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1.
J Biosci Bioeng ; 133(4): 396-403, 2022 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35082106

RESUMEN

Strombidae is one of the major molluscan families in Sudan and due to their opercula, has tremendous economic value. In traditional Sudanese homemade perfumes and body care cosmetics, Strombidae family operculum is one of the main ingredients. Their fumigation generates a charming odor preferred by Sudanese people, used for body smoke baths by married women. Moreover, these fumes are believed to treat several gynecological disorders. In this study, we attempted to confirm the presence of volatiles with pleasant odors and compounds with pharmaceutical importance in the Strombidae opercula. Volatiles from the smoke and soak extracts of the burned opercula were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Furthermore, polar components from the methanol extract of opercula powder were isolated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and UV spectra. The elemental and metal contents were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). GC-MS analysis revealed several phenols, aldehydes, ketones, and other functional fragrant and volatile constituents. Further, two compounds were purified from the methanol extract of Strombidae opercula, and named compounds B and D, which were identified as cyclo-(Tyr-Gly) and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, respectively. ICP-MS analysis revealed the presence of various elements and metals at different levels. These findings support the historical and traditional practices and usage of the Strombidae opercula in therapeutic and esthetic products. The opercula contains many biologically active compounds and produces smoke containing volatile scent compounds, which might provide alternative pharmaceuticals and cosmetic ingredients that can cooperate to improve the manufacturing of numerous medical products.


Asunto(s)
Fenoles , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Femenino , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Humanos , Metanol/química , Fenoles/análisis , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray/métodos
2.
J Biosci Bioeng ; 130(6): 644-649, 2020 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32847740

RESUMEN

Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major pathogen associated with chronic periodontitis, produces several virulence agents in the outer cell membrane, including gingipains and hemagglutinins. These virulence factors enable the bacteria to adhere to periodontal tissue and degrade host proteins to obtain the nutrients needed for dental plaque formation. P. gingivalis TDC60 was recently identified as the most aggressive P. gingivalis strain to dates. In this study, we isolated a known pregnane glycoside, argeloside I, from the aqueous extract of Solenostemma argel leaves. Argeloside I completely hindered the growth of P. gingivalis TDC60 and inhibited the production of hemagglutinins as well as Arg- and Lys-specific gingipains. Our results demonstrate a new function of pregnane glycosides. Argeloside I may be a candidate for reducing the risk associated with P. gingivalis TDC60 and its adhesion factors.


Asunto(s)
Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Porphyromonas gingivalis/patogenicidad , Cisteína Endopeptidasas/metabolismo , Hemaglutininas/biosíntesis , Humanos , Porphyromonas gingivalis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Porphyromonas gingivalis/metabolismo , Virulencia/efectos de los fármacos
3.
J Food Biochem ; 43(11): e13029, 2019 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31465126

RESUMEN

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major periodontitis pathogen that produces several virulence factors including hemagglutinins. These proteins, which are vital molecules, allow P. gingivalis to uptake iron and heme by attaching, aggregating, and lysing erythrocytes. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory activity of the aqueous extract of Monechma ciliatum seeds against the hemagglutination activity of P. gingivalis. M. ciliatum is a Sudanese medicinal herb that grows in arid and semi-arid lands of tropical Africa. The water extracted from dry powdered seeds was partitioned using ethyl acetate followed by reversed-phase chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, ESI-MS, and NMR analysis resulting in the isolation of four compounds identified as oleic acid, coumarin, 1,2-dioleoylglycerol, and 1,3-dioleoylglycerol with MICs of 15-100 µg/ml against hemagglutination. We believe that the isolation and purification of these compounds will expand the application of M. ciliatum as a natural therapeutic or preventative agent. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Monechma ciliatum or black mahlab is a famous medicinal plant that grows in some parts of arid and semi-arid areas of tropical Africa including western Sudan. Despite its nutritional and traditional medical applications, no studies have evaluated its anti-hemagglutination activity against periodontal pathogens. In this study, four active compounds (oleic acid, coumarin, 1,2-dioleoylglycerol, and 1,3-dioleoylglycerol) were isolated and identified from an aqueous extract of M. ciliatum seeds. The isolated compounds revealed high levels of inhibitory activity against all hemagglutinin agents secreted by Porphyromonas gingivalis. This evidence of inhibitory activity will encourage the application of M. ciliatum effectively as a functional food or therapeutic agent to prevent periodontal diseases in the early stages.


Asunto(s)
Acanthaceae/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Hemaglutininas/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Proteínas Bacterianas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Pruebas de Hemaglutinación , Hemaglutininas/genética , Hemo/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Porphyromonas gingivalis/genética , Porphyromonas gingivalis/metabolismo , Semillas/química , Sudán
4.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29387346

RESUMEN

Background: There is limited data that investigates the national rates of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in Saudi Arabia.This study aimed to estimate the rates of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB), and monoresistance (MR) in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on all TB cases reported to the National TB Control and Prevention Program (NTCPP) registry at the Saudi Ministry of Health between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2015. A total of 2098 TB patients with positive TB cultures were included in the study. Subgroup analyses and multivariate binary logistic regression models were performed with IBM SPSS 23.0. Results: Of the total TB cases, 4.4% (95% CI: 3.59%-5.40%) were found to have MDR-TB. The rates of MR were 3.8% (95% CI: 2.99%-4.67%) for ethambutol, 5.4% (95% CI: 4.50%-6.49%) for pyrazinamide, 10.2% (95% CI: 5.89%-11.52%) for isoniazid, 11% (95% CI: 9.70%-12.43%) for streptomycin, and 5.9% (95% CI: 4.90%-6.96%) for rifampicin. The high rates of MDR and RR-TB were found among the younger age group, female gender, and those who had a previous history of TB. We also discovered that renal failure tends to increase the risk of rifampicin resistance. Conclusions: National TB data in Saudi Arabia shows that the rate of MDR-TB was similar to the global rate reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is a relatively high rate as compared to Western countries. The proportion of MDR/RR-TB patients tends to be higher in the younger age group, female gender, and in patients with a previous history of TB treatment. Effective strategies for prevention of all multi-drug-resistant TB cases are warranted.


Asunto(s)
Antituberculosos/farmacología , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos/tratamiento farmacológico , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos/epidemiología , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Etambutol/farmacología , Femenino , Humanos , Isoniazida/farmacología , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efectos de los fármacos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/patogenicidad , Pirazinamida/farmacología , Análisis de Regresión , Estudios Retrospectivos , Rifampin/farmacología , Arabia Saudita/epidemiología , Factores Sexuales , Estreptomicina/farmacología , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos/prevención & control , Organización Mundial de la Salud , Adulto Joven
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