"Active carbon" is more advantageous to the bacterial community in the rice rhizosphere than "stable carbon".

Carbon materials are commonly used for soil carbon sequestration and fertilization, which can also affect crop growth by manipulating the rhizosphere bacterial community. However, the comparison of the differences between active carbon (e.g., organic fertilizers) and stable carbon (e.g., biochar) on rhizosphere microdomains is still unclear. Hence, a trial was implemented to explore the influence of control (CK, no fertilizer; NPK, chemical fertilizer), organic fertilizer (CF-O, organic fertilizer; CF-BO, biochar-based organic fertilizer) and biochar material (CF-B, perishable garbage biochar; CF-PMB, pig manure biochar) on the diversity, composition, and interaction of rice rhizosphere bacterial community through 16 S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. Our results demonstrate that organic fertilizer increases bacterial alpha-diversity compared to no-carbon supply treatment to the extend, whereas biochar has the opposite effect. The rhizosphere bacterial community composition showed pronounced variations among the various fertilization treatments. The relative abundance in Firmicutes decreased with organic fertilizer application, whereas that in Chloroflexi and Actinobacteria decreased with biochar application. Bacterial network analysis demonstrate that organic fertilizer enhances the complexity and key taxa of bacterial interactions, while biochar exhibits an opposing trend. The findings of our study indicate that organic fertilizer may contribute to a positive and advantageous impact on bacterial diversity and interaction in rice rhizosphere, whereas the influence of biochar is not as favorable and constructive. This study lays the foundation for elucidating the fate of the rhizosphere bacterial community following different carbon material inputs in the context of sustainable agricultural development.

HPDL mutations identified by exome sequencing are associated with infant neurodevelopmental disorders.

BACKGROUND: Recent research found that biallelic HPDL variants can cause neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive spasticity and brain white matter abnormalities (NEDSWMA), with only a few reports. Clinical phenotypic information on individuals with damaging HPDL variants may also be incomplete. The phenotype of NEDSWMA is characterized by severe neurodevelopmental delay, brain atrophy, and spasticity in infancy. METHODS: Exome sequencing was used in the proband and his parents to identify the underlying genetic cause. Candidate mutations were validated by classic Sanger sequencing. The clinical presentation of the infant who carried HPDL variants was summarized. RESULTS: We identified a novel compound heterozygous variants in HPDL, c.995delC (p.T332Mfs) and c.1051C>T (p.Q351*) in the patient a 6-month-old boy presenting with global developmental delay, seizures, hypertonia, and limb spasticity. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed thin corpus callosum, ventriculomegaly, white matter volume reduction, bilateral frontotemporal subarachnoid widening, and sulcus deeping. CONCLUSION: Our results provided important information for the associations of variants in HPDL with the neurodevelopmental disorder in infants, and broaden the genetic spectrum of HPDL-related disease. This is the second report of the HPDL mutation causing infant neurodevelopmental disorders in a Chinese population.

REPORT-Mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion associated with mumps infection: A case report.

We describe for the first time an child who demonstrated Mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS) after mumps infection in China. In this report, a 12-year-old boy came to Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University due to fever, swelling and pain under the earlobe for 4 days, and headache and vomiting for half of a day. Laboratory examinations showed a blood sodium level of 125mmol/L, both the Immunoglobulin M and Polymerase Chain Reaction results for the serum mumps virus were positive. Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed slight hypointense on T1 weighted images, hyperintense on T2-weighted images, fluid attenuated inversion recovery, diffusion-weighted images in the splenium of the corpus callosum indicative of MERS. On the 8th day, the patient no longer had swelling and pain around the parotid salivary glands, the sodium levels returned to normal. Onset of 14th d, follow-up brain MRI did not reveal any abnormalities. The case given to us indicates that MERS should be considered when patients after mumps infection presents with neurological symptoms and MRI should be performed to evaluate the splenium of the corpus callosum.