Dimeric ent-kauranoids isolated from Isodon japonica var. Glaucocalyx and their anti-inflammatory activities.

The phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Isodon japonica var. glaucocalyx afforded four undescribed (glaucocalyxin O-R, 1-4) and six known ent-kauranoids (5-10). Their structures were established using NMR and MS measurements. Compounds 1 and 2 are dimeric ent-kaurane-type diterpenoids. Moreover, the plausible biogenetic pathways for compounds 1 and 2 were proposed as Michael addition between two monomers. Eight compounds were assayed for their anti-inflammatory activity by evaluating NO production in LPS-induced RAW 267.4 cells, and compounds 7, 8 and 9 exhibited relatively remarkable anti-inflammatory activities at 10 µM.

Eighteen iridoids from the roots and rhizomes of Valeriana jatamansi and their protective effects against α-hemolysin.

Thirteen previously undescribed iridoids (1-13), together with five known iridoids (14-18) were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Valeriana jatamansi Jones. Their structures with absolute configurations were elucidated by analysis of MS, NMR, optical rotation and their experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. All of the isolated compounds were tested for their protective effects against α-hemolysin-induced cell death in A549 cells. Compounds 14, 16 and 17 showed moderate protective effects, and compounds 15 and 18 showed weak protective effects.

Five undescribed abietane-type diterpenes of Callicarpa macrophylla.

A phytochemical investigation of the medicinal plant Callicarpa macrophylla resulted in the characterization of two rare rearrangement abietane-type diterpenoids, macrophypene F-G (1-2), and three abietane diterpenoids, named macrophypene H-J (3-5). Additionally, five known diterpenoids (6-10) were identified. The structures of the newly discovered compounds were fully established through extensive analysis of HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR data. The absolute configurations of the isolated compounds were determined using CD comparison, chemical methods, and X-ray crystal diffraction experiments. Subsequently, all isolated diterpenoids were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on extracellular PCSK9 protein levels by PCSK9 AlphaLISA screening. Jiadfenoic acid B (6, 56.80% inhibition at 20 µM) and holophyllin F (10, 43.18% inhibition at 20 µM) significantly decreased PCSK9 protein levels in medium of HepG2 cells.

Calysepins I-VII, Hexasaccharide Resin Glycosides from Calystegia sepium and Their Cytotoxic Evaluation.

Seven new hexasaccharide resin glycosides, named calysepins I-VII (1-7), with 27-membered rings, were obtained from the aerial parts of Calystegia sepium. Their structures with absolute configuration were established on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation analysis and the use of chemical methods. They were defined as hexasaccharides composed of one d-quinovose, four d-glucose, and one l-rhamnose unit, and their sugar moieties were partially acylated by (2S)-methylbutanoic acid in 1-7 and (2R,3R)-nilic acid in 1-5 and 7, which mainly differed at the positions of acylation. Additionally, calysepin IV (4) exhibited cytotoxicity against A549 cells with an IC50 value of 5.2 µM.