An international survey of contemporary practices towards fertility assessment and preservation in patients undergoing radical inguinal orchidectomy for testicular cancer.

Objective: The study aims to assess current international clinician attitudes, practices and barriers towards fertility assessment and preservation in patients undergoing radical inguinal orchidectomy (RIO) for testicular cancer. Materials and methods: An international online survey of urologists and urologists in training who perform RIO for testicular cancer was developed by the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) Sections of Andrology and Oncology and the British Urology Researchers in Surgical Training (BURST). The recruitment process used social media and the emailing lists of national urological societies. Responses were collected between 10/02/2021 and 31/05/2021 and stored using password-protected Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) database software. The primary outcome was the proportion of urologists who routinely offer semen cryopreservation prior to RIO. The study was reported according to the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys platform. Results: A total of 393 respondents took part in the online survey; of these, the majority were from the United Kingdom (65.9%), with the remaining international respondents (34.1%) from six different continents, which included 45 different countries. Of the respondents, 57.1% reported that they would routinely offer semen cryopreservation to all patients undergoing RIO for testicular cancer. In addition, 36.0% of urologists routinely performed pre-operative semen analysis, and 22.1% routinely performed pre-operative testicular serum hormone profile. Of the respondents, 14.4% performed expedited RIO within 48 h; 31.2% of respondents reported that they considered no delay to RIO to allow for semen cryopreservation to be acceptable. Conclusions: A significant proportion of international urologists do not offer pre-operative fertility assessment and preservation in men undergoing RIO for testicular cancer. Surgery is performed in an expedited fashion within 1 week in the majority of patients. Urologists perceive there to be a lack of access and availability to fertility services, and that delay to RIO to allow for fertility preservation is often not acceptable.

Update on organ preserving surgical strategies for penile cancer.

With the passage of time, there has been a major paradigm shift in the surgical management of penile cancer from radical to organ preserving penile surgical techniques, with closer surgical margins which offer good oncological, cosmetic and functional outcomes with improved physical and psychosexual well-being. This article aims to provide an update of the current organ preserving surgical strategies for penile cancer.

The molecular pathogenesis of penile carcinoma-current developments and understanding.

Penile squamous cell carcinoma is a rare malignancy with various distinct histological subtypes, each with distinct appearances, histotypic specific associations with human papillomavirus (HPV) and clinical behaviour. Despite a wealth of pathological knowledge, there still remains a limited understanding of the fundamental molecular drivers that govern penile carcinogenesis with their underlying prognostic and therapeutic importance. However, recent work has improved our fundamental understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of penile cancer: commonly divided into the HPV-dependent and HPV-independent pathways. This review aims to summarise current developments in the histopathology and the molecular pathogenesis of penile cancer, with the advent of next-generation sequencing, and the opportunities for the targeting of molecular drivers of metastatic disease.