Management of peritoneal hydatid cysts: A fourty-year experience.

BACKGROUND: Hydatid disease is a global problem. We report our experience with such cases where the dominant cysts were located outside the liver and lungs. In particular, these cysts were found in the peritoneum which is an uncommon location. METHODS: Between 1967 and 2007 a total of 34 patients were operated for primary or secondary peritoneal cysts. Most of the patients were asymptomatic or had atypical symptoms. The diagnosis was based on the preoperative history, rupture of the cysts, serology, ultrasound (USS) and computer tomography (CT). Open surgery was the procedure of choice with conservative (18 cysts) and radical (25 cysts) methods. RESULTS: The outcome of surgery was good without postoperative mortality or severe morbidity and the recurrence rate was 23.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Conservative surgery can provide good results in symptomatic peritoneal cysts. Radical therapy is also ideal but only in properly selected cases. The management of this situation is difficult requiring sound operative experience preferably with a one-stage procedure after an appropriate preoperative preparation.

Cecal volvulus after twin gestation: laparoscopic approach.

INTRODUCTION: Intestinal obstruction in pregnancy is not common. Colonic volvulus occurs in 24% of such cases. Due to the rare incidence and lack of imaging during pregnancy, correct diagnosis is often delayed. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of a 33-year-old female with a twin pregnancy gestation, who presented with acute abdominal pain. Physical examination revealed a gravid uterus and tenderness in the lower abdominal quadrants. Due to intense uterine contractions, the patient was urgently submitted to cesarean delivery, giving birth to two healthy infants. Twelve hours after the cesarean section, right lower quadrant abdominal pain was persistently severe. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal dilatation were also present. Abdominal X-ray and CT scan showed bowel obstruction, possibly secondary to cecal volvulus. The patient was subjected to explorative laparoscopy, cecal volvulus detorsion, and laparoscopic appendectomy. RESULTS: The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on the fourth postoperative day. CONCLUSIONS: Cecal volvulus in pregnancy is a rare, difficult to diagnose, clinical entity. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality, both of mother and fetus, because of delayed diagnosis. A high index of clinical suspicion is required in pregnant or puerperant women with signs and symptoms of bowel obstruction and persistent pain at the right low abdominal quadrant. As long as diagnosis is timely set, laparoscopy is a safe and successful means of surgical treatment.

Laparoscopic low anterior resection for early rectal cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Early rectal cancer (ERC) is adenocarcinoma that has invaded into, but not extended beyond, the submucosa. Endoscopic or minimal access surgical procedures, such as laparoscopic resection, have emerged as a useful tool in the surgical treatment of such diseases. The aim of this study is to present and analyze the feasibility, the short- and long-term results of laparoscopic colorectal surgery (LCS) in patients with ERC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 2002 and 4/2011, a total of 164 patients with colorectal cancer underwent laparoscopic surgery (LS). Of these, 7 patients (4.2%) had ERC and underwent laparoscopic anterior resection (LAR). The median follow-up was 41 months. RESULTS: The mean operative time was 2.5 h. None of the laparoscopic procedures was converted to open surgery. Liquids and solid food were started on median postoperative days 1 and 3, respectively. The median length of postoperative stay was 5 days. Postoperative complications occurred in 2 patients (28.5%), including wound infection in one patient (14.2%) and atelectasis in one patient (14.2%). None of the patients required an urgent re-operation. There was no mortality related to LS. CONCLUSIONS: LS for ERC can be used as a strategy sited between endoscopic mucosal resection and open anterior resection with beneficial long- and short-term results. It appears as a technically and oncologically safe procedure when performed by surgeons with sufficient experience in laparoscopic techniques.

Breast cancer metastatic to the rectum: a case report.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with breast cancer may present with systemic recurrence in any organ, primarily the bones, lungs, lymph nodes, liver, pleura, and adrenal glands. We report a case of rectal tumor, metastatic from breast cancer, which represents an unusual location of metastasis. CASE PRESENTATION: A 74-year-old woman, operated for lobular breast cancer 5 years ago, but not compliant with the annual follow-up, presented with severe constipation and pseudodiarrhea. Digital examination and anoscopy revealed a mass at the lower rectum, 2 cm distant from the anal verge. CT and MRI scan of the abdomen confirmed this finding and did not reveal metastatic lesions elsewhere. The patient underwent abdominoperineal resection. RESULTS: The postoperative period was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on the 7th postoperative day. The histopathological findings revealed rectal cancer, metastatic from the known invasive lobular breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Rectal metastasis from breast cancer is very rare. The presented case emphasizes the need to keep in mind this possibility and at all times associate the emergency condition with the related history of breast cancer.

Manometric and clinical evaluation of patients after low anterior resection for rectal cancer.

The aim of this study was to examine the anorectal physiological and clinical changes that occur after low anterior resection for rectal cancer. Since 1998, 30 patients underwent laboratory tests of anorectal function, preoperatively and 1 month and 6 months after low anterior resection. Postoperatively all patients presented with increased bowel frequency, 60% of the patients with mild soiling and 30% with urgency for defecation. Six months after surgery there was a significant improvement of these symptoms. The anal resting pressure was significantly decreased postoperatively, while maximum squeezing pressure remained unchanged. The rectoanal inhibitory reflex was absent in 80% of the patients and at 6 months after surgery it tended to recover. Rectal capacity and compliance were reduced in all patients. In the current study, the majority of patients demonstrated manometric anorectal changes and clinical anorectal function disorders during the first year after surgery. We observed that these disorders correlated with the low level of the anastomosis.