Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of heterologous immunization against SARS CoV-2 using Sputnik V, ChAdOx1-S, BBIBP-CorV, Ad5-nCoV, and mRNA-1273.

Heterologous vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) provides a rational strategy to rapidly increase vaccination coverage in many regions of the world. Although data regarding messenger RNA (mRNA) and ChAdOx1 vaccine combinations are available, there is limited information about the combination of these platforms with other vaccines widely used in developing countries, such as BBIBP-CorV and Sputnik V. Here, we assess the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of 15 vaccine combinations in 1,314 participants. We evaluate immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-spike response and virus neutralizing titers and observe that a number of heterologous vaccine combinations are equivalent or superior to homologous schemes. For all cohorts in this study, the highest antibody response is induced by mRNA-1273 as the second dose. No serious adverse events are detected in any of the schedules analyzed. Our observations provide rational support for the use of different vaccine combinations to achieve wide vaccine coverage in the shortest possible time.

Evaluación de la función renal para la detección y seguimiento de la enfermedad renal crónica. Documento multidisciplinario de consenso 2021. Especial atención sobre situaciones clínicas específicas / Evaluation of renal function for the detection and follow-up of chronic kidney disease. Multidisciplinaryconsensus document 2021. Special attention to specific clinical situations

Resumen El filtrado glomerular (FG) se considera el mejor índice para evaluar la función renal en la práctica clínica. Recientemente, ha ganado popularidad la utilización de ecuaciones que estiman el FG, en distintas poblaciones, a partir de los niveles séricos de algunos biomarcadores. Sin embargo, no todas las fórmulas han sido validadas en los diversos escenarios clínicos probables. Las sociedades participantes: Sociedad Argentina de Nefrología, Asociación Bioquímica Argentina, Fundación Bioquímica Argentina y Confederación Unificada Bioquímica de la República Argentina, integradas por nefrólogos y bioquímicos, realizaron un consenso actualizado sobre la utilización del FG como herramienta de detección de la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) en la Argentina. Se analizó la bibliografía existente y, teniendo en cuenta aspectos de nuestra realidad sanitaria, se establecieron sugerencias para su utilización. Se actualizaron las indicaciones del uso del FG medido. En sucesivos capítulos se puso foco en distintos estados del FG en diversas poblaciones y situaciones. En los estados de reducción del FG, se mencionaron tanto los fisiológicos propios del envejecimiento, como los determinados por situaciones patológicas, por ejemplo, el observado en la ERC avanzada o el determinado en aquellos pacientes que recibieron un trasplante renal. Se revisaron, por otro lado, las situaciones de incremento del FG, como las observadas en el embarazo o en la obesidad. Se refirieron, asimismo, las limitaciones de la estimación del FG, se reconoció su valor en situaciones de la práctica clínica habitual, o en contextos epidemiológicos definidos y se sugirieron las ecuaciones más adecuadas para su utilización en cada caso.

Abstract The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is considered the best index to assess the renal function in clinical practice. Recently, the use of equations to estimate GFR in different populations, based on the serum levels of some biomarkers, has gained popularity. However, not all the equations have been validated in the various likely clinical scenarios. Thus, the participating societies, i.e. the Argentine Society of Nephrology, the Argentine Association of Biochemistry, the Argentine Foundation of Biochemistry, and the Unified Confederation of Biochemistry of Argentina, composed of nephrologists and biochemists, have established an updated consensus on the use of the GFR as a tool for the detection of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Argentina. The consensus was established on the basis of the analysis of the existing literature and taking into account aspects of the health situation in Argentina. Suggestions for the use of the GFR were made, and the indications for its use were updated. The successive chapters of the consensus consider different values of the GFR in different populations and situations. The different situations considered and reviewed include cases of a decrease in the GFR, such as the physiological one related to aging and that related to pathological situations, as observed in advanced CKD or in patients who have received a kidney transplant, as well as cases of an increase in the GRF, such as that observed in pregnancy or obesity. The consensus also mentions the advantages and limitations of the estimation of the GFR in situations of usual clinical practice or in specific epidemiological contexts, and the most appropriate equations for its use in each case is suggested.

Resumo A filtração glomerular (FG) é considerada o melhor índice para avaliar a função renal na prática clínica. Recentemente, a utilização de equações que calculam a FG, em diferentes populações, ganhou popularidade a partir dos níveis séricos de alguns biomarcadores. Entretanto, nem todas as fórmulas têm sido validadas nos diversos cenários clínicos prováveis. As sociedades participantes: Sociedade Argentina de Nefrologia, Associação Bioquímica Argentina, Fundação Bioquímica Argentina e Confederação Unificada Bioquímica da República Argentina, integradas por nefrologistas e bioquímicos, realizaram um consenso atualizado sobre a utilização da FG, como ferramenta de detecção da doença renal crônica (DRC) na Argentina. Foi analisada a bibliografia existente e, considerando aspectos da nossa realidade sanitária, foram estabelecidas sugestões para sua utilização. Foram atualizadas as indicações do uso da FG medida. Em sucessivos capítulos se colocou o foco em diferentes estados da FG em populações e situações diversas. Nos estados de redução da FG, foram mencionados tanto os fisiológicos próprios do envelhecimento, quanto os determinados por situações patológicas, por exemplo, aquele observado na DRC avançada ou o determinado naqueles pacientes que receberam um transplante renal. Por outra parte, foram revistas as situações de aumento da FG como as observadas na gravidez ou na obesidade. Foram referidas, também, as limitações da estimativa da FG, foi reconhecido o seu valor em situações da prática clínica habitual, ou em contextos epidemiológicos definidos e se sugeriram equações mais adequadas para sua utilização em cada caso.

Sputnik V vaccine elicits seroconversion and neutralizing capacity to SARS-CoV-2 after a single dose.

Massive vaccination offers great promise for halting the global COVID-19 pandemic. However, the limited supply and uneven vaccine distribution create an urgent need to optimize vaccination strategies. We evaluate SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses after Sputnik V vaccination of healthcare workers in Argentina, measuring IgG anti-spike titers and neutralizing capacity after one and two doses in a cohort of naive or previously infected volunteers. By 21 days after receiving the first dose of the vaccine, 94% of naive participants develop spike-specific IgG antibodies. A single Sputnik V dose elicits higher antibody levels and virus-neutralizing capacity in previously infected individuals than in naive ones receiving the full two-dose schedule. The high seroconversion rate after a single dose in naive participants suggests a benefit of delaying administration of the second dose to increase the number of people vaccinated. The data presented provide information for guiding public health decisions in light of the current global health emergency.

Data set of dissolved major and trace elements from the lacustrine systems of Clearwater Mesa, Antarctica.

This article presents analytical observations on physicochemical parameters and major and trace element concentrations of water, ice, and sediment samples from the lake systems of Clearwater Mesa (CWM), northeast Antarctic Peninsula. Geochemical analyses include inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for cations and trace elements and ion chromatography for anions. Some figures are included (i.e. Piper and Gibbs diagrams) which indicate water classification type and rock-water interactions in CWM, respectively. It also contains PHREEQC software output, listing the chemical speciation for dissolved elements, Saturation Indexes (SI), and modelling outputs. Each lake SI are also illustrated in a figure. Finally, total organic and inorganic carbon (TOC and TIC, respectively) were determined for bottom lake sediments and marginal salt samples. This information will be useful for future research assessing the impacts of anthropogenic pollution and the effects of climate change, providing insights into naturally occurring geochemical processes in a pristine environment, and evaluating geochemical behaviour of dissolved elements in high-latitude hydrological systems. These data correspond to the research article "Dissolved major and trace geochemical dynamics in Antarctic Lacustrine Systems" [1].

Dissolved major and trace geochemical dynamics in Antarctic lacustrine systems.

Clearwater Mesa (James Ross Island, northeast Antarctic Peninsula) provides a unique opportunity to study solute dynamics and geochemical weathering in the pristine lacustrine systems of a high latitude environment. In order to determine major controls on the solute composition of these habitats, a geochemical survey was conducted on 35 lakes. Differences between lakes were observed based on measured physico-chemical parameters, revealing neutral to alkaline waters with total dissolved solids (TDS) < 2500 mg L-1. Katerina and Trinidad-Tatana systems showed an increase in their respective TDS, total organic carbon values, and finner sediments from external to internal lakes, indicating an accumulation of solutes due to weathering. Norma and Florencia systems exhibited the most diluted and circumneutral waters, likely from the influence of glacier and snow melt. Finally, isolated lakes presented large variability in TDS values, indicating weathering and meltwater contributions at different proportions. Trace metal abundances revealed a volcanic mineral weathering source, except for Pb and Zn, which could potentially indicate atmospheric inputs. Geochemical modelling was also conducted on a subset of connected lakes to gain greater insight into processes determining solute composition, resulting in the weathering of salts, carbonates and silicates with the corresponding generation of clays. We found CO2 consumption accounted for 20-30% of the total species involved in weathering reactions. These observations allow insights into naturally occurring geochemical processes in a pristine environment, while also providing baseline data for future research assessing the impacts of anthropogenic pollution and the effects of climate change.