Oesophageal cancer among the Turkomans of northeast Iran.

A Caspian Littoral Cancer Registry survey in the early 1970s established northern Iran as one of the highest oesophageal cancer incidence regions of the world. To verify this, an oesophageal cancer survey was carried out between 1995 and 1997 in the Turkoman Plain at the southeastern corner of the Caspian Sea. Oesophageal balloon cytology screening was carried out on 4192 asymptomatic adults above age 30 years in one town and three adjoining villages with a total population of 20 392 people at risk. Oesophagoscopy was performed on 183 patients with abnormal cytological findings. The discovery of two asymptomatic small squamous cell cancers and one 'carcinoma- suspect' implied a prevalence ranging from 47.7 per 100 000 to 71.5 per 100 000. During a 1-year active surveillance, 14 patients were found with clinically advanced oesophageal squamous cell cancer, yielding age-standardized incidence rates of 144.09 per 100 000 for men and 48.82 per 100 000 for women. The very high frequency of oesophageal cancer reported for northern Iran 25 years ago stands confirmed. Differences in incidence rates, then and now, can be attributed to survey methods used and diagnostic criteria applied, but not to socioeconomic factors, which have remained relatively stable. Oesophageal balloon cytology is a practical method of mass screening for oesophageal cancer in Iran.

Histone H5 in nucleated erythrocytes of fish as determined by radioimmunoassay.

Tissue-specific histone H5 in the nucleated erythrocytes of dogfish, scup, skate, tautog, sea robin and toad fish was studied. The presence of this histone was inferred by its electrophoretic mocility on polyacrylamide gels containing either acid-urea or sodium dodecyl sulfate. By radioimmunoprecipitation assays, cross reaction was observed between fish histones and an anti-H5chicken antibody. The antibody was specific to chicken histone H5; purified chicken histone H1 and calf thymus total histones did not cross react. It is concluded that fish histone H5 shares common antigenic determinants with the chicken H5 histone.