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Introduction: Tobacco use is the major preventable cause of premature death worldwide, responsible for about 8 million deaths per year, mostly in low- and middle-income countries, such as Morocco. Adolescents' tobacco use is a matter of concern, because early initiation increases the risk of becoming a lifelong user. There exists a notable gap in the synthesis of evidence concerning tobacco use among Moroccan adolescents. Thus, the purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive view of the prevalence of tobacco products' use and associated factors among adolescents in Morocco. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and ScienceDirect for relevant studies reporting prevalence rates of tobacco products' use among Moroccan adolescents, published until June 2024, using inclusion and exclusion criteria in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Additional searches were completed on other sources to reach unpublished reports. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to assess the quality of included studies. Results: After the final screening, 22 papers met the inclusion criteria. Life-time prevalence of tobacco use ranged from 7.8% to 20.4% for cigarettes smoking, from 10.6% to 21.9% for waterpipe, from 7.9% to 9.1% for chewing tobacco and from 9.2% to 12.4% for snuff. The last 12-month prevalence of cigarette smoking was comprised between 6.9% and 10.8%. As for the prevalence of current use, ranges of (1.8%-16.4%) and (4.9%-8.4%) were noted for cigarettes and waterpipe, respectively. The most commonly highlighted risk factors for tobacco use included male sex, older age, having friends or family members who use tobacco and low perception of risk associated with tobacco use. Conclusion: Our findings reveal an alarming situation of tobacco use among Moroccan adolescents. Therefore, it is crucial that all stakeholders engage in concerted efforts to develop and implement evidence-based preventive interventions among early adolescents.
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BACKGROUND: The Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST) is a widely used screening tool for identifying patterns of cannabis use that have negative health or social consequences for both the user and others involved. This brief screening instrument has been translated into multiple languages, and several studies examining its psychometric properties have been published. However, studies on the factorial validity and psychometric properties of a Moroccan version of the CAST are not yet available. The objective of this study is to validate the CAST, translated, and adapted to the Moroccan Arabic dialect among persons with cannabis use. METHODS: A total of 370 participants from an addictology center in Fez City, were selected over two phases to form the study sample. First, in phase I, exploratory factor analysis was employed to evaluate the factor structure in the pilot sample (n1 = 150). Subsequently, in the second phase (Phase II), confirmatory factor analysis was utilized to confirm this structure in the validation sample (n2 = 220). All statistical analyses were carried out using the R program. RESULTS: The CFA unveiled a three-factor structure that showed a good overall fit (χ2/df = 2.23, RMSEA = 0.07, SRMR = 0.02, CFI = 0.99, NFI = 0.98) and satisfactory local parameters (standardized factor loadings between 0.72 and 0.88). The model demonstrates satisfactory reliability and convergent validity, as evidenced by the acceptable values of composite reliability (CR) (0.76-0.88) and average variance extracted (AVE) (0.62-0.78), respectively. The square roots of the AVE exceeded the correlations of the factor pairs, and the heterotrait-monotrait (HTMT) ratio of the correlation values was below 0.85, indicating acceptable discriminant validity. CONCLUSION: The reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity tests all demonstrated that the Moroccan version of the CAST performed well and can be considered a valid tool for screening of problematic cannabis use.
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Cannabis , Abuso de Marihuana , Pueblo Norteafricano , Humanos , Psicometría , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Abuso de Marihuana/diagnóstico , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This epidemic has caused serious socio-economic problems worldwide, with a very high mortality rate. Several articles have been published in the literature showing the consequences of this disease on the human body. Among the most serious complications are venous and arterial thrombosis, which are rarely observed together in the same patient. In this article, we report an exceptional case of a patient with COVID-19 with the combination of intracardiac thrombus (left atrium) and venous thrombosis (splenic vein and portal trunk).
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COVID-19 , Trombosis de la Vena , Humanos , COVID-19/complicaciones , Trombosis de la Vena/etiología , Trombosis de la Vena/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Vena Esplénica/diagnóstico por imagen , Vena Porta/diagnóstico por imagen , Trombosis/etiología , Atrios Cardíacos/diagnóstico por imagen , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Transcultural validation studies of depression scales are rare in Morocco. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is commonly one of the most common and frequently used screening instruments for depressive symptoms, but the scale has not, up to date, been validated in dialect of Arabic in Moroccan contexts. Given the importance of assessing and preventing depressive symptoms in our Moroccan context, this study aims to validate the CES-D, translated, and adapted to the dialect of Arabic and Moroccan culture, in a sample with substance use disorder. METHODS: The data were analyzed in two successive phases. First, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to assess the factor structure in the pilot sample (N = 140). Then, this structure was confirmed in the validation sample (N = 205) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis extracted three factors different from the four factors in the original version. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the structure of three factors. The fit indices level showed acceptable to good performance of the measurement model. The instrument showed sufficient reliability and convergent validity, as demonstrated by acceptable values of composite reliability (CR = 0.89-0.93) and average variance extracted (AVE = 0.64-0.66), respectively. The square roots of AVE were higher than factor-factor pairs correlations, and the Heterotrait-Monotrait ratio (HTMT) of correlations values was less than 0.85, indicating acceptable discriminant validity. CONCLUSIONS: Overall reliability and both convergent and discriminant validity tests indicated that the Moroccan dialectal Arabic version of the CES-D had a good performance and may serve as a valid tool for measuring the severity of depression in people with substance use disorder.
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Depresión , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias , Humanos , Depresión/diagnóstico , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Análisis Factorial , Psicometría , Estudios Epidemiológicos , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/diagnóstico , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Introduction: Central venous occlusion (CVO), which is caused by central venous catheters in haemodialysis patients , remains a challenge in vascular surgery. Case presentation: The authors report data evaluating bypass graft patency and complications of two patients with CVO who have benefited from a subclavian artery to right atrium bypass using polytetrafuloroetylene. The first patient , underwent three times an angioplasty of the atrio prothetic anastomosis , finally the graft failed at 12 month. The second one, presented a steal syndrome with ischaemia of the right upper limb immediately postoperatively. Three months after the procedure , she underwent an angiographic control that showed a stenosis of the protheto atrial junction. Clinical discussion: Central venous occlusion in patients with end-stage kidney disease is most often due to central venous catheters. Although the endovascular therapy is the first-line approach to the treatment of CVO, the surgical bypass to the right atrium is often the last resort to preserve adequate vascular access in haemodialysis patients, with CVO. The autologous vein and bovine arterial bypass remains better than polytetrafuloroetylene grafts in terms of long-term patency. Only few cases have been reported un the literature , besides no long-term outcome data has been previously reported. Conclusion: Long-term secondary patency of bypass to the right atrium can be achieved, but requires strict follow-up, and multiple endovascular procedures to maintain the bypass access.
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Introduction: Central venous Occlusion (CVO) is a serious complication that occurs mainly in patients with long term central venous catheters for dialysis. It remains a challenge in vascular surgery. Case presentation: We report a case of a patient with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), who was admitted for chronic occlusion of the superior and inferior vena cava and underwent a right subclavian artery to right atrium (RA) bypass using polytetrafuloroetylene (PTFE) graft. Clinical discussion: Central venous catheters remains the main cause of CVO in ESKD. Although the endovascular therapy is the main approach in the treatment of CVO, the surgical bypass to the RA is often the last resort to preserve vascular access in hemodialysis patients. The autologous vein and bovine arterial bypass remains better than PTFE grafts in terms of long term patency. Conclusion: fistulas as a first approach for dialysis access must be privileged at the expense of central catheters. However bypass to RA by mini thoracotomy incision remains as an excellent option for dialysis access in ESKD with CVO.
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Aortic coarctation is a congenital heart disease that usually presents and is treated in the childhood. The aortic coarctation is often associated with concomitant cardiac pathologies, such as aortic stenosis and bicuspid aortic valve. We report the case of a 56-year-old man, admitted in our cardiologic unit, for sudden onset of chest pain, dyspnea and syncope. Aortic coarctation with aortic valve stenosis was diagnosed. The aortic valve was successfully replaced in the first stage; the coarctation had to be treated in a second time.
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Coartación Aórtica/diagnóstico , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/diagnóstico , Dolor en el Pecho/etiología , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Disnea/etiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Síncope/etiologíaRESUMEN
Traumatic tricuspid insufficiency is very rare. In this report we describe an interesting case of a 13-year-old boy who suffered chest trauma from a horse kick. Echocardiography demonstrated a remarkable tricuspid regurgitation with ventricular septal defect. Once assessing the diagnosis, an emergency open heart surgery was necessary to repair the injuries with good results.
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Defectos del Tabique Interventricular/etiología , Traumatismos Torácicos/complicaciones , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Tricúspide/etiología , Adolescente , Animales , Ecocardiografía , Defectos del Tabique Interventricular/diagnóstico por imagen , Defectos del Tabique Interventricular/cirugía , Caballos , Humanos , Masculino , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Tricúspide/diagnóstico por imagen , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Tricúspide/cirugíaRESUMEN
A 4 year-old male presented with effort dyspnea, and was diagnosed as atrioventricular canal defects. This finding was confirmed by open heart surgery, and a congenital double orifice mitral valve was discovered. The septal defect was closed but the double orifice mitral valve was respected because of the absence of hemodynamic disturbance. We report this case with review of literature.
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Disnea/etiología , Defectos de los Tabiques Cardíacos/etiología , Enfermedades de las Válvulas Cardíacas/complicaciones , Válvula Mitral/anomalías , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos , Preescolar , Defectos de los Tabiques Cardíacos/diagnóstico , Defectos de los Tabiques Cardíacos/cirugía , Enfermedades de las Válvulas Cardíacas/congénito , Enfermedades de las Válvulas Cardíacas/diagnóstico , Humanos , MasculinoAsunto(s)
Aneurisma de la Aorta/etiología , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Aórtica/etiología , Síndrome de Behçet/complicaciones , Adulto , Aorta/patología , Aneurisma de la Aorta/diagnóstico , Aneurisma de la Aorta/cirugía , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Aórtica/diagnóstico , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Congenital left ventricular aneurysm is rare, poorly understood and potentially lethal. It usually occurs in isolation. Its combination with mitral insufficiency is an uncommon entity. Because the literature on this kind of aneurysms consists of case reports and small series described especially in children, we report here an interesting and unique case of an adult aged 35 years bearing simultaneously a congenital left ventricular aneurysm and mitral insufficiency. Without medical past history, he consults for palpitations and dyspnoea. Once diagnosis was made by chest X-ray, echocardiography and computed tomography, an open heart surgery was necessary to prevent complications. Through a transmitral approach, aneurysmal exclusion was performed by closing the aneurysmal collar with a Dacron patch and mitral replacement was accomplished. At 12 months, follow-up was favourable without residual communication between aneurysm and ventricle or paraprosthetic leak.
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Aneurisma Cardíaco/cirugía , Ventrículos Cardíacos/cirugía , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/cirugía , Válvula Mitral/cirugía , Adulto , Aneurisma Cardíaco/complicaciones , Aneurisma Cardíaco/congénito , Humanos , Masculino , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/complicacionesRESUMEN
Hydatid cysts of the heart are very rare in child. In this report we describe an interesting and unique case of an 8-year-old boy with a large cardiac intracavitary hydatid cyst filling the left ventricle. Echocardiography, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and serologic test were necessary for the diagnosis. Once assessing the diagnosis, an emergency open heart surgery was necessary to prevent the complications. Surgery associated to medical treatment provides good results as demonstrated in this case report.