RESUMEN
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) in patients with type 2 diabetes reduces the risk of serious heart failure events, specifically the risk of hospitalization for heart failure, and cardiovascular death. The benefit is most apparent in patients with a heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Dapagliflozin and empagliflozin reduced the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalizations for heart failure in patients with established HFrEF, including those without diabetes. Considering the magnitude of the problem and the expected benefit on the target population, an Egyptian consensus document was conducted to demonstrate the importance of and the critical knowledge needed for effective and safe implementation of SGLT2i in the daily practice for the management of patients with HFrEF.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2 , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Egipto , Testimonio de Experto , Glucosa , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Sodio , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2/farmacología , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2/uso terapéutico , Volumen SistólicoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Egypt is the most populous country in the Middle East and North Africa and has more than 15% of the cardiovascular deaths in the region, but little is known about the prevalence of traditional risk factors and treatment strategies in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients across Egypt. METHODS: From November 2015 to August 2017, data were collected from 1 681 patients with ACS in 30 coronary care centres, covering 11 governorates across Egypt, spanning the Mediterranean coast, Nile Delta and Upper Egypt, with a focus on risk factors and management strategies. RESULTS: Women constituted 25% of the patients. Premature ACS was common, with 43% of men aged less than 55 years, and 67% of women under 65 years. Most men had ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (49%), while a larger percentage of women had unstable angina and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) (32% each; p < 0.001). Central obesity was present in 80% of men and 89% of women, with 32% of men and women having atherogenic dyslipidaemia. Current smoking was reported by 62% of men and by 72% of men under 55 years. A larger proportion of women had type 2 diabetes (53 vs 34% of men), hypertension (69 vs 49%), dyslipidaemia, and obesity (71 vs 41%) (p < 0.001 for all). There were no gender differences in most diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, but among STEMI patients, 51% of men underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention compared to 46% of women (p = 0.064). CONCLUSIONS: Central obesity and smoking are extremely prevalent in Egypt, contributing to an increased burden of premature ACS, which warrants tailored prevention strategies. The recognised tendency worldwide to treat men more aggressively was less pronounced than expected.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome Coronario Agudo/epidemiología , Angina Inestable/epidemiología , Infarto del Miocardio sin Elevación del ST/epidemiología , Infarto del Miocardio con Elevación del ST/epidemiología , Síndrome Coronario Agudo/diagnóstico , Síndrome Coronario Agudo/terapia , Distribución por Edad , Edad de Inicio , Anciano , Angina Inestable/diagnóstico , Angina Inestable/terapia , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/uso terapéutico , Comorbilidad , Estudios Transversales , Egipto/epidemiología , Femenino , Disparidades en el Estado de Salud , Disparidades en Atención de Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infarto del Miocardio sin Elevación del ST/diagnóstico , Infarto del Miocardio sin Elevación del ST/terapia , Intervención Coronaria Percutánea , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Infarto del Miocardio con Elevación del ST/diagnóstico , Infarto del Miocardio con Elevación del ST/terapia , Distribución por Sexo , Fumar/efectos adversos , Fumar/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) is a fast-growing technology that permits a non-invasive, yet reliable, assessment of coronary atherosclerosis. We sought to explore the diagnostic accuracy of MSCT angiography in the detection of significant stenosis of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) in a series of patients with an intermediate pre-test likelihood of coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 30 consecutive patients with an intermediate pre-test likelihood of CAD. Patients underwent 64-slice MSCT angiography to detect significant stenosis of the LMCA (defined as ≥ 50% luminal obstruction). They subsequently underwent invasive coronary angiography according to the standard technique. RESULTS: The mean age was 52.7 ± 6.3 years, 24 (80%) being males. Three (10%) patients had significant stenosis of the LMCA by invasive coronary angiography, while four (13.3%) patients were categorized as having significant LMCA stenosis by MSCT coronary angiography. MSCT coronary angiography was able to detect significant LMCA stenosis with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 96.3%, positive and negative predictive values of 75% and 100% respectively, and a diagnostic accuracy of 96.7%, with reference to invasive coronary angiography. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with an intermediate pre-test likelihood of CAD, MSCT coronary angiography provides a highly accurate diagnostic modality for ruling out significant LMCA stenosis, with reference to invasive coronary angiography.
