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Benefiting from high energy density of ultrahigh-nickel cathode materials and good safety of PEO-based electrolytes, PEO-based ultrahigh-nickel solid-state lithium batteries (SLMBs) are considered to be new-generation energy storage devices. However, the incompatibility of ultrahigh-nickel cathode materials and PEO-based electrolytes is the main challenge due to serious interfacial side reactions. Therefore, the modification of the cathode/electrolyte interface is crucial. Herein, the residual lithium on the surface of LiNi0.9Co0.06Mn0.04O2 is utilized to construct an interfacial coating layer by reacting with H3BO3. The in situ formed xLi2O-B2O3 coating layer (LBO1-NCM) with high ionic conductivity can be regulated with different crystal structures during the sintering process. Besides, an all-solid-state three-electrode cell is fabricated, which verifies that the xLi2O-B2O3 coating can effectively stabilize the interface. Astonishingly, uneven Li anode deposition is observed in SLMBs, which is caused by the breakage of PEO molecular chains due to the strong oxidation of the cathode, while this crosstalk is also suppressed by the xLi2O-B2O3 coating layer. Consequently, Li|PEO|LBO1-NCM achieves a substantially improved electrochemical performance, exhibiting 90.5% of capacity retention after 100 cycles for the coin cell and 80.3% of capacity retention after 200 cycles for the pouch cell. Apparently, the targeted modification of interfaces should be paid as much attention as electrolyte optimization in SLMBs.
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The matching of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based electrolytes with ultrahigh-nickel cathode materials is crucial for designing new-generation high-energy-density solid-state lithium metal batteries (SLMBs), but it is limited by serious interfacial side reactions between PEO and ultrahigh-nickel materials. Here, a high-concentration electrolyte (HCE) interface with a customized Li+ solvation sheath is constructed between the cathode and the electrolyte. It induces the formation of an anion-regulated robust cathode/electrolyte interface (CEI), reduces the unstable free-state solvent, and finally achieves the compatibility of PEO-based electrolytes with ultrahigh-nickel cathode materials. Meanwhile, the corrosion of the Al current collector caused by lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) ions is prevented by lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB) ions. The synergistic effect of the double lithium salt is achieved by a well-tailored ratio of TFSI- and DFOB- in the first solvation sheath of Li+. Compared with reported PEO-based SLMBs matched with ultrahigh-nickel (Ni ≥ 90%) cathodes, the SLMB in this work delivers a high discharge specific capacity of 216.4 mAh g-1 (0.1C) even at room temperature. This work points out a direction to optimize the cathode/electrolyte interface.
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The importance of synergy has been underscored in recent medical research for augmenting the efficacy of therapeutic interventions, targeting multiple biological pathways simultaneously. Our prior research elucidated that Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide (DOP) has the potential to prolong the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) via regulating gut microbiota. Concurrently, spermidine (Spd), as a mimicking caloric restriction, facilitates autophagy and exerts a pronounced anti-aging effect. To enhance the anti-aging capabilities of DOP, we conducted a comprehensive study examining the combined effects of DOP and Spd in C. elegans, incorporating metabolomics analysis to investigate the underlying mechanisms. A combination of 250 mg/L DOP and 29.0 mg/L Spd yielded the most favorable outcomes in lifespan extension, evidencing a synergistic effect with a combination index (CI) of 0.65. In oxidative and heat stress tolerance assays, the observed CIs were 0.50 and 0.33, respectively. Metabolomic analysis highlighted significant alterations in metabolites related to lipid, nucleotide and energy metabolism, notably regulating glycerol 3-phosphate, linoleoyl glycerol, docosapentaenoic acid and ß-nicotinamide mononucleotide, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. The effects of DS on lipid metabolism were further validated using Oil Red O staining and triglyceride level in C. elegans. The results indicated that DS may primarily be via modulating lipid metabolism. To further confirm these findings, a high-fat diet-induced mouse model was employed. Consequently, it can be inferred that the synergistic anti-aging impact of DOP and Spd is likely mediated primarily through alterations in lipid metabolic processes.
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Investigating the mechanism of positron annihilation in liquid-scintillator based neutrino experiments could be helpful for positron reconstruction algorithms and positron-electron discrimination analysis. Based on this, we utilize a novel positron annihilation lifetime spectrometer to characterize a series of liquid scintillator samples without direct contact with the positron source by applying the anti-coincidence method, which facilitates the measurement of liquids with high accuracy and low background. We obtain an ortho-positronium (o-Ps) lifetime value of 3.02 ns for liquid scintillators composed of linear alkylbenzene and two solutes, and we also measure liquid scintillator samples by bubbling different gases to study the interaction of oxygen dissolved with positronium. The discussion of the annihilation behavior of o-Ps in liquid scintillators further clarify the factors affecting the lifetime and intensity of o-Ps, and the calculation of annihilation rate and free volume radius within the samples has potential applications in characterizing gas solubility and free volume in liquids with o-Ps as probe.
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A copper porphyrin-derived metal-organic framework electrocatalyst, FICN-8, was synthesized and its catalytic activity for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) was investigated. FICN-8 selectively catalyzed electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO in anhydrous acetonitrile electrolyte. However, formic acid became the dominant CO2RR product with the addition of a proton source to the system. Mechanistic studies revealed the change of major reduction pathway upon proton source addition, while catalyst-bound hydride (*H) species was proposed as the key intermediate for formic acid production. This work highlights the importance of electrolyte composition on CO2RR product selectivity.
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CO2 electroreduction (CO2RR) to generate valuable chemicals in acidic electrolytes can improve the carbon utilization rate in comparison to that under alkaline conditions. However, the thermodynamically more favorable hydrogen evolution reaction under an acidic electrolyte makes the CO2RR a big challenge. Herein, robust metal phthalocyanine(Pc)-based (M = Ni, Co) conductive metal-covalent organic frameworks (MCOFs) connected by strong metal tetraaza[14]annulene (TAA) linkage, named NiPc-NiTAA and NiPc-CoTAA, are designed and synthesized to apply in the CO2RR in acidic electrolytes for the first time. The optimal NiPc-NiTAA exhibited an excellent Faradaic efficiency (FECO) of 95.1% and a CO partial current density of 143.0 mA cm-2 at -1.5 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode in an acidic electrolyte, which is 3.1 times that of the corresponding metal-organic framework NiPc-NiN4. The comparison tests and theoretical calculations reveal that in-plane full π-d conjugation MCOF with a good conductivity of 3.01 × 10-4 S m-1 accelerates migration of the electrons. The NiTAA linkage can tune the electron distribution in the d orbit of metal centers, making the d-band center close to the Fermi level and then activating CO2. Thus, the active sites of NiPc and NiTAA collaborate to reduce the *COOH formation energy barrier, favoring CO production in an acid electrolyte. It is a helpful route for designing outstanding conductive MCOF materials to enhance CO2 electrocatalysis under an acidic electrolyte.
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Because of the high specific capacity and low cost, Ni-rich layered oxide (NRLO) cathodes are one of the most promising cathode candidates for the next high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries. However, they face structure and interface instability challenges, especially the battery safety risk caused by using an intrinsic flammable organic liquid electrolyte. In this regard, a solid electrolyte with high safety is of great significance to promote the development of energy storage. Among them, sulfide electrolytes are considered to be the most potential substitutes for liquid electrolytes because of their high ionic conductivity and good processing properties. Nevertheless, the interfacial incompatibility between the sulfide electrolyte and NRLO cathode is the critical challenge for high-performance sulfide all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). In this review, we summarize the problems of the Ni-rich cathode/sulfide solid electrolyte interface and the strategies to improve the interface stability. On the basis of these insights, we highlight the scientific problems and technological challenges that need to be resolved urgently and propose several potential directions to further improve the interface stability. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive understanding and insightful recommendations for the enhancement of the sulfide ASSLBs with NRLO cathode.
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Optical path length (OPL) noise resulting from stray light significantly constrains interferometry displacement measurements in the low-frequency band. This paper presents an analytical model considering the presence of stray light in heterodyne laser interferometers. Due to the cyclic nonlinear coupling effect, there will be some special OPLs of stray light, minimizing the frequency-mixing impact to zero. Consequently, we propose a noise suppression scheme that locks the OPL of stray light at the zero coupling point. Therefore, we significantly enhanced the interference displacement measurement noise within the low-frequency band. Experimental results show that the interferometer achieves a displacement noise level lower than 6 pm/Hz1/2 covering 1 mHz.
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Throughout the life span of a host, bifidobacteria have shown superior colonization and glycan abilities. Complex glycans, such as human milk oligosaccharides and plant glycans, that reach the colon are directly internalized by the transport system of bifidobacteria, cleaved into simple structures by extracellular glycosyl hydrolase, and transported to cells for fermentation. The glycan utilization of bifidobacteria introduces cross-feeding activities between bifidobacterial strains and other microbiota, which are influenced by host nutrition and regulate gut homeostasis. This review discusses bifidobacterial glycan utilization strategies, focusing on the cross-feeding involved in bifidobacteria and its potential health benefits. Furthermore, the impact of cross-feeding on the gut trophic niche of bifidobacteria and host health is also highlighted. This review provides novel insights into the interactions between microbe-microbe and host-microbe.
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Bifidobacterium , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Homeostasis , Polisacáridos , Humanos , Bifidobacterium/metabolismo , Bifidobacterium/fisiología , Polisacáridos/metabolismo , Interacciones Microbiota-Huesped , Animales , FermentaciónRESUMEN
Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to multicarbon (C2+) products with added value represents a promising strategy for achieving a carbon-neutral economy. Precise manipulation of the catalytic interface is imperative to control the catalytic selectivity, particularly toward C2+ products. In this study, a unique Cu/UIO-Br interface is designed, wherein the Cu(111) plane is co-modified simultaneously by Br and O from UIO-66-Br support. Such Cu/UIO-Br catalytic interface demonstrates a superior Faradaic efficiency of ≈53% for C2+ products (ethanol/ethylene) and the C2+ partial current density reached 24.3 mA cm-2 in an H-cell electrolyzer. The kinetic isotopic effect test, in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations have been conducted to elucidate the catalytic mechanism. The Br, O co-modification on the Cu(111) interface enhanced the adsorption of CO2 species. The hydrogen-bond effect from the doped Br atom regulated the kinetic processes of *H species in CO2RR and promoted the formation of *COH intermediate. The formed *COH facilitates the *CO-*COH coupling and promotes the C2+ selectivity finally. This comprehensive investigation not only provides an in-depth study and understanding of the catalytic process but also offers a promising strategy for designing efficient Cu-based catalysts with exceptional C2+ products.
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BACKGROUND: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disease caused by reflux of gastric contents to the esophagus. Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) are recommended as a first-line therapy to treat GERD. Recently, the potassium-competitive acid inhibitors have been increasingly in use in clinical practice. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of P-CABs in GERD. METHODS: We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Web Of Science for publications regarding randomized controlled trials comparing potassium-competitive acid inhibitors to PPI monotherapy or Placebo with respect to efficacy and safety in GERD (until April 2023). The primary outcome was an absence or global symptom improvement and the incidence of adverse events in GERD. The quality of the included literature was assessed using the bias assessment tool recommended in the Cochrane Systematic Assessor's Handbook 5.1.0. We use RevMan 5.3 software for Meta-analysis, sensitivity analysis and publication bias analysis. RESULTS: Of the 991 screened studies, 14 studies including 4868 participants were analyzed. The ORs for the healing rates of GERD with P-CABs versus PPI/Placebo were 2.10 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.53-2.88), additionally, 1.09 (95% CI 1.05-1.14), 1.03 (95% CI 1.00-1.06) and 1.03 (95% CI 0.99-1.06) in Weeks 2, 4, and 8, respectively. The effectiveness rate of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (RR 1.73; 95% CI 1.27-2.36). The overall OR of Incidence of adverse events with P-CABs versus PPI/Placebo was 1.08 (95% CI 0.88-1.12). Overall, the risk of bias was low to some concerns. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the study's conclusion. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that potassium-competitive acid inhibitors is non-inferior to PPIs as therapy for patients with GERD. The safety outcomes for potassium-competitive acid inhibitors are similar to those for PPIs.
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Reflujo Gastroesofágico , Inhibidores de la Bomba de Protones , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Inhibidores de la Bomba de Protones/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de la Bomba de Protones/efectos adversos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of perineural invasion (PNI) diagnosis in cervical cancer, and to analyze the impact of PNI on the prognosis and postoperative adjuvant treatment decisions for cervical cancer. METHODS: A retrospective pathological review of PNI in cervical cancer was conducted from 2004 to 2016 in 15 hospitals. RESULTS: This study included a total of 1208 cases, comprising 273 cases with PNI and 935 cases without. The false positive rate and false negative rate of PNI diagnosis were 5.35% (50/935) and 33.33% (91/273), respectively. Adenocarcinoma, deep stromal invasion, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) (+), and margin involvement were independent risk factors for PNI. Both 5-year overall survival rate (OS) and 5-year disease-free survival rate (DFS) of PNI group were worse than non-PNI group. PNI was an independent risk factor for 5-year OS and 5-year DFS. In cases receiving standard postoperative adjuvant treatment, among those with two intermediate-risk factors, both 5-year OS and DFS were worse in the PNI group. Among cases with three intermediate-risk factors or at least one high-risk factor, there was no difference in 5-year OS between the two groups, but 5-year DFS was worse in the PNI group. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of PNI in cervical cancer was not accurate. Adenocarcinoma, deep stromal invasion, LVSI, and margin involvement were independent risk factors for PNI. PNI was an independent risk factor for 5-year OS and DFS. PNI has the potential to serve as a new high-risk factor, thus providing guidance for postoperative adjuvant therapy.
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Adenocarcinoma , Invasividad Neoplásica , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino , Humanos , Femenino , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/patología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/terapia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Adenocarcinoma/terapia , Nervios Periféricos/patología , Tasa de Supervivencia , Pronóstico , Factores de Riesgo , Anciano , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Márgenes de Escisión , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , Histerectomía , Quimioterapia AdyuvanteRESUMEN
Inorganic solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) play a vital role in high-energy all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). However, the current method of SSE preparation usually involves high-energy mechanical ball milling and/or a high-temperature annealing process, which is not suitable for practical application. Here, a facile strategy is developed to realize the scalable synthesis of cost-effective aluminum-based oxyhalide SSEs, which involves a self-propagating method by the exothermic reaction of the raw materials. This strategy enables the synthesis of various aluminum-based oxyhalide SSEs with tunable components and high ionic conductivities (over 10-3â S cm-1 at 25 °C) for different cations (Li+, Na+, Ag+). It is elucidated that the amorphous matrix, which mainly consists of various oxidized chloroaluminate species that provide numerous sites for smooth ion migration, is actually the key factor for the achieved high conductivities. Benefit from their easy synthesis, low cost, and low weight, the aluminum-based oxyhalide SSEs synthesized by our approach could further promote practical application of high-energy-density ASSBs.
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Open Cu sites were loaded to the UiO-67 metal-organic framework (MOF) skeleton by introduction of flexible Cu-binding pyridylmethylamine (pyma) side chains to the biphenyldicarboxylate linkers. Distance between Cu centers in the MOF pores was tuned by controlling the density of metal-binding side chains. "Interacted" Cu-pair or "isolated" monomeric Cu sites were achieved with high and low (pyma)Cu side chain loading, respectively. Spectroscopic and theoretical studies indicate that "interacted" Cu pairs can effectively bind and activate molecular dioxygen to form Cu2O2 clusters, which showed high catalytic activity for aerobic oxidative C-N coupling. On the contrary, MOF catalyst bearing isolated monomeric Cu sites only showed modest catalytic activity. Enhancement in catalytic performance for the Cu-pair catalyst is attributed to the remote synergistic effect of the paired Cu site, which binds molecular dioxygen and cleaves the OâO bond in a collaborative manner. This work demonstrates that noncovalently interacted metal-pair sites can effectively activate inert small molecules and promote heterogeneous catalytic processes.
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Oral poisoning can trigger diverse physiological reactions, determined by the toxic substance involved. One such consequence is hyperchloremia, characterized by an elevated level of chloride in the blood and leads to kidney damage and impairing chloride ion regulation. Here, we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide analysis to investigate genes or proteins linked to hyperchloremia. Our analysis included functional enrichment, protein-protein interactions, gene expression, exploration of molecular pathways, and the identification of potential shared genetic factors contributing to the development of hyperchloremia. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that oral poisoning owing hyperchloremia is associated with 4 proteins e.g. Kelch-like protein 3, Serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK4, Serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK1 and Cullin-3. The protein-protein interaction network revealed Cullin-3 as an exceptional protein, displaying a maximum connection of 18 nodes. Insufficient data from transcriptomic analysis indicates that there are lack of information having direct associations between these proteins and human-related functions to oral poisoning, hyperchloremia, or metabolic acidosis. The metabolic pathway of Cullin-3 protein revealed that the derivative is Sulfonamide which play role in, increasing urine output, and metabolic acidosis resulted in hypertension. Based on molecular docking results analysis it found that Cullin-3 proteins has the lowest binding energies score and being suitable proteins. Moreover, no major variations were observed in unbound Cullin-3 and all three peptide bound complexes shows that all systems remain compact during 50 ns simulations. The results of our study revealed Cullin-3 proteins be a strong foundation for the development of potential drug targets or biomarker for future studies.
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Cloruros , Proteínas Cullin , Humanos , Acidosis , Biomarcadores , Cloruros/efectos adversos , Cloruros/toxicidad , Proteínas Cullin/metabolismo , Halógenos , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/metabolismo , Proteína Quinasa Deficiente en Lisina WNK 1/metabolismoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: WeChat-based education and care program serves as a promising nursing method for relieving mental stress in parents of pediatric patients. This study purposed to explore the influence of the WeChat education and care program (WECP) on mental health, insomnia, and general state of health in parents of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. METHODS: Totally, 146 parents of 73 primary pediatric ALL patients were randomized into the WECP group (74 parents of 37 patients) and standard care (SC) group (72 parents of 36 patients) to receive a 6-month corresponding intervention. Self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), Athens insomnia scale (AIS), and 12-item general health questionnaire (GHQ-12) were assessed in parents of patients. RESULTS: SAS scores at the third month (M3) (P = 0.041) and M6 (P = 0.032) were reduced in WECP group versus SC group. SAS-defined anxiety rate at M6 (P = 0.035) was declined in WECP group versus SC group. SDS score at M6 was descended in WECP group versus SC group (P = 0.024). However, there was no discrepancy in SDS-defined depression rate at any time point between groups (all P > 0.05). AIS scores at M1 (P = 0.015) and M6 (P = 0.021), as well as GHQ-12 scores at M3 (P = 0.007) and M6 (P = 0.001) were decreased in WECP group versus SC group. By subgroup analyses, WECP exhibited good effects at M6 in mothers, but not in fathers. CONCLUSION: WECP is a feasible and efficacy intervention to improve mental stress and health status among parents of pediatric ALL patients, especially in mothers.
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Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño , Humanos , Niño , Depresión/terapia , Depresión/psicología , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/terapia , Ansiedad/terapia , Ansiedad/psicología , Padres/psicología , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/terapiaRESUMEN
Numerous studies have indicated a connection between psychiatric symptoms, specifically anxiety and depression, and gastroesophageal reflux. However, the precise nature of the link between the severity of gastroesophageal reflux disease and the severity of anxiety and depression remains uncertain. Here, we gathered 24-h pH monitoring data and baseline patient information from a cohort of 518 individuals. Additionally, we evaluated their psychological well-being using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The relationship between baseline characteristics and varying degrees of anxiety, depression, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) was assessed using R software version 4.1.3 and logistic regression models. The findings indicate a statistically significant variation in anxiety levels based on gender, as well as a significant disparity in depression groups when considering age and literacy levels. Kruskal-Wallis test analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the severity of anxiety and depression and the 24-h pH monitoring results in our patient cohort. As the anxiety and depression levels increased, the rank mean for each examination result also increased. Logistic regression modeling analysis showed that a higher anxiety level was associated with a higher level of GERD. In the presence of mild anxiety, there is a statistically significant association with a higher incidence of GERD with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.64 (95% CI 1.50, 4.64). Similarly, the moderately severe anxiety group also exhibits a causal relationship with an increased GERD incidence, with an OR of 6.84 (95% CI 3.92, 12.17). Additionally, moderate to severe depression is associated with a higher incidence of GERD, with an OR of 2.32 (95% CI 1.23, 4.37). The prevalence of GERD was greater among males compared to females (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.51-3.49). Additionally, an elevated body mass index (BMI) demonstrated a positive correlation with the susceptibility to GERD (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.14). Increasing age may promote the occurrence of GERD in patients. These findings may help to provide a better basis for psychological or pharmacological interventions for GERD patients with psychosomatic symptoms in the future, and provide a reference basis for clinical treatment of the disease.
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Depresión , Reflujo Gastroesofágico , Masculino , Femenino , Humanos , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Modelos Logísticos , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/complicaciones , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/epidemiología , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/diagnóstico , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Ansiedad/psicología , Trastornos de Ansiedad/complicacionesRESUMEN
Scrub typhus may be one of the world's most prevalent, neglected and serious, but easily treatable, febrile diseases. It has become a significant potential threat to public health in China. In this study we used national disease surveillance data to analyze the incidence and spatial-temporal distribution of scrub typhus in mainland China during 1952-1989 and 2006-2018. Descriptive epidemiological methods and spatial-temporal epidemiological methods were used to investigate the epidemiological trends and identify high-risk regions of scrub typhus infection. Over the 51-year period, a total of 182,991 cases and 186 deaths were notified. The average annual incidence was 0.13 cases/100,000 population during 1952-1989. The incidence increased sharply from 0.09/100,000 population in 2006 to 1.93/100,000 population in 2018 and then exponentially increased after 2006. The incidence was significantly higher in females than males (χ2 = 426.32, P < 0.001). Farmers had a higher incidence of scrub typhus than non-farmers (χ2 = 684.58, P < 0.001). The majority of cases each year were reported between July and November with peak incidence occurring during October each year. The trend surface analysis showed that the incidence of scrub typhus increased gradually from north to south, and from east and west to the central area. The spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that a spatial positive correlation existed in the prevalence of scrub typhus on a national scale, which had the characteristic of aggregated distribution (I = 0.533, P < 0.05). LISA analysis showed hotspots (High-High) were primarily located in the southern and southwestern provinces of China with the geographical area expanding annually. These findings provide scientific evidence for the surveillance and control of scrub typhus which may contribute to targeted strategies and measures for the government.
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Tifus por Ácaros , Masculino , Femenino , Humanos , Tifus por Ácaros/epidemiología , Estaciones del Año , Análisis Espacial , Incidencia , China/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Herein, we propose an oxygen-containing species coordination strategy to boost CO2 electroreduction in the presence of O2. A two-dimensional (2D) conjugated metal-covalent organic framework (MCOF), denoted as NiPc-Salen(Co)2-COF that is composed of the Ni-phthalocyanine (NiPc) unit with well-defined Ni-N4-O sites and the salen(Co)2 moiety with binuclear Co-N2O2 sites, is developed and synthesized for enhancing the CO2RR under aerobic condition. In the presence of O2, one of the Co sites in the NiPc-Salen(Co)2-COF that coordinated with the intermediate of *OOH from ORR could decrease the energy barrier of the activation of CO2 molecules and stabilize the key intermediate *COOH of the CO2RR over the adjacent Co center. Besides, the oxygen species axially coordinated Ni-N4-O sites can favor in reducing the energy barrier of the intermediate *COOH formation for the CO2RR. Thus, NiPc-Salen(Co)2-COF exhibits high oxygen-tolerant CO2RR performance and achieves outstanding CO Faradaic efficiency (FECO) of 97.2 % at -1.0â V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and a high CO partial current density of 40.3â mA cm-2 at -1.1â V in the presence of 0.5 % O2, which is superior to that in pure CO2 feed gas (FECO=94.8 %, jCO=19.9â mA cm-2). Notably, the NiPc-Salen(Co)2-COF achieves an industrial-level current density of 128.3â mA cm-2 in the flow-cell reactor with 0.5 % O2 at -0.8â V, which is higher than that in pure CO2 atmosphere (jCO=104.8â mA cm-2). It is worth noting that an excellent FECO of 86.8 % is still achieved in the presence of 5 % O2 at -1.0â V. This work provides an effective strategy to enable the CO2RR under O2 atmosphere by utilizing the *OOH intermediates of ORR to boost CO2 electroreduction.
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Bipolar organics fuse the merits of n/p-type redox reactions for better Zn-organic batteries (ZOBs), but face the capacity plafond due to low density of active units and single-electron reactions. Here we report multielectron redox-bipolar tetranitroporphyrin (TNP) with quadruple two-electron-accepting n-type nitro motifs and dual-electron-donating p-type amine moieties towards high-capacity-voltage ZOBs. TNP cathode initiates high-kinetics, hybrid anion-cation 10e- charge storage involving four nitro sites coordinating with Zn2+ ions at low potential and two amine species coupling with SO4 2- ions at high potential. Consequently, Zn||TNP battery harvests high capacity (338â mAh g-1), boosted average voltage (1.08â V), and outstanding energy density (365â Wh kg-1 TNP). Moreover, the extended π-conjugated TNP macrocycle achieves anti-dissolution in electrolytes, prolonging the battery life to 50,000â cycles at 10â A g-1 with 71.6 % capacity retention. This work expands the chemical landscape of multielectron redox-bipolar organics for state-of-the-art ZOBs.