Lung cancer from suspicion to treatment: An indicator of healthcare access in Turkey.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Before beginning lung cancer treatment, it is necessary to complete procedures such as suspecting lung cancer, obtaining a pathologic diagnosis, and staging. This study aimed to investigate the processes from suspicion of lung cancer to diagnosis, staging, and treatment initiation. METHODS: The study was designed as a multicenter and cross-sectional study. Patients with lung cancer from various health institutions located in all geographic regions of Turkey were included in the study. The sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, the characteristics of the health institutions and geographic regions, and other variables of the lung cancer process were recorded. The time from suspicion of lung cancer to pathologic diagnosis, radiologic staging, and treatment initiation, as well as influencing factors, were investigated. RESULTS: The study included 1410 patients from 29 different medical centers. The mean time from the initial suspicion of lung cancer to the pathologic diagnosis was 48.0 ± 52.6 days, 39.0 ± 52.7 days for radiologic staging, and 74.9 ± 65.5 days for treatment initiation. The residential areas with the most suspected lung cancer cases were highly developed socioeconomic zones. Primary healthcare services accounted for only 0.4% of patients with suspected lung cancer. The time to pathologic diagnosis was longer in the Marmara region, and the wait time for staging and treatment initiation was longer in Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia. Patients who presented to chest disease referral hospitals with peripheral lesions, those with early-stage disease, and those who were diagnosed surgically had significantly longer wait times. CONCLUSION: The time between pathologic diagnosis, staging, and treatment initiation in lung cancer was longer than expected. Increasing the role of primary healthcare services and distributing socioeconomic resources more equally will contribute to shortening the time to diagnosis and improve treatment processes for lung cancer.

Can Serum Chitotriosidase Levels, Immune, and Oxidative Stress Parameters Be Early Diagnostic Indicators in Patients With Silicosis?

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the enzyme activity of chitotriosidase as a biomarker in early diagnosis silicosis and to investigate immune system response and oxidative stress caused by silica exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Silicosis patients (n = 116), exposed to silica without disease (n = 76), and healthy individuals (n = 55) were included. Serum levels of chitotriosidase, proinflammatory cytokines, oxidant-antioxidant, and immune parameters were measured. RESULTS: Serum chitotriosidase enzyme levels in the silicosis group were statistically significantly higher than the exposure and control groups. Inflammatory biomarkers and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine levels were found to be statistically significantly higher in the silicosis and exposure group compared with the controls, while superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were lower. CONCLUSIONS: Increased serum chitotriosidase level emerged as a biomarker that can not only distinguish silicosis from exposure and healthy controls but also indicate early pulmonary effects of silica.

Evaluation of whole blood thiamine pyrophosphate concentrations in critically ill patients receiving chronic diuretic therapy prior to admission to Turkish intensive care units: A pragmatic, multicenter, prospective study.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Thiamine plays a pivotal role in energy metabolism. The aim of the study was to determine serial whole blood TPP concentrations in critically ill patients receiving chronic diuretic treatment before ICU admission and to correlate TPP levels with clinically determined serum phosphorus concentrations. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This observational study was performed in 15 medical ICUs. Serial whole blood TPP concentrations were measured by HPLC at baseline and at days 2, 5 and 10 after ICU admission. RESULTS: A total of 221 participants were included. Of these, 18% demonstrated low TPP concentrations upon admission to the ICU, while 26% of participants demonstrated low levels at some point during the 10-day study period. Hypophosphatemia was detected in 30% of participants at some point during the 10-day period of observation. TPP levels were significantly and positively correlated with serum phosphorus levels at each time point (P < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that 18% of these critically ill patients exhibited low whole blood TPP concentrations on ICU admission and 26% had low levels during the initial 10 ICU days, respectively. The modest correlation between TPP and phosphorus concentrations suggests a possible association due to a refeeding effect in ICU patients requiring chronic diuretic therapy.

Evaluation of systemic involvement of Coronavirus disease 2019 through spleen; size and texture analysis

Background/aim: To investigate the changes in the spleen size, parenchymal heterogeneity, and computed tomography (CT) texture analysis features of patients diagnosed with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Materials and methods: The size and parenchymal structure of the spleen in 91 patients who underwent thoracic CT examination due to COVID-19 were evaluated. For the evaluation of parenchymal heterogeneity, CT texture analysis was performed using dedicated software (Olea Medical, France). The texture analysis of each case consisted of 15 first-order intensity-based features, 17 gray level co- occurrence matrix-based features, and 9 gray level run length matrix-based features. Results: A total of 91 patients (45 males, 46 females) with a mean age of 54.31 ± 16.33 years (range: 18­81) were included in the study. A statistically significant decrease in spleen size was seen in the follow-up CT examinations (p < 0.001) whereas no statistically significant difference was found between the Hounsfield unit (HU) values. The radiomics consisted of first-order intensity-based features such as 90th percentile, maximum, interquartile range, range, mean absolute deviation, standard deviation, and variance, all of which showed statistically significant differences (p-values: < 0.001, < 0.001, 0.001, 0.003, 0.001, 0.001, and 0.004, respectively). "Correlation" as a gray level co-occurrence matrix-based feature and "gray level nonuniformity" as a gray level run length matrix-based feature showed statistically differences (p-values: 0.033 and < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Although COVID-19 manifests with lung involvement in the early stage, it can also cause systemic involvement, and the spleen may be one of its target organs. A decrease in the spleen size and parenchymal microstructure changes can be observed in the short follow-up time. It is hoped that the changes in the parenchymal microstructure will be demonstrated by a noninvasive method: texture analysis.

Impact of low molecular weight heparin administration on the clinical course of the COVID-19 disease

Background: Lymphopenia is the most important criterion of mortality and discharging feature for patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to investigate the clinical impact of a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) treatment on the clinical course of COVID-19. Materials and methods: Patients' clinical symptoms, radiologic outcomes, hematologic, biochemical, D-dimer, and C-reactive protein (CRP) results were obtained from their medical records. Participants were separated into 2 groups: one was treated with LMWH and the other was not. Improvement in the patients was compared before and after treatment. Results: Ninety-six patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 between April and May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The multivariable analysis showed that the count of lymphocytes, D-dimer, and CRP levels were significantly improved in the LMWH group, as compared to the control group (OR, (95% CI) 0.628 (0.248­0.965), P < 0.001); OR, (95% CI) 0.356 (0.089­0.674), P < 0.001, respectively). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was AUC: 0.679 ± 0.055, 0.615 ± 0.058, and 0.633 ± 0.057, respectively; the ß-value was found to be ­1.032, ­0.026, and ­0.465, respectively. Conclusion: The LMWH treatment group demonstrated better laboratory findings, including recovery in the lymphocyte count, CRP, and D-dimer results.

[Mortality prediction ability of phycians in intensive care units of Turkey (MOPAP)]. / Türkiye'de yogun bakim ünitelerinde hekimin mortaliteyi öngörebilme gücü.

INTRODUCTION: Intensive care physicians are increasingly involved in decision making about the prognosis of intensive care unit ICU patients. With this study; we aimed to evaluate the power of clinician foresight at prediction of mortality in patient at triage to intensive care and patient follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted in ICUs located in various geographical regions of Turkey between January 1, 2017-April 30, 2017.The clinical research was planned as observational, multicenter, cross-sectional. RESULT: A total of 1169 intubated patients were followed in 37 different ICU. At the beginning of the follow-up we asked the physician who will follow the patient in the ICU to give a score for the probability of survival of the patients. Scoring included a total of 6 scores from 0 to 5, with the "0" the worst probability "5" being the best. According to this distribution, only 1 (0.9%) of 113 patients who were given 0 points survived. Three (6.1%) of 49 with the best score of 5 died. Survival rates were significantly different in each score group (r: -0.488; p<0.001). After the combined mortality estimation scores based on the clinical observations of the physicians (0 and 1 point score was combined as non-survive, 4 and 5 score was combined as survived) 320 of the 545 patients were estimated to be dead and 225 were predicted survival. Sensitivity and spesifity of scoring system to predict mortality was 91.56% (95% CI: 87.96-94.37), 76.89% (95% CI: 70.82-82.23) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we concluded that the physicians who follow the patients in the ICU can predict the poor prognosis at the time of admission and the high mortality rate. The physician's opinion on mortality estimation should be considered in intensive care mortality scoring in addition to other laboratory and clinical parameters.

Occupational Risk Factors and the Relationship of Smoking with Anxiety and Depression.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relation of smoking with anxiety and depression in workers who were exposed to occupational risk factors. For this purpose, working time, smoking status, nicotine dependence, and respiratory functions of the workers who were exposed to physical and/or chemical harmful substances were evaluated and the presence of anxiety/depression was investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Male workers who were exposed to occupational risk factors such as solvents, heavy metals, and dust and visited the outpatient clinic for occupational diseases within a one-year period were included. Pulmonary Function Test and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence were performed. Anxiety and depression statuses of the workers were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. RESULTS: The mean age of 665 male workers was 45 y (range, 38-48 y), and they were most commonly exposed to solvents (45.9%), followed by heavy metal fume/dust (20.9%). Of the workers, 252 (37.9%) had anxiety, 294 (44.2%) had depression, and 171 (25.7%) had both. More than half of the workers in each occupation/exposure group were smokers. Respiratory complaints were present in 34% of the workers. According to the regression analysis, the presence of respiratory system complaints was found to be a significant risk factor for anxiety, depression, and anxiety plus depression. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, smoking and anxiety/depression were found to be the conditions affecting more than half of the workers with occupational exposure.

High-Resolution Computed Tomography and Pulmonary Function Findings of Occupational Arsenic Exposure in Workers.

BACKGROUND: The number of studies where non-malignant pulmonary diseases are evaluated after occupational arsenic exposure is very few. AIMS: To investigate the effects of occupational arsenic exposure on the lung by high-resolution computed tomography and pulmonary function tests. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study. METHODS: In this study, 256 workers with suspected respiratory occupational arsenic exposure were included, with an average age of 32.9±7.8 years and an average of 3.5±2.7 working years. Hair and urinary arsenic levels were analysed. High-resolution computed tomography and pulmonary function tests were done. RESULTS: In workers with occupational arsenic exposure, high-resolution computed tomography showed 18.8% pulmonary involvement. In pulmonary involvement, pulmonary nodule was the most frequently seen lesion (64.5%). The other findings of pulmonary involvement were 18.8% diffuse interstitial lung disease, 12.5% bronchiectasis, and 27.1% bullae-emphysema. The mean age of patients with pulmonary involvement was higher and as they smoked more. The pulmonary involvement was 5.2 times higher in patients with skin lesions because of arsenic. Diffusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide was significantly lower in patients with pulmonary involvement. CONCLUSION: Besides lung cancer, chronic occupational inhalation of arsenic exposure may cause non-malignant pulmonary findings such as bronchiectasis, pulmonary nodules and diffuse interstitial lung disease. So, in order to detect pulmonary involvement in the early stages, workers who experience occupational arsenic exposure should be followed by diffusion test and high-resolution computed tomography.

Evaluation of dental technician's pneumoconiosis using chest X-rayand HRCT: correlation between radiological and functional findings.

BACKGROUND/AIM: This study aimed to compare high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings with those of chest X-ray (CXR) and to evaluate the relationship of pulmonary function test (PFT) parameters with HRCT and CXR findings in cases of dental technician's pneumoconiosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CXR, PFT, and HRCT data of 89 dental technicians who were diagnosed with pneumoconiosis were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: The cases of 24 dental technicians (27%) classified as normal (Category 0) based on CXR were evaluated as Category 1 according to HRCT. There was an inverse correlation of PFT parameters with nodular profusion score in CXR and all HRCT parameters. In this participant sample, small opacities were predominant (70% of the individuals), and worsening of PFT parameters was associated with the prevalence of pulmonary parenchymal changes. CONCLUSION: In the present study, micronodules detected using HRCT had an effect on pulmonary function worsening, which has not been reported in previous studies.

Evaluation of nephrotoxicity and prognosis in patients treated with colistin due to hospital-acquired pneumonia.

INTRODUCTION: Colistimethate sodium (CMS) is frequently used in the treatment of nosocomial multidrug-resistant gram-negative infections. Nephrotoxicity is the most important side effect. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of colistin on nephrotoxicity and to assess prognosis in patients treated with CMS due to hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients treated with CMS for HAP due to multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Acinetobacter baumannii were included in this cohort study. RESULT: We evaluated 281 patients treated with two different brands of CMS whose administration dose is different: imported (n= 58, low dose/kg) and domestic (n= 223, high dose/kg). Nephrotoxicity developed in 175 patients (62.3%). The median age (73 vs. 66 years, p= 0.004) and mortality rates were higher (66.9% vs. 52.8%, p= 0.022) in patients having nephrotoxicity. The patients receiving high dose/kg had higher nephrotoxicity rate (67.7% vs. 41.4%, p< 0.001). The clinical, bacteriological response and mortality rates of the whole group were 52.0%, 61.0%, 61.6%, respectively. The clinical and bacteriological response rates were similar in the different dose groups. Multivariate analysis showed that nephrotoxicity was associated with domestic brand depending on use of high dose (OR= 3.97), advanced age (ß= 0.29, p= 0.008), male gender (OR= 2.60), hypertension (OR= 2.50), red blood cells transfusion (OR= 2.54), absence of acute kidney injury (OR= 10.19), risk stage of RIFLE (OR= 11.9). CONCLUSIONS: Nephrotoxicity is associated with the use of high dose colistin, age, gender, hypertension, red blood cells replacement and RIFLE stage. The mortality rate is higher in patients developing nephrotoxicity.

Mortality Related Risk Factors in High-Risk Pulmonary Embolism in the ICU.

Introduction. We sought to identify possible risk factors associated with mortality in patients with high-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) after intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Patients and Methods. PE patients, diagnosed with computer tomography pulmonary angiography, were included from two ICUs and were categorized into groups: group 1 high-risk patients and group 2 intermediate/low-risk patients. Results. Fifty-six patients were included. Of them, 41 (73.2%) were group 1 and 15 (26.7%) were group 2. When compared to group 2, need for vasopressor therapy (0 vs 68.3%; p < 0.001) and need for invasive mechanical ventilation (6.7 vs 36.6%; p = 0.043) were more frequent in group 1. The treatment of choice for group 1 was thrombolytic therapy in 29 (70.7%) and anticoagulation in 12 (29.3%) patients. ICU mortality for group 1 was 31.7% (n = 13). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, APACHE II score >18 (OR 42.47 95% CI 1.50-1201.1), invasive mechanical ventilation (OR 30.10 95% CI 1.96-463.31), and thrombolytic therapy (OR 0.03 95% CI 0.01-0.98) were found as independent predictors of mortality. Conclusion. In high-risk PE, admission APACHE II score and need for invasive mechanical ventilation may predict death in ICU. Thrombolytic therapy seems to be beneficial in these patients.

The relation between the extent of radiological findings and respiratory functions in pneumoconiosis cases of dental technicians who are working in Ankara.

INTRODUCTION: In dental technicians, parenchymal changes caused by dust affect pulmonary functions. The evaluation of the relation between radiological scores (chest X-Ray/HRCT) indicating the extent of pulmonary involvement and the severity of functional findings in dental technicians. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 440 dental technicians were evaluated with chest X-Ray, pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and high resolution computed tomography (HRCT). The degree of pulmonary involvement in radiological images was categorized based upon emphysema, the profusion of opacities, ground-glass opacity, honey combing and extent of pleural abnormalities. RESULT: Mean age of the study population was 34.7 ± 8.5 and mean duration of work was 16.5 ± 7.9 years. The prevalance of Dental technicians' pneumoconiosis (DTP) was 11.1%. The most common opacity in HRCT was round opacity with a rate of 89.7%. The rate of large opacity was %14.3. There was positive correlation between ILO score and HRCT score. Negative correlation was found between ILO and HRCT scores and all pulmonary function tests (except for FEV1/FVC), while no relation was found with age, overall duration of exposure, smoking and the age ofwork onset. In Multiple regression analysis, the extent of pulmonary involvement (HRCT scores) was found to be an independent predictor of functional impairment. Functional parameter reflecting the extent of pulmonary involvement most accurately was (FEV1%). CONCLUSIONS: It is our suggestion that radiological measurement should be used along with functional measurements in the evaluation of functional impairment in mixed dust exposed dental technicians.

Impact of anemia on short-term survival in severe COPD exacerbations: a cohort study.

PURPOSE: Anemia is reported to be an independent predictor of hospitalizations and survival in COPD. However, little is known of its impact on short-term survival during severe COPD exacerbations. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether the presence of anemia increases the risk of death in acute respiratory failure due to severe COPD exacerbations. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Consecutive patients with COPD exacerbation who were admitted to the intensive care unit with the diagnosis of acute respiratory failure and required either invasive or noninvasive ventilation (NIV) were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 106 patients (78.3% male; median age 71 years) were included in the study; of them 22 (20.8%) needed invasive ventilation immediately and 84 (79.2%) were treated with NIV. NIV failure was observed in 38 patients. Anemia was present in 50% of patients, and 39 patients (36.8%) died during hospital stay. When compared to nonanemic patients, hospital mortality was significantly higher in the anemic group (20.8% vs 52.8%, respectively; P=0.001). Stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that presence of anemia and NIV failure were independent predictors of hospital mortality with odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of 3.99 ([1.39-11.40]; P=0.010) and 2.56 ([1.60-4.09]; P<0.001), respectively. Anemia was not associated with long-term survival in this cohort. CONCLUSION: Anemia may be a risk factor for hospital death in severe COPD exacerbations requiring mechanical ventilatory support.

Approach of pulmonologists in Turkey to noninvasive mechanical ventilation use at home for chronic respiratory failure.

INTRODUCTION: To define approach of pulmonologists in Turkey to noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) use for chronic respiratory failure (CRF), the most currently applied technique for home mechanical ventilation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A 38-question survey, developed and tested by the authors, was distributed throughout Turkey to 2205 pulmonologists by e-mail. RESULT: Twenty-seven percent of the pulmonologists responded (n=596). Domiciliary NIV was reported to be prescribed by 340 physicians [57.1% of all responders and 81% of pulmonologists practicing NIV at clinical practice (n= 420)]. NIV prescription was associated with physician's title, type of hospital, duration of medical license, total number of patients treated with NIV during residency and current number of patients treated with NIV per week (p< 0.05). Main estimated indications were listed as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (median, 25-75 percentile of the prescriptions: 75%, 60-85), obesity hypoventilation syndrome (10%, 2-15), overlap syndrome (10%, 0-20) and restrictive lung disease (5%, 2-10). For utilization of NIV at home, Bilevel positive airway pressure-spontaneous mode (40%, 0-80) and oronasal mask (90%, 60-100) were stated as the most frequently recommended mode and interface, respectively. Pressure settings were most often titrated based on arterial blood gas findings (79.2%). Humidifier was stated not to be prescribed by approximately half of the physicians recommending domicilliary NIV, and the main reason for this (59.2%) was being un-refundable by social security foundation. CONCLUSION: There is a wide variation in Turkey for prescription of NIV, which is supposed to improve clinical course of patients with CRF. Further studies are required to determine the possible causes of these differences, frequency of use and patient outcomes in this setting.

Approach of pulmonologists in Turkey to noninvasive mechanical ventilation use in acute respiratory failure.

INTRODUCTION: Noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) has been increasingly used worldwide for acute respiratory failure (ARF), especially in patients with chronic lung disorders. We aimed to define the approach of pulmonologists in Turkey to NIV use for ARF management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 38-question survey, developed and tested by authors, was distributed by e-mail to a total of 2.205 pulmonologists in Turkey. RESULT: Response rate was 27% (n= 596). Seventy-one percent of responders were practicing NIV in clinic. NIV use was found to be associated with responder's academic title, age, duration of medical license, type of physician's hospital and its region, patient load, NIV experience during residency, and duration of NIV and intensive care unit (ICU) experience (p< 0.001). Based on sub-group analysis of responders using NIV, median number of NIV patients followed-up per week was 4 [interquartile range (IQR): 2-6]. Most of the NIV users reported employment of wards (90%) and/or ICUs (86%) to follow-up patients, while 8.4% of the responders were applying NIV only in ICU's. Chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) (99.5%), obesity hypoventilation syndrome (93.7%) and restrictive lung disease (89.4%) were the most common indications. Majority of NIV users (87%) were applying NIV to > 60% of patients with COPD, and success rate in COPD was reported as over 60% by 93% of users. Oronasal mask (median and IQR 90, 80-100%, respectively) and home care NIV ventilators (median and IQR 50, 10-85%, respectively) were the most commonly utilized equipment. CONCLUSIONS: NIV use in ARF varies based on hospital type, region and, especially, experience of the physician. Although consistent with guidelines and general practice, NIV use can still be improved and increased.

Association of obstructive sleep apnea with homocystein, nitric oxide and total antioxidant capacity levels in patients with or without coronary artery disease.

INTRODUCTION: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Deficiency of nitric oxide (NO) and plasma levels of homocystein have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. OSA results in oxygen desaturation and arousal from sleep. Free oxygen radicals can be produced by hypoxia-reoxygenation. To test for the hypothesis that OSA is associated with cardiovascular morbidity, we investigated levels of homocystein, NO and total antioxidant capacity in OSA patients with and without coronary artery disease (CAD) in comparison with normal subjects and patients with CAD without OSA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Polysomnography was performed in 27 patients who had a myocardial infarction and in 25 patients without evidence of CAD. Patients were grouped according their polysomnography results as OSA with CAD (group 1), OSA without CAD (group 2), CAD (group 3), and normal (group 4) . Levels of homocystein, NO and total antioxidant capacity were determined after an overnight fasting. Data were analysed with parametric and non parametric statistical tests. RESULTS: According to apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) 44.4% of CAD patients were OSA. After polysomnographic evaluation, the patients were re-distributed as follows: OSA with CAD (n= 12), OSA without CAD (n= 14), CAD (n= 15), and normal (n= 11). Homocystein levels were higher in 3 groups compared to controls. AHI, MDI and desaturation time was higher in three -vessel disease compared to one and two- vessel diseases (p< 0.05). NO levels were correlated with the period of oxygen desaturation (r: -0.45, p= 0.031). The antioxidant capacity did not differ between OSA and healthy groups. CONCLUSION: OSA is frequent in CAD. AHI, MDI and desaturation time are higher in patients with severe CAD. It is important to evaluate OSA patients for CAD.

Pneumoconiosis and respiratory problems in dental laboratory technicians: analysis of 893 dental technicians.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the rate of pneumoconiosis in dental technicians (DTP) and to evaluate the risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data of 893 dental technicians, who were admitted to our hospital in the period January 2007-May 2012, from 170 dental laboratories were retrospectively examined. Demographic data, respiratory symptoms, smoking status, work duration, working fields, exposure to sandblasting, physical examination findings, chest radiographs, pulmonary function tests and high-resolution computed tomography results were evaluated. RESULTS: Dental technicians' pneumoconiosis rate was 10.1% among 893 cases. The disease was more common among males and in those exposed to sandblasting who had 77-fold higher risk of DTP. The highest profusion subcategory was 3/+ (according to the International Labour Organization (ILO) 2011 standards) and the large opacity rate was 13.3%. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, it was the largest DTP case series (N = 893/90) in the literature in English. Health screenings should be performed regularly for the early diagnosis of pneumoconiosis, which is an important occupational disease for dental technicians.

Correlation between the intima-media thickness and Framingham risk score in patients with sleep apnea syndrome.

BACKGROUND: In the present study, we want to demonstrate the correlation between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) whose independent effect on carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) was demonstrated, with Framingham risk score (FRS) showing the overall cardiovascular risk. METHODS: IMT of the carotid artery was measured with ultrasonography and 10-year risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) was defined with FRS in 90 consecutive patients referred to our sleep clinic and who underwent polysomnography (PSG), with vascular risk factors and without a clinical atherosclerotic disease. RESULTS: IMT and FRS were found to be statistically significantly increased in the severe OSAS group compared to the other two groups. Carotid IMT was found to be significantly positively correlated with, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI) and time duration with oxygen saturation (SpO2) <90%, and negatively correlated with minimum oxygen saturation at sleep (minimum SpO2) and mean SpO2. In control and mild OSAS group IMT and FRS have significantly positive correlation (r: 0.501, P: 0.027; r: 0.625, P<0.001), while in severe OSAS group no significant correlation was detected between IMT and FRS (r: 0.321, P: 0.06). In the regression analysis AHI and ODI were found to be an independent predictor of carotid IMT. ODI was found to have an independent effect on the progression of atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS: Increased carotid IMT in severe OSAS group could not be explained with the classical risk factors. In this respect, FRS might be insufficient to determine correctly the cardiovascular risk and protection strategies against the disease in OSAS patients.

[Clinical, laboratory and computed tomography pulmonary angiography results in pulmonary embolism: retrospective evaluation of 205 patients]. / Pulmoner embolide klinik, laboratuvar ve bilgisayarli tomografi pulmoner anjiyografi sonuçlari: 205 hastanin retrospektif degerlendirmesi.

OBJECTIVE: With this study, we aimed at evaluating demographic data, clinical, laboratory findings in pulmonary embolism (PE) and the relationship of these findings with the embolism location region and responses of the patients to the treatment of the embolism in order to contribute to the patient management in decreasing mortality. METHODS: Clinical findings, accompanying diseases, risk factors, serum D-dimer and creatinine levels, imaging modalities and mortality rates of 205 patients (female: 98, male: 107) diagnosed with PE were examined retrospectively. The relationship between the qualifier variables was evaluated using Chi-square test. RESULTS: Average age of the patients was 61.55±14.44 years and 86 (42%) patients were above 65 years. Most common complaint was dyspnea (85%), most frequent coexisting disease was congestive heart failure (19%). Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (30.7%) was the most frequently seen risk factor. Pulmonary embolism was mostly in the right lobe pulmonary artery (32.1%). It was observed that the higher ages of patients the more frequency of proximal located embolism was (p<0.005), especially lobar artery involvement was observed to be high (p=0.032). An early mortality rate was 4.9% and late mortality rate was 11.2%. CONCLUSION: In the patients with complaint of dyspnea who are at elder ages and have accompanying diseases, PE should be considered. PE is generally localized in the main pulmonary arteries, which emphasizes crucial importance of early diagnosis and treatment in reduction of mortality.

[Lung cancer and family history of cancer]. / Akciger kanseri ve ailesel kanser hikayesi.

There are many studies supporting the family history in lung cancer. The study included 213 subjects with new and former diagnoses of lung cancer. Patients were enrolled from the Department of Chest Diseases Ankara University Faculty of Medicine and Atatürk Chest Diseases and Chest Surgery Training and Research Hospital between January-June 2005. For the control group, 200 healthy subjects were gathered. We aimed to investigate the family predisposition for lung and other cancers, additionally the relationship of this predisposition to age, gender, smoking habits and cell types. The number of first degree relatives of patients and control group were 2058 and 2045, respectively. In conclusion, positive family history for cancer estimated in 38% of 213 individuals with lung cancer. In these individuals, 41.9% had lung cancer, 19% had gastrointestinal system cancer, 7.6% had breast cancer, 5.7% had prostate cancer, 25.7% had other system cancers (larinx, skin, bone, hematologic system, central nervous system). Besides, 4.6% of 213 patients had accompanying other system cancers (urinary bladder, kidney, lung, head-neck). In control group, positive family history for the cancer was 21.5% and this was statistically significant (p< 0.001). In the family members of patients with lung cancer, the risks of lung, gastrointestinal system and breast cancer development were increased. Besides, the lung and other system cancers (except prostate and gastrointestinal system cancers) were significantly increased at the brothers of patients with lung cancer, supporting the genetical transition hypothesis. The presence of head-neck, bladder, prostate, lung and kidney cancers in the history of the patients increase the risk of lung cancer, supporting the genetic transition.