were the optimal conditions. With the degree of substitution (DS) of the DASMPA increased, the adsorption capacity increased gradually. The adsorption equilibrium data correlated well with Freundlich isotherm. Moreover, lower temperature was preferable for the process as it was exothermic.